...Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 2011, Vol. 43, No. 3, 195–202 © 2011 Canadian Psychological Association 0008-400X/11/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0022697 The Impact of Schooling on Academic Achievement: Evidence From Homeschooled and Traditionally Schooled Students Sandra Martin-Chang Concordia University and Mount Allison University Odette N. Gould and Reanne E. Meuse Mount Allison University Although homeschooling is growing in prevalence, its educational outcomes remain unclear. The present study compared the academic achievements of homeschooled children with children attending traditional public school. When the homeschooled group was divided into those who were taught from organized lesson plans (structured homeschoolers) and those who were not (unstructured homeschoolers), the data showed that structured homeschooled children achieved higher standardized scores compared with children attending public school. Exploratory analyses also suggest that the unstructured homeschoolers are achieving the lowest standardized scores across the 3 groups. Keywords: curriculum, education, homeschooling, reading, unschooling The number of children being homeschooled in North America is growing at an unprecedented rate (Arai, 2000; Barwegen, Falciani, Putman, Reamer, & Stair, 2004; Brady, 2005; Cai, Reeve, & Robinson, 2002; Jones & Gloeckner, 2004a, 2004b; Ray, 2010). In the United States, best estimates place the homeschooling population above 1.5 million children (National...
Words: 7669 - Pages: 31
...The Effect of Videogames on Student Achievement BY JONATHAN CRATON Introduction In the past few decades, interactive electronic media has grown from virtual non-existence to one of the primary means of entertainment for college students. In more recent years, the Internet has completely changed the landscape of electronic media from something individual and static into something with the potential to be interactive and social. This article examines the effects of increased student usage of traditional video games as well as online games. The demographics of the typical game player will be examined along with effects on the individual development and sociological perceptions. This article will also look at the potential education utility of video games and the effect of games on student engagement and social development. The College Gamer Recent data from UCLA’s Higher Education Research Institute provides useful information about video game usage on college campuses. The data show that most college students have played video games, many play them regularly, and a small percentage use them as a primary means of entertainment and leisure. In the 2009 Freshman Survey, around 1% of respondents admitted to playing over 20 hours of videogames per week. Over 35% of the respondents stated that they play at least one hour per week. There is an enormous gender disparity in the amount of time spend on videogames. While less than 1 in 50 incoming freshmen women played more than 10...
Words: 2766 - Pages: 12
...Resilience Today, everyone have a strongly willing to be a successful person no matter in which area such as business, communities, study and family life. Although people can find lots of method to achieve the goal, there still are some characters should be aware and conscious cultivation if people want to better integrate with varied of fields. Resilience as a vital role to play in our life and it consist with different kinds of factors. In this essay, it will divide into three parts to discuss four important characters of resilience, including hardiness, adaptability, recovery and flexibility. Besides, in these four parts, it will also present these components how positive connect with communities, organizations, business or individual life. Hardiness Winston Churchill said that “success is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm.” It is a good explain and describe for the word, hardiness. Maddi (2013, p. 7) states hardiness can be as a channel to resilience when face the stress and resilience always as a component to keep individual performance and health no matter in psychological or physiological when they under the pressure environment. It is clear that hardiness has strongly connection with resilience and it is an important factor in our life. White, Absher & Huggins point out hardiness can help people to deal with the transforms from circumstance with high stressful level into less-stressful life events like activity of organization and business...
Words: 2178 - Pages: 9
...SYSTEMS THINKING APPROACH AS A UNIQUE TOOL FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: A CASE STUDY IN THE CAT BA BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF VIETNAM Thanh Van Mai Bosch O.J.H School of Integrative Systems, The University of Queensland, QLD 4343, Australia Corresponding author (thanh.mai@uqconnect.edu.au) ABSTRACT Tourism is not simply an industry, but is an open, dynamic and complex system. The system consists of many interacting components and involves many different stakeholders. The development of tourism in a sustainable way impinges on and is subject to many factors. The limitation of traditional approaches to tourism research has become evidently in many cases. These approaches have usually looked at a particular issue or issues of the whole tourism picture. As a result, it has become difficult to manage tourism toward sustainability. This paper provides an overview of the systems thinking approach and its application in the study of the tourism system in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve of Vietnam. This study shows that systems thinking has proved to be an effective and powerful tool to explain the complexities of the tourism system. It has helped to simplify, clarify and integrate isolated problems associated with the industry, and provided a mechanism for group learning and decision making to achieve desirable outcomes. The paper proposes systems thinking be used as an appropriate tool for sustainable tourism development. Key words: complexity, dynamics, sustainability, systems thinking...
