In order to identify the predation functional response of H. axyridis to tea aphids, the experiment was conducted in the controlled environment incubators (16-hr-light photoperiod; 25±3°C; 70±3% RH). The tea aphids used in this experiment were young nymphs. One first instar, starved for 24h, was placed into Petri dish (diameter 9cm and height 2cm) with a soft writing brush, tea aphids along with fresh host plant leaf were also provided. The open end of Petri dish was covered with porous pvc film
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Chapter 4 Optimisation of a Protein A Chromatography Process Introduction The optimisation of a chromatography, we know, is vital to the efficiency of a separation process. Protein A chromatography by virtue of its incredible ability to achieve high purity of biopharmaceutical products has made itself indispensable for downstream purification of biomolecules (Hammond et al.) Even though many variations of different chromatographic separations have been employed as ‘capture’ steps over the years
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oil mole ratio (1:6 to 1:24). The synthesis of methyl esters were achieved by an autoclave nitrogen pressurized reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a thermocouple.42 A maximum yield (97%) of methyl ester was obtained at a temperature of 180 °C, 1:15 molar ratio of methanol and oil for a reaction period of 2 hours. The 3 wt% of catalyst amount and 350-360 min-1 agitation speed were fixed respectively to obtain good yields. 2.13. Esterification of free fatty acids in crude palm oil The production
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. Peroxidase (PO) Peroxidases is a multipurpose stress sensitive enzyme (Thakker et al., 2013) that catalyses the oxidation of variety of substrates, mainly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2-dependent reaction catalyzed by Peroxidases results into the condensation of phenolics to lignins (Thakker et al., 2013), thereby removing the toxic H2O2 from tissues (Lebeda et al., 1999). The key function of PO is lignin biosynthesis (Bruce & West, 1989) in plants. Lignins add strength to the cell wall creating
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Primary units : Those units which are basic units means fundamental units. The SI units are the basic units .in SI units based on the only basic units these units are few in list we do not need any other unit while we have primary unit .The basic units are coming from the start of the metric system that is called MKS system .These units are based on seven units. Quantity Name of units Symbol Length(l)
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Fig 2.1 schematically shows how the theories proposed regarding electric double layer capacitors have changed over time. The first model was introduced by Helmholtz38. Helmholtz proposed that if a charged surface is immersed into an electrolyte containing mobile ions, the surface would attract the counter-ions towards the surface and repel the like charge ions at the surface (9,10). His hypothesis further suggests that a monolayer would be formed of counter-ions near the surface, separated by a distance
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Introduction Mass spectrometry is a type of analytical technique that is used to ionize chemical compounds into charged molecules and they are separated based on the mass-to-charge ratios and their kinetic energy. It is thus can be used to identify the presence of the compound, their masses as well as their quantities. During the ionisation process, sample molecules are bombarded with a beam of electrons, electrons may be captured by the molecules to produce radical anion or it may lead to displacement
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2.6.4 Vacuum drying Amellal and Benamara (2008) investigated the drying ability of date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pulp cubes from three Algerian common varieties (Mech - Degla, Degla - Beida, and Frezza). Drying process was carried out under partial vacuum (200 mbar) at 60, 80, and 100° C. Compared to the Newton model, the Henderson and Pabis model better described drying kinetic of Mech - Degla and Frezza pulps at 60 and 80° C with a mean relative error (MRE) not higher than 6.07%. The same model
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Ultimately, the data somewhat supported the hypothesis because it was justified as the amount of hydrogen peroxide (mL) increases, then the displaced volume of oxygen (mL) that is produced will increase and eventually level out. This is because the hydrogen peroxide is substrate specific to catalase which is found in the liver solution tab. The two products react to create an active site which produces water and oxygen. Therefore, as the amount of hydrogen peroxide increased then the displaced oxygen
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1. Why did magnesium react with zinc nitrate and why can’t lead react with zinc nitrate? The reason why magnesium reacted with zinc nitrate is because magnesium is two elements higher than zinc on the activity series. When a metal is higher than another on the series, it means it is capable of replacing whichever metal is beneath it in a single displacement reaction. The distance between the two metals has a correlation with the slow execution of the reaction as the closer the elements are on the
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