computer as “a general purpose machine that processes data according to a set of instructions that are stored internally either temporarily or permanently.” The computer and all equipment attached to it are called hardware. The instructions that tell it what to do are called "software" or “program”. A program is a detailed set of humanly prepared
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decisions that represent “what if we do this to try to sell branded pairs in this region.” The numbers already in these columns when you first come to the screen are the decisions your company made last year and represent the competitive marketing effort your company employed to achieve last year’s branded sales volumes and market shares in each geographic region. • Your entries in the four columns headed “Your Estimate of the Industry Average” represent your best “guestimates” of what level of competitive
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the rush to build Internet businesses, many executives concentrate all their attention on attracting customers rather than retaining them. That's a mistake. The unique economics of e-business make customer loyalty more important than ever. by Frederick F. Reichheld and Phil Schefter L OYALTY MAY NOT BE THE FIRST * idea that pops into your head when you think ahout electronic commerce. After all, what relevance could such a quaint, oldfashioned notion hold for a world in which customers
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movement of goods through channels. Business –to-consumer marketing uses consumer channels; business-to-business marketing employs industrial channels to deliver products to manufacturers or other types of organizations. Peer-to-peer marketing via the Internet is another channel. Distributors and agents are key intermediaries in both channel types. Channel decisions are difficult to manage globally because of the variation in channel structures from country to country. Marketing channels can create place
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they compete on the basics of price and technology against the potential outcomes of such competition (Hitt). Walmart is known for its ability to continuously reduce its costs, creating value for their customers. Walmart’s ability to stay on top makes competitors like Target hesitate to compete against them strictly on the basis of costs and prices that will affect customers buying habits. Walmart has used the cost leadership strategy since they opened their business. It all started with a simple
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its positive effects on society and reduce it negative effects through the way they manage brands, marketing strategy, positioning strategies and how they market to their consumers while striving for prosperity. How Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola Company does advances and manages its brand? According to Ahmet, C Bozer, president of the Coca-Cola Company’s Eurasia and Africa Group, states in the article, “How Coca-Cola Manages 90 Emerging Markets” that Coca Cola advances and manages its brand by finding
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Bangladesh Insurance Industry K.M. Mortuza Ali* Globalization means the breakdown of boundaries. Every country rich or poor would have access to the markets of other country. As a matter of right, the rich will have access to the markets of the poor and the poor countries would have access to the markets of the rich. This sounds quite fair as it will be a borderless world. Everyone will be equal citizens of the globe. But what is apprehended by many that this might lead to loss of the independence
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. Unit 3 Kaplan University IT530 Professor Jeffrey Robinson August 20, 2013 Abstract In this discussion we look at some of the history around frame-relay. We then look at some of the equipment necessary to create the frame relay connections, as well as how the connections work both logically and physically. Some limiting factors are discussed as well as committed information rates, burst rates, an error handling. Some of the positive aspects of frame-relay
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Strategy & Technology a gallaugher.com chapter provided free to faculty & students for non-commercial use © Copyright 1997-2008, John M. Gallaugher, Ph.D. – for more info see: http://www.gallaugher.com/chapters.html Last modified: Sept. 13, 2008 Note: this is an earlier version of the chapter. All chapters updated after July 2009 are now hosted (and still free) at http://www.flatworldknowledge.com. For details see the ‘Courseware’ section of http://gallaugher.com INTRODUCTION Managers
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must be added in large increments, if fixed costs or exit barriers are high, or if competitors have high stakes in staying in the segment. These conditions will lead to frequent price wars, advertising battles, and new-product introductions and will make it expensive to compete. 2. Threat of new entrants -The most attractive segment is one in which entry barriers are high and exit barriers are low." Few new firms can enter the industry, and poorly performing firms can easily exit. When both entry
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