Words: 5250 - Pages: 21
...iTHE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS Module prepared for CIAO By Richard Ned Lebow August 2000 The Cuban missile crisis of October 1962 is generally regarded as the most serious military confrontation of the Cold War. American destroyers deployed along a picket line to intercept Soviet ships transporting missiles and nuclear warheads to Cuba while American air, ground and naval forces prepared for air strikes against Soviet missile sites under construction in Cuba and a follow-up invasion. The Strategic Air Command was put on an unprecedented state of alert – “DEFCON II,” only one step away from “war is imminent.” On Saturday morning,October 27, President Kennedy and his advisors were pessimistic about their ability to preserve the peace. Robert Kennedy, the President’s brother and Attorney General of the U.S., had “the feeling that the noose was tightening on all of us, on Americans, on mankind, and that the bridges to escape were crumbling.”1 In Moscow, the tension was “phenomenal.” On Sunday morning, General Secretary Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev and his advisors worried “that Kennedy intended to declare war, to launch an attack” against the Soviet Union.2 That same day, the two leaders reached an accommodation that, in retrospect, turned out to be one of the key turning points of the Cold War. 1 OVERVIEW The “Caribbean crisis,” as it was known in the former Soviet Union, was attributed to the Kennedy administration’s unwillingness to accept the status quo in Cuba. Unalterably...
Words: 7837 - Pages: 32
...Psychophysiology, 51 (2014), 645–657. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Printed in the USA. Copyright © 2014 Society for Psychophysiological Research DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12209 Dissociable effects of psychopathic traits on cortical and subcortical visual pathways during facial emotion processing: An ERP study on the N170 PEDRO R. ALMEIDA,a,b FERNANDO FERREIRA-SANTOS,a JOANA B. VIEIRA,a,c PEDRO S. MOREIRA,a,b FERNANDO BARBOSA,a and JOÃO MARQUES-TEIXEIRAa a Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal School of Criminology, Faculty of Law, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal b c Abstract This study examined the relation between psychopathic traits and the brain response to facial emotion by analyzing the N170 component of the ERP. Fifty-four healthy participants were assessed for psychopathic traits and exposed to images of emotional and neutral faces with varying spatial frequency content. The N170 was modulated by the emotional expressions, irrespective of psychopathic traits. Fearless dominance was associated with a reduced N170, driven by the low spatial frequency components of the stimuli, and dependent on the tectopulvinar visual pathway. Conversely, coldheartedness was related to overall enhanced N170, suggesting mediation by geniculostriate processing. Results suggest that different dimensions of psychopathy are related...
Words: 11166 - Pages: 45
...2013 IEEE International Multi-Disciplinary Conference on Cognitive Methods in Situation Awareness and Decision Support (CogSIMA), San Diego User assistance by situational, task- and model-based process information filtering in interactive, semi-automated human-automation systems Marcel Langer and Dirk S¨ ffker o Chair of Dynamics and Control University of Duisburg-Essen Duisburg, Germany Email: {marcel.langer; soeffker}@uni-due.de Abstract operators representing (human or technical) actions. Tasks are described by defining final situations that need to be reached and process information are fused to a situation vector representing the actual state of the entire system. Suitable information is identified by comparison of differences in future situations and used for the detection of valuable information with respect to the defined (sub)task. The hierarchical task analysis [4] of a semi-automated molding process using No-Bake-Technique is additional discussed as an illustrative application example that is completely mapped into the SOM-framework. Furthermore, the results of a user study of selected functionality of the developed process guiding and supervision assistance system are presented. Nowadays, the integration of users into technical systems becomes necessary due to reasons of automation concepts that are not capable of completely integrating process knowledge and manufacturing skills for full automation of technical processes. In such interactive, semi-automated systems human...
