Guided Inquiry Laboratory Procedure: CAN the METTLE of METAL be IMPROVED? OBJECTIVE: You will conduct an experiment to investigate the effect of heating, quenching, and tempering on metals and gather evidence to provide an explanation for the phenomenon observed. QUESTION: What effect will annealing (strong heating followed by slow cooling), quenching (strong heating followed by quick cooling), or tempering (strong heating followed by quick cooling, then strong heating and slow cooling) have
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result of this is a gradual build up of concentrations of hydroxide ions around the cathode and this produces a solution of sodium hydroxide. An essential requirement is to keep an effective and economic means of separation the anode and cathode reactions so that the products, chlorine and caustic soda, will not react to form sodium hypochlorite. The Separation process has been historically achieved by the mercury amalgam and diaphragm processes. The chemical industry is used for many useful things
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substances which lower the activation energy required for a chemical reaction to occur and therefore increases the rate of the reaction. Activation Energy is the minimum energy barrier needed to be overcome before a reaction can occur by providing an alternative reaction pathway. The beneficial aspect of enzymes is that they are extremely efficient and may be used repeatedly. One enzyme may be used to catalyze thousands of reactions every second. The two factors that affect the efficiency of how enzymes
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CHAPTER 5 CFD ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER AND SIMULATION This chapter deals with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the hydrodynamics and thermal behavior of the turbulent flow through a 2 pass Double pipe heat exchanger using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 software. 5.1 Geometry and Modeling 5.1.1 Specifications of Geometry and Boundary conditions The analysis is performed on a double pipe heat exchanger with the inner diameter of inner pipe is 0.019 m & outer diameter of inner pipe
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Allosteric enzymes are "enzymes that change their conformational ensemble upon binding of an effector, which results in an apparent change in binding affinity at a different ligand binding site." The mechanism of working of these enzymes is called "action at a distance". The effector molecules bind to a site called the allosteric site, which is different from the active site at which the substrate binds. The allosteric activators are the effector molecule increasing the enzyme activity through protein
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• Thermal Oven • pH analyzer • Triple Quartz Distillation Unit • HPLC Injecting Syringe (25 mL) (HAMILTON) REAGENTS USED 1. Acetonitrile HPLC grade 2. Methanol HPLC grade 3. Water – HPLC grade 4. Mixed Phosphate Buffer 5. Lamivudine LAMIVUDINE TRAIL METHOD-I Mobile phase Acetonitrile : Water (50:50) λmax 270 nm Flow rate 1mL/min Column Inertsil C8 150 x 4.6 mm Retention Time 1.800 min Efficiency 2030 Preparation of mobile phase: Take 100ml of Acetonitrile in volumetric flask and
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Most chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used as received without further purification. All the reactions were carried out under a dry nitrogen atmosphere, unless stated otherwise. Solvents were dried using the standard method. 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (dcbpy), 4,7-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline (dcphen), 4,4'-bis(E-carboxyvinyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (dcvbpy), 4,7-bis(E-carboxyvinyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (dcvphen), and 5-(2-[2,2'-bipyridin] -5-ylethynyl)-22'-bipyridine
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A Sequence of Chemical Reactions The goal of doing this experiment is to examine the law of conservation of mass by determine the percent of copper from a sequence of chemical reactions. Also, to recognize the change in color, gas, and the temperature change. The sequence of chemical reactions is: Cu(s)Cu2+(aq)Cu(OH)2(s)CuO(s)Cu2+(aq)Cu(NH3)4^2+(aq)Cu2+(aq)Cu(s) Also, I must wear Safety Glasses while I’m doing the experiment because I’m dealing with dangerous chemicals. During the experiment
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we were given the task of observing single-replacement and double-replacement reactions. This paper has background information on the different types of chemical reactions, as well as the chemistry behind the two reactions we observed in lab. A chemical reaction is a process that is characterized by a chemical change in which the reactants (starting products) are different from the products. Chemical reactions involve the breaking of old bonds and the formation of new bonds. They can result
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proteins which help catalyze enzymatic reactions. As hypothesized, catechol oxidase (enzyme) was not able to function in a very acidic pH (pH 2) or a highly basic pH (pH 11). In both cases the catechol oxidase activity was decreased which resulted in minimum production of benzoquinone (product). Even though the original hypothesis was not completely supported, however, as seen in figure 1, the absorbance for the mixture is at its highest when the reaction occurs in the presence of a pH 8 buffer
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