、 。 ： ， ， 、 、 、 ， 、 Pre-IPO PE ； ， 。 ； 。 （ 2007 ） 、 （ Mezzanine ） 、 （ Buyout ） 、 （ Real Estate ） 、 PE 、 (FaPE Acs & Audretsch （ 1994 ） （ ） ， ； (Distreesed) 、 cilities) 。 ， 、 ， PE ， 、 、 、 。 、 ， ， 。 、 ， PE GDP ， ， ， ， GDP 。 ， 。 GDP 。 PE PE 2007 6 PE 。 ， ， 。 ， 。 》 、 ， （ 2008 ） ， ， 、 。 、 ， 《 ， 。 ， ， ， ， 。 Gompers & Lerner （ 1998 ） ， 、 、 ， 、 、 。 ， 、 PE PE 、 GDP PE PE 。 ： ； PE IPO GDP PE PE 21 PE IPO 、 、 、 VC 。 ， 。 Jeng
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The Post-Issue Operating Performance of IPO Firms Overview of the article As there were still few attempts to measure operating performance of IPO firms at that time, Jain and Kini (1994) wrote this article in a bid to focus on this particular issue by study on the IPO firms during 1976-1988. They investigate the change in operating performance of firms after going public through IPOs which they find that IPO firms show a decline in post-issue operating performance. The main reasons that explain
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significant importance to me. I would also like to thank my family for supporting me and motivating me not only throughout my postgraduate but also undergraduate degree. Contents: 1. Introduction 1 2.1 Background to the IPOs……….………...............................................................1 2.2 Problem Discussion………….……...…………………….………………….....4 2.3 Contribution of the study……………………………………….……...………..5 2. Literature Review 6 2.1 Lockup Agreements……………………………………………………………
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merger one time had been a boom in the market all over the world. But, here comes the question, what is a reverse merger? Generally speaking, a reverse merger, also known as a reverse takeover or reverse IPO, is a simpler and time-shorter method for private companies to go public than common IPO. In a reverse merger, investors of the private company plan to purchase and obtain the major shares of a public shell company, which is then merged with their own investing private company. In order to consummate
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their expansion operations. The options that will be discussed are; going public through an IPO, acquiring another company in the same industry, and a merger with another organization. We then will show the strengths and weaknesses to each approach, the opportunities of each approach, the threats of each approach and the financial implications. In conclusion we will discuss our recommendation. IPO, Acquisition, or Merger: Why Each Would Work There are three viable options for Kudler
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company behind these products, Apple Incorporated (Inc.) has lead the way in computer innovation. Since Apple released its initial public offering (IPO) in 1980, the company has thrived in all aspects of its business and breaking records on the stock market. This paper will discuss Apple’s company background, analyze the implementation and evaluation of its IPO, and conclude with the reason behind Apple was chosen. Company Background Before becoming the largest technological company in the world
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ISSUE MANAGER REPUTATION, UNDERPRICING LONGAND LONG-RUN PERFORMANCE OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS: EVIDENCE FROM THE SINGAPORE IPO MARKET VOON PEIJUN (Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE (BUSINESS) DEPART DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my warmest gratitude to Professor Michael Shih for his patient guidance and encouragement all this
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Why Has IPO Underpricing Increased Over Time? Tim Loughran University of Notre Dame P.O. Box 399 Notre Dame IN 46556-0399 219.631.8432 voice Loughran.9@nd.edu and Jay R. Ritter University of Florida P.O. Box 117168 Gainesville FL 32611-7168 352.846.2837 voice ritter@dale.cba.ufl.edu http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/ritter March 18, 2002 We wish to thank Hsuan-Chi Chen, Craig Dunbar, Todd Houge, Josh Lerner, Alexander Ljungqvist, Donghang Zhang, two anonymous referees, and seminar participants
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IPO project: Throughout the semester, I will assign several component parts of a research project regarding a company that recently went public via an IPO. The objective of this project is to integrate the various parts of the course and to see how the concepts apply in practice. The project can be either an individual project or group project (no more than three to a group, but all members of the group must contribute). Please select a company that had an IPO sometime in 2014, preferably one
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public offering (IPO). Formula One’s IPO never took place. During this same time period the European Union began an antitrust investigation, claiming the FIA had exercised monopoly power by giving one company exclusive broadcasting rights. Considering so much of F1’s profits come from TV revenue, Ecclestone had to cancel the IPO due to the pending legal case and instead opted for a bond issuance that raised $1.4 billion for his family trust. Taking a company public through the IPO process or financing
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