When analysing the Visa-MasterCard case, there are two main ‘economic-schools-of-thought’ to be considered. Chicago School(CS) dismisses vertical exclusionary contracts as an anti-competitive tool. While, Post-Chicago School(PCS) offers an opposing explanation by suggesting different models to rationalise anti-competitive behaviour using vertical restrictions. Both schools build their models under the assumption of first-mover advantage and the monopoly power of an incumbent firm. (Motta, 2004)
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in the interim. The EC said the cartel was formed after the three companies worked together to improve the environmental impact of their products. "The environmental objective, however, did not require them to co-ordinate prices or other anti-competitive practices. Henkel, Procter & Gamble and Unilever did this on their own initiative," the EC said. Unilever said it had since strengthened compliance procedures. The company, which had already made a provision against a possible fine, saw its share
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WEEK 3 Research Paper The United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Do you think that such laws are effective? Competition Law I do believe that the competition law is effective because it helps businesses because it can protect the company’s position in the marketplace due to anticompetitive mergers and business practices. This enables markets to work more for the interest of the consumer and in return expand their profits
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The Importance of Competition People like to believe that competition is petty and immoral; that competition teaches us to be selfish and egotistical. I, however, disagree. Competition is an important aspect that we all face many times in our lives. Competition does teach us negative skills, but it also teaches us important traits such as innovation and perseverance, without it we would have complacency. With that in mind, we are often contradicting ourselves by saying that competition is not
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rate of population increase. * This is typical of species that colonise short-lived environments or of populations that undergo large fluctuations * Eg. Weeds, aphids, bacteria K selection: * K - selected species have superior competitive ability in stable environments where rapid population growth is unimportant as the population is maintained near K Ways to categorize/class species: * By biome or community type * By life history strategy * By life reproductive strategy
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To answer the question of whether the networks’ (Visa and MasterCard) rules barring member banks from issuing cards on the rival networks were illegal restraints of trade under the Sherman Act, and in what way these rules harmed competition, we need to pay attention to several details. First, under Section 1 of the Sherman Act “every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraints of trade or commerce among the several States, or wit foreign nations, is hereby
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The Competition Act 89 of 1998 (“the Act”) was used as reference Caption: Momentum Group Limited v African Life Health (Pty) Ltd (CAC) 58/CAC/Dec05 Heard in the Competition Appeal Court Decided 14 February 2006. Judgment written by Malan AJA. Davis JP and Mailula AJA concurring. Facts: This case dealt with the review and appeal of the decision of the Competition Tribunal. The applicants in the case are Momentum Group Limited (“MGL”) and two non-executive directors, L. Dippenaar and J
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mICROECONOMICSMBM1010 Economics for Managers Coursework Submission Deadline: 3 p.m., Wednesday 7th December 2010 Name | email | Phone | Akhil | aas12@aber.ac.uk | 07424637952 | Subin | sub19@aber.ac.uk | 07438887215 | Tia | alp29@ aber.ac.uk | 07966523032 | Nagesh | nam15@aber.ac.uk | 07466838654 | Gavin | gaa@ aber.ac.uk | 07814767239 | | Date | Time | Venue | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Pick Me: Slotting Product “Some have argued that slotting allowances – and a variant known as pay-to-stay fees, paid by manufacturers to keep existing products on retailers’ shelves – harm consumers by, among other things, excluding certain manufacturers and thereby impairing competition that otherwise would take place. Defenders of slotting allowances have asserted that, among other things, they cover the cost of introducing new products to the marketplace and thereby tend to foster entry and
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consumed. The competitive exclusion principle is that two organisms cannot occupy the same niche. However if two species do not completely overlap, then we see instances of coexistence between each species. However, competition variability is seen between same specie organisms and among differing species. Competition between two of the same species is known as intraspecific competition while competition seen between different species is referred to as interspecific competition. Our competitive study models
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