CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM Carbohydrates are found as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates. They function in energy storage (starch&glycogen), signaling (glycoproteins and glycolipids, e.g. blood group determinants), fuel the nervous system and muscle (and virtually all cells, although there are distinct cell type specific differences in choice of primary fuel molecule), are parts of nucleic acids (genes, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes), and as cell surface markers
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Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis and Aerobic Cellular Respiration Emily Satterstrom AIU student | Photosynthesis | Aerobic Cellular Respiration | Full balanced equation | 6CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2 | C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O +ATP | Reactants | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and light energy | Glucose and Oxygen | Products | Glucose and Oxygen | Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP | Is this reaction endergonic or exergonic? State which one it is. | Photosynthesis
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The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), or the Krebs cycle,[1][2] — is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions
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Aerobic respiration – a chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from carbohydrates. o Aerobic respiration produces much more energy than anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration results in the formation of 30 to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. • Anaerobic respiration – a chemical process in which carbohydrates are partially broken down without using oxygen. A small amount of energy is produced in this manner. o Anaerobic respiration produces
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10 Section 3.3 – The light – independent reaction 11 Section 3.4 – Factors affecting photosynthesis 12 Section 4.1 – Glycolysis 13 Section 4.2 – Link reaction + Kreb cycle 14 Section 4.3 – Electron transport chain 15 Section 4.4 – Anaerobic respiration 16 Section 5.1 – Food chains and food webs 17 Section 5.2 – Energy transfer between trophic levels 18 Section 5.3 – Ecological pyramids 19 Section 5.4 – Agricultural ecosystems 20 Section 5.5 – Chemical and biological control of agricultural
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Name _______________________________________ Date ______________ Biology Keystone Exam Preparation Cellular Respiration 1. A biological process that occurs in both plants and animals is shown below. Which row in the chart below identifies the lettered substances in this process? A. Row 1 B. Row 2 C. Row 3 D. Row 4 Base your answers to questions 2 & 3 on the diagrams below and your knowledge of biology. The arrow below each lettered process indicates
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1. Define the three energy pathways. For each pathway, identify two exercises that utilize the pathway. If you were training to run a marathon, which pathway would be the focal point of your training? What types of activities would you incorporate into your marathon training and why? How will an understanding of energy pathways help you in your future training endeavors? Three different metabolic energy systems power your workouts — and your day. Here’s how each one works, and how to make the
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stimuli, e.g. temperature, oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time, e.g. winter fur to summer fur, or quickly, e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal environments change too- the build up of carbon dioxide as a result of respiration changes the pH of the tissue fluid, and therefore inhibits enzyme activity. Multicellular organisms need to coordinate different organs, so this requires a good communication system which will: • Cover the whole body • Enable cells to communicate
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Cellular respiration There are three stages in cellular respiration: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. The equation for cellular respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Glycolysis Glycolysis is multiple reactions that gain energy from glucose by splitting the glucose into 3 carbon molecules (Pyruvates). (Mason et al., 2016) Glycolysis is anaerobic meaning it doesn’t require any oxygen to be carried out. This is because energy can be made through
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Biochemistry Task 4 GRT1 208.5.4-01, 03-05, 5.5-02, 04-07 Western Governors University Biochemistry Task 4 GRT1 208.5.4-01, 03-05, 5.5-02, 04-07 A. Case 1: Hereditary Fructose Intolerance A1. Role of Enzymes in Processes Enzymes are proteins that carry out chemical reactions. They bind to substrates, which are basically substances that need to be broken down and changed into something else. When the enzyme and substrate bind, they form the enzyme-substrate complex. An enzyme will act
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