Words: 5143 - Pages: 21
...This article was downloaded by:[UNISA University of South Africa] On: 3 October 2007 Access Details: [subscription number 780765665] Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Construction Management and Economics Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713664979 Project management competence in public sector infrastructure organisations Pantaleo Mutajwaa Daniel Rwelamila a a Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, UNISA 0003, South Africa Online Publication Date: 01 January 2007 To cite this Article: Rwelamila, Pantaleo Mutajwaa Daniel (2007) 'Project management competence in public sector infrastructure organisations', Construction Management and Economics, 25:1, 55 - 66 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/01446190601099210 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190601099210 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.informaworld.com/terms-and-conditions-of-access.pdf This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or...
Words: 8487 - Pages: 34
...recommendations will be given on ways to incorporate diversity training into an organization, and the potential outcomes that it brings to an organization. Introduction People differ in many aspects of their lives. We differ in race, color, sex, religious beliefs and origin to name a few. These diverse characteristics are what make us so unique from one another. Some people see diversity as an opportunity to learn and grow from other people, but others see it as a hindrance, which should be eliminated. Discrimination is defined as treatment or consideration, or making a distinction in favor of or against a person or thing, based on class or category rather than individual merit (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination). In most cases discrimination is negative behavior displayed to somebody because of their differences. It has been around for many years and occurs in all areas of life, including the workplace. As the working...
Words: 3679 - Pages: 15
...Collaboration to Build Healthier Communities A Report for the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build a Healthier America Wilder Research Wilder Research Wilder Research Report prepared for the RWJF Commission to Build a Healthier America by Paul W. Mattessich, Ph.D. Wilder Research Saint Paul, Minnesota Ela J. Rausch, M.P . .P Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Minneapolis, Minnesota With support from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation June 2013 Creating Healthy Communities Cross-sector partnerships are sparking widespread action to improve community health COATESVILLE , PA SEATTLE, WA Access to healthy foods Access to preventative care and healthy housing LOS ANGELES , CA Quality early child care and education CHICAGO, IL Data and evidence to build health into all policies and practices MIAMI , FL Opportunities for physical activity and healthy living health community development • community development finance • community planning • early child care/education • human services • housing Introduction “ Building a healthier America is feasible in years, not decades, if we collaborate and act on what is making a difference.” —Robert Wood Johnson Foundation In 2008, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation convened a commission of nonpartisan leaders to identify opportunities to improve the health of all Americans by creating environments that protect and actively promote health. Their report, Beyond Health Care:...
Words: 10523 - Pages: 43
...APA FORMATTING AND STYLE GUIDE by University of Malaya Library (UML) Title General Rules Content Single Author Two Authors Three to Six Authors More Than Six Authors Author - Malay Names (without family names) Author - Chinese Names Author - Chinese Names with English Names Author - Indian & Sikh Names (without family names) Inherited Names Conferred titles Local Government Institution as Author Foreign Government Institution as Author Unique Corporate Body Names Organization as Author Conference Names with Numbers Unknown Author Page 1-2 Reference List : Book Basic Format for Books Edited Book, No Author Edited Book with an Author or Authors A Translation Edition Other Than the First Article or Chapter in an Edited Book Multivolume Work Reference List : Articles in Periodicals Basic Form Article in Journal Paginated by Volume Article in Journal Paginated by Issue Article in a Magazine Article in a Newspaper Letter to the Editor Review Reference List : Other Print Sources An Entry in an Encyclopedia Work Discussed in a Secondary Source Dissertation Abstract Government Document Report from a Private Organization Conference Proceedings Published Conference Paper Unpublished Conference Paper Academic Exercise / Thesis (Unpublished) 3 4 5-6 i Title Content Page 7-8 Reference List : Electronic Sources Article From an Online Periodical Online Scholarly Journal Article Online Scholarly Journal Article with Printed Version Available Article...
