CHAPTER 3 Elements of solid state physics • Semiconductors, insulators and metals • Semiconductors • Insulators • Metals Prof. Dr. Beşire GÖNÜL Semiconductors, Insulators and Metals The electrical properties of metals and insulators are well known to all of us. Everyday experience has already taught us a lot about the electrical properties of metals and insulators. But the same cannot be said about “semiconductors”. What happens when we connect a battery to a piece of a silicon;
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battery life while reducing their sizes, weights and energy consumption has driven the semiconductor industry to develop more advanced packaging technologies. Among all different types of packaging technologies proposed, three-dimensional (3D) vertical integration (3D stacking of chips) using through silicon via (TSV) copper interconnect is currently considered one of the most advanced technologies in the semiconductor industry. The co-efficient of thermal expansion of copper is 5-6 times more than
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the valence band is either partially filled (Cu) or the valence and conduction bands overlap (Mg). Insulators and semiconductors have completely filled valence band and empty conduction band. It is the magnitude of band gap which separates metals, semiconductors and insulators in terms of their electrical conductivity. The band gap is relatively smaller in semiconductors while it is very large in insulators. Conduction Mechanism An electron has to be excited from the filled to the
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review of the basic atomic properties of matter leading to discrete electronic energy levels in atoms. We find that these energy levels are spread into energy bands in a crystal. This band structure allows us to distinguish between an insulator, a semiconductor, and a metal. 1-1 CHARGED PARTICLES The charge, or quantity, of negative electricity and the mass of the electron have been found to be 1.60 X 10- 19 C (coulomb) and 9.11 X 10- 31 kg, respectively. The values of many important physical
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Recruitment of a Star Introduction The case is based on Stephen Connor, director of research at the New York investment banking firm of Rubin, Stern, and Hertz (RSH) who is facing a delima of recruiting a Semiconductor analyst in place of the star analyst who recently quit his job. The issue needs immediate attention because of an upcoming deal with the PowerChip company which requires an expert level analyst Rubin, Stern and Hertz(RSH), an investment banking firm based in New York, is faced
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Light Emitting Diode (LED) Principles The Key mechanism of the Light emission in LEDs is Band - to -Band recombination (radiation) Not ANY recombination produces the RADIATION. In case of indirect transitions, the recombination produces phonons rather than photons. This is the case for Si. Si cannot be used for efficient LEDs Non-equilibrium conditions: If the concentration of e-h pairs increases, n = ∆n+n0; p = ∆p+p0; the recombination rate also increases: 0 RSP = Br n0 p0
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Assignment Ans A: LDD is used in NMOS only, LDD is used to reduce the electric field strength, the gate-drain capacitance and the hot electron impact ionisation effect. LDD reduces the drain-bulk depletion region at the reversed biased junction diode. Therefore LDD reduces leakage current through this diode B: The value of SPACE.MULT is the amount by which the grid spacing specified in the ATHENA Mesh Define menu is multiplied. A value for SPACE.MULT that is greater than will reduce the total number
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Samsung Case After reviewing Samsung’s current position in the semiconductor and memory chip industry, Swift Consulting has come up with a full analysis on the threats and opportunities facing the company. The primary threat facing the firm is the entry and growth of Chinese semiconductor companies. To respond to this threat, it is our assessment that Samsung should allocate less production to capacity to Dynamic Random Access Memory, and increase production and research to the more rapidly growing
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Abu Dhabi University Collage of Engineering& Computer Science Course: Electronic Devices & Circuits Course ID: CEN304 Course Lecturer: Dr.Montasir Qasymeh Lab 1: DC& ACCharacteristics of Diodes Prepared by: Eng. Ahmed Sweleh Date: 20/9/2012 1 Objectives: This lab aims to educate the student in the following:1. 2. 3. 4. Putting the diodein reverse bias and forward bias. Measuring forward current (IF) and reverse current (IR). Observing the AC characteristics of a diode. Plotting
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Unit 9. Exercise 1 1. Forward Biased LED – Semiconductor diode with a positive voltage applied to the p-region and a negative voltage to the n-region. 2. Incoherent Light – Light in which the electric and magnetic fields of photons are completely random in orientation. Incoherent light is typically emitted from light bulbs and LEDs. 3. Laser – Acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The laser produces a coherent source of light with a narrow beam and a narrow
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