for others to follow. Internal and external factors involved in technology affect management’s efficiency in planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The new advances in technology have provided new production techniques and new ways to manage and communicate such as telecommuting and robotic manufacturing. The technology of computers has increased productivity and performance. Management is able to watch and learn what the competitors are doing and improve the efficiency in decision making
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management. We compare this with the Rethinking Project Management research agenda [Winter M, Smith C, Morris P, Cicmil S. Directions for future research in Project management: the main findings of a UK government-funded research network. Int J Project Manage 2006;24(8):638-649.]. Our contribution is to (1) validate the directions defined in that agenda; (2) identify elements not incorporated in it and (3) provide examples that crystallise the agenda for the domain of IT project management. Ó 2008 Elsevier
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of religious belief and worship. The word is also linked to training, discipline, horticulture, agriculture – and the growing of micro organisms in a laboratory. Culture might also be understood as patterns of behavior characteristic for groups of people, which are passed on from generation to generation. It also can be seen as norms and social roles, linguistic paradigms and mental models. Emergence of Organizational culture At the early 1980s organizational scholars began paying serious attention
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REPUBLIC OF KENYA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND MINERAL RESOURCES MERU NORTH DISTRICT ENVIRONMENT ACTION PLAN 2009-2013 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Economic growth and environment are closely intertwined in Kenya’s development. Environmental Action Planning is a tool that aims at enhancing the integration of environment into development planning. Meru North District faces many environmental challenges with some being unique to the District. Some of the challenges include; Poverty has lead to the over-use and destruction
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Housekeeping department 2. Laundry department 3. F&B(Food and Beverage) department 4. Accounting department 5. Front office department Front office is a business term that refers to a company's departments that come in contact with clients, including the marketing, sales, and service departments In the hotel industry, the front office welcomes guests to the accommodation section: meeting and greeting them, taking and organizing reservations, allocating check in and out of
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Introduction TOMBOW Pencil Co., Ltd. was established in Japan in 1913 as a manufacturer of wood-cased lead and colored pencils. It is not an exaggeration to say that every student in Japan has grown up with the TOMBOW pencil. During the past four decades, TOMBOW has diversified its manufacturing program to include ballpoint pens, roller ball pens, markers, correction tape, glue sticks, liquid glues, adhesive tape, and dry highlighters. Today, TOMBOW has achieved an outstanding reputation for its
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technology), population and economic situation, pushing the organisation to change and adapt to a new environment. It is evident that Unitel was formerly owned by the government but was later privatised in the early 1990s. When a company becomes privatised, this is categorized as an external factor because it goes beyond the control of the company. Significant changes in the external environment could include lowering trade tariffs or changes in government ownership policies, as a result of the change
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Problem Credits Managing Market Risk Interest Rate Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Equity / commodity price Risk Element of Market Risk Management Board and Senior Management Oversight Organization Structure Risk Management Committee ALCO Middle Office Risk Measurement Repricing Gap Models Earning at Risk &Economic Value of Equity Models Value at Risk Risk Monitoring Risk Controls Audit Risk limits 25 27 28 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Managing Liquidity Risk
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Problem Credits Managing Market Risk Interest Rate Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Equity / commodity price Risk Element of Market Risk Management Board and Senior Management Oversight Organization Structure Risk Management Committee ALCO Middle Office Risk Measurement Repricing Gap Models Earning at Risk &Economic Value of Equity Models Value at Risk Risk Monitoring Risk Controls Audit Risk limits 25 27 28 28 30 30 30 31 31 33 34 34 35 36 37 37 38 38 38 39 39 39 Managing Liquidity Risk
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Market orientation is the cornerstone of marketing. It prescribes satisfying the market through an understanding and response to local needs, which include those of final and intermediate customers, competitors and the macro-environment and leads to superior performance (Narver & Slater, 1990). Due to the retail industry’s direct contact with the market and customers, it makes sense to look at market orientation as a concept to assess the success of Tesco. Market orientation is of even greater interest
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