...SPE 135734 Difference Between Traditional and Risk Based Auditing Danny Spadaccini, Weatherford International Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Florence, Italy, 19–22 September 2010. This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright. Abstract Auditors are trained to make detailed examinations of the internal control systems such as ISO 9001, ISO 29001, ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001, API, accounting systems and various legislative requirements and; focus their audit planning, testing, and reporting on internal controls in the business process. The Evaluation of controls without first examining the purpose of the business process and its risks provides no context for the results...
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...All Roads Lead to Rome: Roads in the Roman Empire An ancient proverb says all roads lead to Rome. Today this expression has come to mean that there are many routes that can lead a person to the same place. However in ancient times the adage was more meant literally than not. Over the course of its history, the Roman Empire built a network of roads unprecedented in the ancient world. Approximately fifty thousand miles of roads spanned the Italian Peninsula at the height of the Roman Empire. This impressive road system spread Roman; legions, culture, and influence throughout the known world. With its military and economic might Rome had become the hub of commerce, politics, and culture in the Mediterranean. The crowning achievement of this dominance in the ancient world was the Empires public works; the greatest of these was the road system. These roads enabled economic growth, civilian transportation, and communication; but most importantly they allowed Rome’s armies unprecedented mobility and essentially helped to solidify Rome’s control over its empire. Roman roads were essential to the maintenance and development of the Roman state. With Rome’s founding came the beginning of an organized road system on the Italian peninsula. This early road system would facilitate the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and later Empire. Roads provided an effective way to move large armies, officials and civilians, quickly on land as well as official communications and trade...
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...are Tesco plc which is a profitable national organization and Mid Kent college which is a national not for profit organization. In order for employees working within Tesco's to be aware of what authority to answer to or what position they are in, there is a organization structure placed. An organizational structure is a visual presentation that shows how each of the workers within a business are organized and relate to each other as well as, who has authority over each division of work and the role that each worker has. There are various types of organizational structures such as: * Hierarchal Structure: A hierarchal structure has a layer format where people in the higher layers have more authority than those in the lower layers. * Horizontal/flat structure: A flat structure has fewer layers and more people are allocated to each layer, decision making is mainly done in groups. * Matrix structure: collects groups of people with certain skills for specific projects. Tesco has a Hierarchal structure, below is Tesco's organizational structure: Below is a list of Tesco's functional areas and jobs within each division: * Head Office * Customer Service * Finance * ICT...
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...moisture. If not, it leads to failure of pavement. Normally, pavement fails due to the reasons such as structural, functional, or materials failure, or a combination of these. But in the study area, it is observed that, the pavement failure is under the category of structural failure. To overcome this failure, it needs to improve the sub grade soil bearing capacity. In this project Synthetic Non-woven geotextiles (GT) were placed at different depth of soil and the improvement in soil bearing capacity are checked by CBR and UCC test. From this study, single layer of GT introduced at the centre (mid depth) shows better performance than those samples with the GT layer at other depth. 1. INTRODUCTION In Sivakasi-Sattur State Highway-187 (SH-187), the sub grade consists of High Plasticity Inorganic Clay (CH). Because of its high swelling and shrinkage characteristics, the soil has been a challenge to the highway engineers. The soil is very hard when dry, but loses its strength completely when in wet condition. Due to the alternate wetting and drying process, vertical movement takes place in the soil mass. All these movements lead to failure of pavement, in the...
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...project civil scope involves the construction of: 1. 11.4 km of new rail line 2. There are seven underbridges to carry the rail line over the road 3. There are 5 over bridges to carry the rail line under the road. 4. 23 box culvert crossings 5. 2 stations 6. 1 stabling yard that holds 20 train sets (cars each) 7. 1 million cubic metres of cut fill earthworks 8. Retaining walls and soil nail walls to the cut areas 9. … cubic metres of concrete 10. …. Tonnes of reinforcing steel 11. An overhead viaduct 600m long at Cowpasture Rd. The work force currently employed directly on site by John Holland is 210 be engineers, supervisor and direct workforce. There are approximately a further 800 workforce employed by the subcontractors carrying out the works. There were also some 200 designers, engineers and draughts people involved in the design work. 3. Works In the following I have selected some of the work activities viewed on the...
