In te r n a ti o n a l J o u r n a l o f M a n a g e me n t C a s es BOOTSTRAP FINANCING: FOUR CASE STUDIES OF TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES EVA M.TOMORY UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, CANADA Abstract Innovative businesses, especially in the early stages of their life cycles, often encounter difficulty in obtaining long-term external financing. Their founders tend to seek financing through nontraditional bootstrapping methods to launch their ventures. Bootstrap financing refers to a range of creative ways to
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organisation favour. However, some organisations were able to make use of this vital element. Apple Inc. is one of these successful companies who were and still until now managing it environment efficiently. Apple is a company that started in 1976 by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak as a computer company. Its market value has fluctuated over the years. In 1996, it was almost be out of business. However, in year 2000 the company value started to rise to the extent that it considered today as one of the most valued
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and how Apple has become a successful media institution through analysis of the globalization and ideology of Apple. Furthermore, it will be discussed the situation of Apple in China. I. History and product line Apple was founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne on April 1, 1976, to develop and sell personal computers. It was incorporated as Apple Computer, Inc. on January 3, 1977, and was renamed as Apple Inc. on January 9, 2007. Apple employs 72,800 permanent full-time
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12/14/14 Internal Environment Background Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, both college dropouts, founded the Apple Company on April 1976. Their partnership started several years before they created Apple. Wozniak, a self-taught electronics engineer, built a box that was able to call long-distance for free. They couldn’t simply make enough money with how small their company was, so they decided to expand ("Reference for Business."). To help expand Apple, Jobs hired Mike Markkula. Markkula is a retired
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throughout the years into an organization that is very much a representation of its leader, Steven Jobs. Apple made several hugely successful product introductions over the years. They have also completely fallen on their face on several occasions. They struggled mightily while Jobs was not a part of the organization. Apple reached a point where many thought they would not survive. When asked in late 1997 what Jobs should do as head of Apple, Dell Inc.'s (DELL) then-CEO Michael S. Dell said at an investor
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distribution model is supposed to reduce the number zero. The case focuses on the conflict of Donna Dubinsky, director of distribution and sales administration with Debi Coleman, who is also the manufacturing director. The conflict is indirectly with Steve Jobs too as the new model was his brain child. Donna Dubinsky is a strong manager with powerful relationships with her mentor Roy weaver. She is very direct and says what she thinks. She is confident and doesn’t let peer pressure sway her mind. She
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Apple and its Supply Chains Background Apple Computers, Inc. was founded by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs in 1976. It was the first company to create and mass produce personal computers. The company has had its ups and downs in the past thirty eight years of operation. It has seen over five Chief Executive Officers since its creation, and has had to change its business approaches several times in order to keep up with an ever-advancing technological world. Apple’s first computer led the way to
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to use personal computer with exceptional design and style; creating a premium product. Apple was focused on being different, rebellious and cutting-edge. Steve Jobs coined the motto, “It’s better to be a pirate than join the navy,” which exemplifies the rebellious and unique nature of Apple’s culture. Innovation and aesthetics were, in Steve Jobs’ eyes, the competitive advantage of Apple. When Apple shifted away from this vision, it took major hits to their profits and lost much of its market share
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given to the jobs and profits around the world generated by iPod, disparity in income and employment, and employee composition. Analysis of impacts of globalization on Apple Inc. since Jobs’ return Apple Inc. has undergone the golden time for business development and globalization from 2007 to 2011 under the leadership of Steve Jobs. The company was then on the verge of bankruptcy in 2007 when Steve Jobs returned to Apple. In order to save the company from bankruptcy, Steve Jobs took a series
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| | |CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGY | |APPLE COMPUTER, INC | |
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