specific purpose and presented in a context to make it meaningful and relevant. Information, generally leads to rise in understanding and decline in uncertainty. Information is considered important as it can affect behavior, decisions as well as their outcomes. Suppose a manager receives the information that his company is struggling during a certain time of the year he can use that information to make certain changes to help cut costs to operate the organization. If information is received that does
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Designation:Executive, Talent Management in Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) | | Qualification: Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Hons. (Human Resource Management), Universiti Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN) | | Contact Number : 019-2898909 | | Relevant Working Experience:Farid has more than 3 years in human resource background in areas such as Organisational Design, Training and Performance Support and Talent Management. He joined TNB after serving another GLC, Chemical Company of Malaysia (CCM)
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toward the $4-per-gallon mark, it’s hard not to feel for those who have to make long commutes on a daily basis. The cost to produce and deliver gasoline to consumers includes the cost of crude oil to refiners, refinery processing costs, marketing and distribution costs, and finally the retail station costs and taxes. The prices paid by consumers at the pump reflect these costs, as well as the profits of refiners, marketers, distributors, and retail station owners (A Primer on Gasoline Prices).
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1. Cost of Quality Analysis A focus on quality management demands that the total cost and benefits of quality performance be first understood by everyone in the company. In order to successfully launch a companywide Six Sigma, the first step is to dig out all relative cost categories that associated with managing quality and quality failures. The marketing research and other similar costs categories should all be included in the Cost of Quality (CoQ) analysis. 1.1 Identification of Cost Categories
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Question 1. What are the relevant cash flows under each of the two alternatives? And in what years do they occur? Alternative 1: Rehabilitation of the Conway We decided to divide this alternative in two parts. Part A is Rehabilitation without parts and Part B is Rehabilitation with parts. Facts/Assumptions • Conway’s additional useful life of 20 years. • Book value of Conway: $39,500 • Market value of Conway: $25,000. This is the Opportunity Cost of not selling the Conway
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Service Have products always available Finance Minimize Inventory Cost Less Inventory? Operations Plan Inventory Multiple Objectives??? More Inventory? Production constraint of suppliers To retain supplier good will Economies of Scale in Procurement Take advantage of Quantity Discounts Cover time required for the procurement of materials Meet variation in Production Demand Reduce Transit Cost and Transit Times Cater to Cyclical and Seasonal Demand Long Lead and High
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Question 1. What are the relevant cash flows under each of the two alternatives? And in what years do they occur? Alternative 1: Rehabilitation of the Conway We decided to divide this alternative in two parts. Part A is Rehabilitation without parts and Part B is Rehabilitation with parts. Facts/Assumptions • Conway’s additional useful life of 20 years. • Book value of Conway: $39,500 • Market value of Conway: $25,000. This is the Opportunity Cost of not selling the Conway
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caused the existing cost system at ETO to fail? o Cost system doesn’t match their complex business model • 200+ different standard process flows • 6,500 different software programs • 1,500 tools and fixtures • Multiple machines (number not specified) • Testing for 100’s and soon 1000’s of conditions o Yet they have a simple all-in-one cost system that uses a single metric (direct labor hours) to cost for every product type even though that metric is not unilaterally relevant to every product
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Cost of Capital FINANCING DECISION In financing decision, it is totally concentrated on how to generate finance from long term sources It is also considered the following points: Cost of Finance Time period Purpose of Finance Amount of Finance Risk involvement SOURCES OF FINANCE Finance required for investing purpose may be from one or combination of the following sources: 1) From Debt Source 2) From Equity Source i. Ordinary Shares ii. Preference Shares iii. Retained Earning
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to the project. * Sunk Cost: Sunk costs are cost to the company that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered by any means. In this example Air Jet hired a group to come in and evaluate the feasibility and the utility of acquiring a new machine for them to use. Even if the company does not get the machine the money that they spent has already been spent and they cannot recover it by any means. * Opportunity Cost: Opportunity cost is basically any cost of any activity measured in
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