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...Creation of Silicon Chips D'yara L.Williams South Carolina State University CS 304 - Introduction to Computer Organizatikns & Architecture Dr. Y. Kim Feburary 25, 2015 Did you know that microprocessors today have more than 30 layers of complex circuits compared to the 5 layered circuit discovered in 1971? Silicon chips are also known as a monolithic integrated circuits, die, or processors. They’re miniature electronic brains that are everywhere in the electronic world, which processes data in the form of electrical currents traveling along a circuit. The natural semi-conductor of integrated chips is manufactured using sand. Beach sand contains a high percentage of the principal ingredient, silica or silicon dioxide, the most abundant element on earth besides oxygen. The process of making silicon chips is called fabrication. A wafer is a thin silicon disk sliced from a cylindrical ingot that is used as the principal ingredient for building integrated circuits. The creation of silicon chips is processed by ensuring product specifications, architectural specifications, creating a logic design, compose a physical representation and finalizations. However, engineers experience a problem with desiring to make electronic devices simpler but more powerful. Although the first computers came about before its invention, the silicon microprocessor is the advancement that made the modern computer era explode. The ability to create a microelectric...
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...Lecture 1 Introduction to Semiconductor Devices Reading: Notes and Anderson2 Chapters 1.1-1.3, 1.7-1.9 Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Atoms to Operational Amplifiers •The goal of this course is to teach the fundamentals of non-linear circuit elements including diodes, LEDs, LASER diodes, transistors (BJT and FET) , and advanced device concepts such as microwave compound semiconductors and state of the art devices. •Due to the diverse coverage from various professors for ECE3040, you will repeat (for some) some of the material from 3040. Specifically, you will learn about the fundamentals of electron movement in semiconductor materials and develop this basic knowledge of how we can construct devices from these materials that can control the flow of electrons and light in useful ways. Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Market Study Silicon is and will for a very long time be the dominant material used for electronics. However, MANY up and coming materials are slowly eating into silicon’s dominance. Compound semiconductors Compound semiconductors Organic and compound semiconductors Georgia Tech ECE 3080 - Dr. Alan Doolittle Devices we will study Bold indicates devices covered in depth in ECE 3040 P-N diode, heterojunction diodes, ballistic diodes, Schottky barrier diodes, Metal-Semiconductor Contacts, LEDs, Lasers, Solar Cells, Photodetectors, BJT, HBT, MOSFET, MESFET, JFET, Polarization Based Devices (III-Nitrides HEMTs...
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...infrastructure scalability, operational continuity, and transport flexibility. They are service provider switches that aggregate traffic at the edge of the network. They are cloud-managed access switches that enable virtual stacking of switches. They are campus LAN switches that perform the same functions as Cisco 2960 switches. _______________________________________________________________ 3 Which statement describes a characteristic of Cisco Catalyst 2960 switches? They are best used as distribution layer switches. They are modular switches. New Cisco Catalyst 2960-C switches support PoE pass-through. They do not support an active switched virtual interface (SVI) with IOS versions prior to 15.x. _______________________________________________________________ 4 What are two functions of a router? (Choose two.) It manages the VLAN database. It increases the size of the broadcast domain. It determines the best path to send packets. It controls the flow of data via the use of Layer 2 addresses. It connects multiple IP networks. _______________________________________________________________ 5 Which technology is required when switched networks are designed to include redundant links? link aggregation virtual private networks virtual LANs Spanning Tree Protocol _______________________________________________________________ 6 What is a characteristic of in-band device management? It is used to monitor and make configuration...