Words: 3418 - Pages: 14
... Copyright © 2005 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Feeling Creative, Being Creative: An Empirical Study of Diversity and Creativity in Teams Terri R. Kurtzberg Rutgers University ABSTRACT: Two empirical studies explored objectively measured creative fluency and subjectively perceived creativity in cognitively diverse teams. Results indicate that cognitive diversity may be beneficial for objective functioning but may damage team satisfaction, affect, and members’impressions of their creative performance. Subjective ratings diverged greatly from more objective measures and were more closely related to affective measures. The overall findings present creativity as a complex multidimensional construct, and cognitive diversity as an important predictor of both team emotions and outcomes. Arguments are presented for the value of subjectively perceived creativity, even in the absence of more concrete performance in the immediate time period. The concept of creativity spans a multitude of domains from art to science to literature to business and beyond (e.g. Stumpf, 1995; Tang & Leonard, 1985; Williams & Yang, 1999). Even within any one context, researchers have long recognized that creativity can refer to person, process, product, or environmental response (Rhodes, 1961). At one count, there were well over 50 definitions to be found on this ever-expanding list (Taylor, 1988). It is easy to understand, given this wide scope, why organizations often have a difficult time capturing...
Words: 10215 - Pages: 41
...Detrimental Effects of Reward Reality or Myth? Robert Eisenberger Judy Cameron University of Delaware University of Alberta Based on seemingly overwhelming empirical evidence of the decremental effects of reward on intrinsic task interest and creativity, the use of reward to alter human behavior has been challenged in literature reviews, textbooks, and the popular media. An analysis of a quarter century of research on intrinsic task interest and creativity revealed, however, that (a) detrimental effects of reward occur under highly restricted, easily avoidable conditions," (b) mechanisms of instrumental and classical conditioning are basicfor understanding incremental and decremental effects of reward on task motivation; and (c) positive effects of reward on generalized creativity are easily attainable using procedures derived from behavior theory. bservers of American culture have long noted a Istrong emphasis on individualistic values, including taking responsibility for one's own actions, pursuing personal interests, and exploring one's creative potential (e.g., Badia, 1990; Huber, 1971; Tocqueville, 1840/1990). Consistent with the c o m m o n presumption that individuals function most effectively and happily when they are guiding their own behavior (see Geller, 1982; Hogan, 1975), an increasingly dominant view has developed over the past quarter century contending that the strengthening of performance by reward (reinforcement) causes the unpleasant experience of...
Words: 11422 - Pages: 46
...Click here to download the solutions manual / test bank INSTANTLY!! http://testbanksolutionsmanual.blogspot.com/2011/02/accounting-information-systems-romney.html ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney Steinbart 11th Edition Solutions Manual Accounting Information Systems Romney Steinbart 11th Edition Solutions Manual ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ***THIS IS NOT THE ACTUAL BOOK. YOU ARE BUYING the Solution Manual in e-version of the following book*** Name: Accounting Information Systems Author: Romney Steinbart Edition: 11th ISBN-10: 0136015182 Type: Solutions Manual - The file contains solutions and questions to all chapters and all questions. All the files are carefully checked and accuracy is ensured. - The file is either in .doc, .pdf, excel, or zipped in the package and can easily be read on PCs and Macs. - Delivery is INSTANT. You can download the files IMMEDIATELY once payment is done. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us. Our response is the fastest. All questions will always be answered in 6...
Words: 18533 - Pages: 75
...AND VICTOR V. MURRAY York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, Canada Despite recent and growing interest in organizational politics, conceptual thought in this area tends to be dominated by a single theoretical perspective. In this paper we describe and contrast three views of organizational politics (functionalist, interpretive and radical) according to their differing structures, processes and outcomes. Each view, or lens, directs attention to some aspects of politics and away from others, and each has strengths and weaknesses embedded in it. In order to assess whether multiple perspectives on politics can be fruitfully applied simultaneously, we describe and analyze a case of a hospital administration engaged in budgeting games and illusion making. The data for the case were collected using naturalistic inquiry and multiple methods including structured and unstructured interviews, review of documents, observation of meetings and casual interaction facilitated by frequent visits over a ten-month period. The case revolves around the hospital administrators' attempts to deal with what they termed a "disastrous deficit" and the most serious financial situation in the hospital's history. Strategies for dealing with the funding agency and board of directors included the management of meaning and communications about the term "deficit." The three perspectives on organizational politics highlight different dynamics in the case. The interpretive perspective...
Words: 12371 - Pages: 50
