Definition of Planning: The planning process is the first basic managerial function According to Koontz and O’donnell,” Planning is deciding in advance What to do, how to do it, when to do it, and who is to do it.” Importance of Planning: Planning is the first and most important function of the management. It is needed at every level of the management. In the absence of planning all the business activities of the organization will become meaningless. The importance of planning has increased all
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Abstract: The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate the process of discovery, development, future trends and potentials for artificial blood vessels as a medical device and promising technology in cardiovascular treatment. This is the technology that will provide great health benefits to the patients and is more cost effective then traditional methods like coronary bypass. Coronary heart bypass has a number of disadvantages, for example, procedure can not be carried out if patient has not
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In: Book Name Editor: Editors Name, pp. ISBN © 2008 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN NONTRADITIONAL MACHINING AND MICROSCOPY Y.H. Guu1, C.C. Mai2 and H. Hocheng3,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University Miaoli 360, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2 Department of Numerical Control Technology, Intelligent Machinery Technology Division Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute Taichung
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PHYS3531 Physics Project Multi-valley monolayer materials By Fok Hong Ting 2010280804 Under the supervision of Dr. Wang Yao Content Acknowledgement 4 Introduction 5 Motivation 5 Project outline 5 Chapter I Tight binding model 6 Basics 6 The secular equation 8 Conclusion 9 Chapter II Graphene 11 Formulation 11 π energy band of graphene 15 σ energy bands
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MBA 606 656796 Network Structure in Virtual Organizations Manju K. Ahuja1,* and Kathleen M. Carley2,* This topic was chosen because it does highlight key elements of where work is done and how communication as well as coordination helps companies to achieve their business objectives. This framework of business has proven to be successful in modern design of work. Virtual organizations can be categorized under networked organizational structure. Networked organizational structure are
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characteristics accompanied by weight and cost effectiveness, l The influence of various parameters on the crashworthy ability of composite thin-walled structures was examined in detail, but conflicting results were produced. 2~ In Ref. 5 a simple theoretical approach is proposed, based on an equation similar to the buckling load equation for a column on an elastic foundation, which can be used to predict whether a change in energy absorption of a composite tube occurs as a result of changes in geometry
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literature on realized volatility. After presenting a general univariate framework for estimating realized volatilities, a simple discrete time model is presented in order to motivate the main results. A continuous time specification provides the theoretical foundation for the main results in this literature. Cases with and without microstructure noise are considered, and it is shown how microstructure noise can cause severe problems in terms of consistent estimation of the daily realized volatility
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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL RISK MEASUREMENT FOR FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT Torben G. Andersen Tim Bollerslev Peter F. Christoffersen Francis X. Diebold Working Paper 18084 http://www.nber.org/papers/w18084 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2012 Forthcoming in Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Volume 2, North Holland, an imprint of Elsevier. For helpful comments we thank Hal Cole and Dongho Song. For research support, Andersen
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8.1.Theoretical Foundations… Marketing Strategy: The marketing logic by which the business unit hopes to create customer value and achieve profitable customer relationships. This process involves marketing segmentation, market targeting, differentiation, and positioning. Market Segmentation: Dividing a market into distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviors, and who might require separate products
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OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE …................... 5 2.1 Functional Structure …................................................................ 6 2.2 Geographic Structure …............................................................. 10 2.3 Matrix Structure …...................................................................... 15 2.4 Product Structure …..................................................................... 20 3.0 SUMMARY ….........…..................................
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