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...converters to control the smoke emitted from heavy equipment such as forklifts that used unleaded gasoline. It started the birth of catalytic converters for cars that used gasoline to keep them moving. The invention of these converters paved the way for the French engineer to be awarded the patent by the United States government to produce them for manufacturers and refineries. Although the inception of converters started 5 years later after World War II, but its popularity was not really that known. Perhaps the reason why it did not become famous because of the lack of environmental consciousness from the community and even from legislators until such time came when the air pollution became intolerable and resulted to the destruction of the ozone layer. Because of the holes created by the harmful chemicals from smoke to the ozone layer, it has triggered the flooding of some areas in the world as the snow from the North Pole started to melt down. When the United States and European governments enacted a law that obligated those concerned industries, the use of catalytic converters became mandatory. The development of catalytic converters became widespread when the duo of John J. Mooney and Carl D. Keith, both resident engineers of Engelhard Corporation developed a more advanced converters that started the mass production of its kind in the early 70’s. Not long after Dr. William C. Pfefferle created a unique catalytic combustor intended for gas turbines in coal and geothermal refineries...
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...128W1A05F3 Q1. A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of length "M" bytes. At each layer, an "H"-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers? ANS: Message length = M bytes Header length = H bytes Protocol layers = n Header bytes per packet = aH Total bytes per packet = M+aH Fraction of bandwidth filled with header= aH / ( M+aH) If the packets were fragmented it would result in a larger fraction of the bandwidth filled with header information since fragments would have to replicate header information. So this extra header information would increase message overhead. Q2. Research the terms IEEE, IAB, IETF, IRTF, ANSI, EIA, RFC and describe their importance ANS: IAB (The Internet Architecture Board): It is the Internet Society overseer of the technical evolution of the Internet. The IAB supervises the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which oversees the evolution of TCP/IP, and the Internet Research Task Force ( IRTF ),which works on network technology. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): It was formed in 1963 when AIEE merged with IRE. IEEE is an organization composed of engineers, scientists, and students. The IEEE is best known for developing standards for the computer and electronics industry. In particular, the...
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...NASCAR: Lessons Learned About Safety By Kai McLemore Columbia Southern University MOS 5101 Abstract The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) seems to always be a few steps behind when it comes to initiating safety practices. They wait until there is a reason in implementing a change. This paper covers the changes that has been mandated over the past decade and why these changes have occurred. Changes ere not just to the car but includes the whole NASCAR package. Changes were made to the car, the track, the driver’s gear, and pit road. Unfortunately, these changes were too late for some of NASCAR’s most legendary drivers, to include Dale Earnhardt. However, NASCAR officials have attempted to rectify their wrongs by ensuring the safety of the driver over the past 10 years. One can hope that they do not stop there and continue to look towards the future and they can continue to improve with the increase of changes to machine and man. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) has been an exhilarating sport since the mid 1940s, and has thousands of spectators at each race cheering for their favorite driver. But then again, what other sport can be as exciting as watching an extremely super fast car that weighs approximately 3,400 pounds (Online NASCAR, 2010) bulleting around a track at speeds ranging close to 200 mph and merely inches from each other. Unfortunately, there are downsides to this sport which keeps every fan, spouse...
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...Part 1: Historical and Societal influences of Flight a. 1884-1892 Known as a gentlemen inventor, Lawrence Hargrave, was the first Australian to design monoplane wing designed aircraft. Hargrave based his inventing by ‘following the footsteps of nature’ inspired by the motion of fish, snakes and birds. 1893, 1894 Hargrave invent the box kite and following year in 1894 he flies for a short period using a ‘train’ of four box kites. 1910 The first powered, control flight is demonstrated by a visiting Harry Houdini in Victoria and again at Rosehill in Sydney. 1912-17 In 1912 the Australian Flying Corps, AFC, in 1912 led the path aircraft for military purposes. The aircrafts were applied in 1914 and again in 1916 for war purposes. In 1916 the importance of aircraft was realised and the NSW Aviation School was formed to train civil and military aircraft, located at Richmond. Post war saw the aircrafts as a form of transport between Sydney and Melbourne in 1917 using a Curtiss Jenny and Caudron G111. 1921 To further advance the power of potential of air power, the Royal Austrlian Air Force, RAAF, was established in 1921. This was mainly to support the struggling aircraft in the military however at the same time a fundamental character, Lt Colonel Oswald Watt advanced the safety and use of civil aircraft. 1930-37 Australia and England led the way for the world of female pilots. Qantas and Royal Flying Doctor Service took advantage of the new transport and the air craft...
