Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard Robert S. Kaplan Working Paper 10-074 Copyright © 2010 by Robert S. Kaplan Working papers are in draft form. This working paper is distributed for purposes of comment and discussion only. It may not be reproduced without permission of the copyright holder. Copies of working papers are available from the author. Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard1 Robert S. Kaplan Harvard Business School, Harvard University 1 Paper
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for sustainable development is the main reason why developing countries are now embracing it and including it in their economic development and conservation strategies. It helps in community development by providing the alternate source of livelihood to local community. Medina (2005) explains that a criterion for sustainable tourism should include indicators of social and economic sustainability adding up to indicators of environmental sustainability. Okomu
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educational or literacy standards. These individuals in the work place exhibit not only similar behavior patterns and characteristics to a certain degree but also they show much dissimilarity. Technology alone, however, cannot bring about desired change in economic performance of the country unless human potential is fully utilized for production. The management must therefore be aware not only organization but also employees and their needs. The human resource is critical and difficult to manage. It is because
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business have specific roles in the departments to further the goals of the company. The functional areas of a business are human resources, management, law, leadership, accounting, finance, research and statistics, marketing, economics, operations management, and strategic planning. A functional organization structure will group its employees by different skills to put them in the correct functional areas. Business managers perform all activities in an organization, they usually calibrate these activities
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HISTORY The history of National Bank of Pakistan is part of Pakistan’s struggle for economic independence. National Bank of Pakistan was established on November 9, 1949 under the National Bank of Pakistan Ordinance, 1949 in order to cope with the crisis conditions which were developed after trade deadlock with India and devaluation of Indian Rupee in 1949. Initially the Bank was established with the objective to extend credit to the agriculture sector. The normal procedure of establishing a banking
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Manpower Planning Manpower planning is a process by which the management ensures the right number and the right kind of people are at the right place and are doing the desired things(for which they are best suited) for the achievement of organisational objectives. It is the process of developing and determining objectives, policies of procurement in relation to manpower. It requires forecasting manpower needs and planning of activities to fulfil those forecast needs. . It involves anticipating
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3 1.4 1.5 1.6 2.1 II 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 III IV V LANGUAGE: KANNADA/SANSKRIT/URDU/TAMIL/ TELUGU/ADDITIONAL ENGLISH/ MARATHI/HINDI ENGLISH BUSINESS ECONOMICS FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS MATHEMATICS TOTAL LANGUAGE: KANNADA/SANSKRIT/URDU/TAMIL/ TELUGU/ADDITIONAL ENGLISH/ MARATHI/HINDI ENGLISH BUSINESS STATISTICS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
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Syllabus-MBA (Hospital Administration) PAPER – I: BASIC CONCEPT OF HEALTH -Code MHA 101 Concept of Health and Disease • Concept of health & disease and well being. • Natural history of disease and role of hospitals to offer various levels of care • Prevention aspect of diseases • Dynamics of disease transmission • Changing pattern of diseases • Concept of health indicators Preliminary Human anatomy and Physiology • Basic concepts of human anatomy
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An organisation is a formal structure of relationships, responsibilities and authorities through which specific objectives are achieved. 'A work organisation is a social arrangement for the controlled performance of collective goals' (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). Purposes of different types of Organisation: Business organisations: To make a profit in a socially standard way. For example: Airlines, Fast food. Non-profit service organisations: They want to help to all
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approach gives the textbook answers. - Classicists broadly see strategy as a rational process of long-term planning, vital to securing the future. - Evolutionists usually regard the future as too volatile and unpredictable to plan for, and warn that the best strategy is to concentrate on maximizing changes of survival today. - Processualists too doubt the value of rational long-term planning, seeing strategy best as an emergent process of learning and adaptation. - Systemic theorists take a relativist
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