arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based. The basic sources of evidence are knowledge of the business and industry, analytical procedures, tests of controls, and direct tests of account balances and transactions. The auditor must decide how much evidence is needed (extent), what kind of evidence is needed (nature), and when to gather the evidence (timing). The assertions form the framework for gathering sufficient, competent audit evidence as required by the professional standards
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the Boeing Company announced plans to build a new “super-efficient” commercial jet called the “7E7” or “Dreamliner.” This was a “bet the farm” gamble by Boeing, similar in magnitude to its earlier introductions of the 747 and 777 airliners. The technological superiority of the new airframe, as well as the fact that it would penetrate a rapidly growing market segment, were arguments for approval of the project. On the other hand, the current market for commercial airplanes was depressed because of
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purchasing a product or service. However, this might not be the case. Not every consumer passed through all these stages when making a decision to purchase and in fact, some of the stages can be skipped depending on the type of purchases. The reasons for the study of consumer’s helps firms and organizations improve their marketing strategies by understanding issues such as: • The psychology of how consumers think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g., brands, products); •
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component of a firm’s information system, includes budgets, data on the costs of each product and current inventory and periodic financial reports. Internal accounting systems serve two purposes: v Provide some of the knowledge necessary for planning and decision making; v Help motivate and monitor people in organizations (control). The most basic control use of accounting is to prevent fraud and embezzlement. Design and use of cost systems An internal accounting system should have the following characteristics:
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Risk and Return in a Customer Portfolio Marketing managers can increase shareholder value by structuring a customer portfolio to reduce the vulnerability and volatility of cash flows. This article demonstrates how financial portfolio theory provides an organizing framework for (1) diagnosing the variability in a customer portfolio, (2) assessing the complementarity/similarity of market segments, (3) exploring market segment weights in an optimized portfolio, and (4) isolating the reward on variability
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out his office window toward downtown Indianapolis. He was contemplating the future commercialization path for Lilly’s new, potential blockbuster drug, Evista®, which had received FDA approval on December 9, 1997, for the prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Evista®, generically known as raloxifene hydrochloride, would be entering the estrogen replacement market, a market that had worldwide sales in excess of $1 billion in 1997.[1] Of even wider significance was the fact that in
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you must make certain choices. You'll probably spend part of your money on rent, electricity, and food. Then you might use the rest to go to the movies and/or buy a new pair of jeans. Economists, interested in the choices you make, inquire into why, for instance, you might chose to spend your money on a new DVD player instead of a replacing your old TV. They would want to know whether you would still buy a carton of cigarettes if prices increased by $2 per pack. The underlying essence of economics is
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marketing plan of the company Wells Fargo. The first half of the report covers the company background by finding information about it, its competition, and the environment to see how the company stands. The second half of the report deals with a new product, tax preparation, and how it will be implemented into Wells Fargo. When analyzing the company, we found that it is viewed as the largest bank in the United States by physical size. The company have “2000” child companies and their advertising
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computer companies were introducing ever-more powerful hardware for more sophisticated uses. Today they emphasize mini and microcomputers and software. It is not even necessary to take a ten-year-period to show the rapid obsolescence of marketing strategies. The growth economy of 1950-1970 has been superseded by a volatile economy which produces new strategic surprises almost monthly. Competitors launch new products, customers switch their business, distributors lose their effectiveness, advertising
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the product 2.Deduct a target profit margin fro the target price to determine the target cost 3. Estimate the actual cost of the product 4.If estimated actual cost exceeds the target cost , investigate ways of driving down the actual cost to the target cost 43. Target costing-Continues Customer oriented approach Used by Japanese copanies and recently adopted by Europe and the USA. Recently call canters are trying to adopt this as Indian currency strengthened. 44. Procedures: 1.Market research
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