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...As a manufacturing engineer , I also in charge on choosing the right material to be use on the car , for the wheels of the car , I decided to use teflon wheels as it is light , strong and helps in reducing during the rotation on the track . we use double ball bearing for each of the wheels. We used the treated ball bearings which we had produce during the innovation. The axle we use is the carbon fibre axle because it is very light . The colour that we use is metallic colour using spray paint . For the finishing process , we smoothen the car with differennt type of smoothness . we use the sandpaper that immersed into the water before sandblasting the car by using a sandpaper . this is to ensure the equal smooth on a surface of the car . After that ,,, the will be coated with a layer of car cement to repair the broken effects during the machining process on a denford CNC machine using my knowledge on CAM . it is used to cover the deformation that happened during the cutting process . NEXT , there will be next layer of of undercoat to coat the car . To ensure the perfect smoothness on the car surface, we sandblsting the car again that covered by the undercoat and to beautify and strenghten the car . It is the last finishing layer of the car before its paint using the pressure spray painting . Then , the car is sprayed by two layer of colour which are pink and thrn black . Lastly . we sprayed the clear layer to make the car surface looks shiny...
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...Building the Burj Khalifa: Main: Chronological order 200 Mechanical, electrical and plumbing: air conditioning (temperature), 300 Safety – (getting everyone out) refuge rooms 300 Elevators– mention of transition from steam to motor and latched systems and electrical brakes and coping with load 100 Spire 100 Maintenance - Broadcast and communications floors, Mechanical Floors Conc: How it has progressed engineering and enabled more (buttress structure). Future plans – The kingdom Tower in Saudi (1km into the sky) Building potential: Space elevator, new arising problems, strength of materials, what that would mean and enable if possible. Throughout history, progression and advancement in technology has fundamentally separated us from our evolutionary antecedents, enabling a life of greater comfort, extravagance and an increased ability to procreate and sustain ourselves. This improvement is especially apparent in the world of architecture and civil engineering, where there has been an unremitting ambition to surpass the existing boundaries, particularly with regards to height. The most renowned early example of a structure where height was key are the Pyramids of Giza where elevation was crucial in order to radiate power and divine authority. The tallest pyramid, standing at 146.5m, was built more than 4500 years ago, and remained the tallest manmade structure for the next 3800 years, until the 1300s when Lincoln Cathedral was built topping it by only 13.5m [1][2]...
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...June 2012 • www.Mojo3Dprinting.com • 10 CASE STUDIES A New Mindset in Product Design 3D printing can help bring better products to market faster By Stratasys Inc. What is 3D printing? The terms “3D printing” and “additive manufacturing” refer to processes that automatically build objects layer by layer from computer data. The technology is already well-used in many sectors including transportation, health care, military and education. Uses include building concept models, functional prototypes, factory tooling (such as molds and robot-arm ends), and even finished goods (such as aircraft internal components). The aerospace and medical industries in particular have developed advanced applications for 3D printing. 3D printing is sometimes referred to as “rapid prototyping,” but this term does not encompass all current uses for the technology. Materials used in 3D printing include resins, plastics and, in some cases, metal. 3D PRINTER Since 3D printing’s inception, system reliability and model quality have increased, resulting in diverse applications. At the same time, prices have gone down to the point where some systems are affordable even for small businesses. In a 2011 report, Wohlers Associates predicted that worldwide annual sales of additive manufacturing systems will reach 15,000 units by 2015 — more than double the 2010 rate. Lower-priced professional systems will drive most of this growth.1 In FDM Technology™, printer software on the user’s Windows network...
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