... Contents 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Rationale of the Research 6 1.2. Aims & Objectives of the Research 7 1.3. Key Research Questions 7 2. Literature Review 9 3. Research Methodology 13 4. Key Findings & Discussion 13 5. Conclusion 16 6. References 16 7. Appendices 16 1. Introduction In this era of globalization, there has been a fundamental change in the way international business is being done. Due to the ease of communication and advances in the sophisticated communication systems more and more companies are becoming global and expanding their operations and creating production facilities away from their home countries. This trend has given rise to today’s Multinational Corporations (MNCs) whose role in the international scene is increasing rapidly. With increased international development and cooperation, the MNCs have been able to create such a network that their budgets, organizational structure and influence on the world trade stage rivals many nations [ (UN Conference Proceedings, 2006) ]. With their immense economic power and strong political connections and the fact that globalization is seen as a “Business driving phenomenon”, MNCs are in a strong position to influence the economies of the countries they operate in [ (Nourafchan, 2011) ]. Today, MNCs not only impact the trade and the economy of the nation in which they operate...
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...Globalization and Culture - John Tomlinson University of Chicago Press: Published 1999 ISBN: 0-226-80768-1 Chapter 1: Globalization and Culture Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture; cultural practices lie at the heart of globalization. This is the reciprocal relationship I shall try to establish in this chapter and explore in the chapters which follow. This is not a reckless claim: it is not to say that globalization is the single determinant of modern cultural experience, nor that culture alone is the conceptual key that unlocks globalization's inner dynamic. It is not, therefore, to claim that the politics and economics of globalization yield to a cultural account which takes conceptual precedence. But it is to maintain that the huge transformative processes of our time that globalization describes cannot be properly understood until they are grasped through the conceptual vocabulary of culture; likewise that these transformations change the very fabric of cultural experience and, indeed, affect our sense of what culture actually is in the modern world. Both globalization and culture are concepts of the highest order of generality and notoriously contested in their meanings. This book certainly does not aim at an exhaustive analysis of either: more modestly it tries to grasp the main elements of globalization in what might be called a cultural register. In this first chapter I offer an orientating understanding of the concept of globalization within this register...
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...Global and Transnational Business: Strategy and Management Second Edition Global and Transnational Business: Strategy and Management Second Edition George Stonehouse Northumbria University David Campbell University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne Jim Hamill University of Strathclyde Tony Purdie Northumbria University Copyright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England Telephone (þ44) 1243 779777 Email (for orders and customer service enquiries): cs-books@wiley.co.uk Visit our Home Page on www.wileyeurope.com or www.wiley.com All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except under the terms of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP, UK, without the permission in writing of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England, or emailed to permreq@wiley.co.uk, or faxed to (þ44) 1243 770620. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services...
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...Language an important factor in multinationals: The impact of language across cross-cultural leadership, management and communication Abstract The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the impact of language on various leadership and management contexts in multinational organizations which operates across different cultures. This paper examines the extent of literature which have focused on the study of language and its impact on activities concerned with leadership and management in multinationals. The main focus being the impact on headquarter and subsidiary communication, knowledge sharing and management contexts, this paper details the literature which suggest that multinationals would be better off by focusing on language and developing language policies which better suit its nature rather than taking language as a granted factor. The objective of this paper is to conclude that language difference across different cultures can no longer be left unattended as its as various implication internally as well as externally for corporations which are operating with different cultures and different languages. Keywords: Language, MNC, multinationals, leadership, management, communication, knowledge sharing, language policy Introduction The growing integration of companies from all around the globe is increasing the race towards a global village. Companies that operate beyond borders are the most influential of them all. Multinational companies are crossing their national...
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...Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The most important goal of virtually all organizations is 1) _______ A) employee development. B) cost reduction. C) increased productivity. D) survival. E) profit. 2) Organization survival is often dependent on how well the organization can adapt. Which of the following behaviours on the part of individuals is necessary for the organization to survive? 2) _______ A) Being innovative. B) Performing their work in terms of productivity, quality, and service. C) Being motivated to join and remain with the organization. D) Being flexible. E) All of the above. 3) Which of the following statements best defines an "organization"? 3) _______ A) A group which accomplishes common goals through social interactions and individual effort. B) A collection of formally organized social entities. C) A social invention for accomplishing common goals through group effort. D) A social convention for accomplishing individual goals through group effort. E) A combination of people and physical capital designed to accomplish a common goal. 4) Organizational behaviour is interested in 4) _______ A) the structure of organizations. B) the formation of groups in organizations. C) the...
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...PRACTICAL - 2 AIM: To explore the food culture in Old Delhi and New Delhi OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand food culture in Old Delhi and New Delhi. 2. To gauge similarities and differences in Old Delhi and New Delhi. 3. To study the impact of globalization on food culture in Delhi. INTRODUCTION A composite view of culture posit that the core of a culture consists in the shared assumptions, beliefs and values that the people of a geographical area acquire over generations. Assumptions, beliefs, values and norms are intermeshed and mutually interactive; they constitute the directional force behind human behaviour, which creates physical artefacts, social institutions, cultural symbols, rituals and myths. The latter in turn reinforce people's beliefs, norms and value systems and thereby enable the society of which they are part, to maintain cultural continuity (Sinha 2004). An essential feature of a culture is that its basic assumptions, beliefs and values are historically derived, traditional worldviews, transmitted from generation to generation. These temporal sociocultural links signify the distinctive achievements of a human group, thereby enabling them. to condition their future actions (Kroeber and Kluckhohn 1951: 181). By implication, culture is adaptive and changing – changing more rapidly and radically at its outer layers – artefacts, institutions and patterns of behaviours – than at its core which is primordial. Major changes in environment compel people to...
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...Group Name- Scholars Name | MBA Serial No. | Md. Gias uddin | 118 | Afroz Shabnam | 133 | Mehedi Hasan Saurav | 134 | Rashed Mahmud Shakil | 154 | Sanjay Bhattacharjee | 161 | Md. Ashraful Haque | 172 | Mst. Suraya Jahan | 179 | Chapter Objectives * Examine how international growth places demands on management and HRM * Identify factors that impact on how managers of internationalizing firms respond to these challenges * We cover the following areas: * Structural responses to international growth: The organizational context in which IHRM activities take place. Different structural arrangement have been identified as the firm moves along the path to international status – from export department through to more complex department such as the matrix, transnational, heterarchy, networked. * Control and coordination mechanisms: Control and Coordination aspects. Formal and informal mechanisms were outlined, with emphasis on control through personal networks and relationships, and control through corporate culture, drawing out HRM implications. * Mode of operation used in various international markets: The various modes-such as wholly owned, franchising, management contracts and international joint ventures- used by multinational for foreign market entry and expansion. Again, we attempted to demonstrate the IHRM implications of the various modes, although noting that most of the literature focuses on wholly owned subsidiaries...
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... Submitted by: Kontinónhstats – The Mohawk Language Custodians 14A Sóse Onahsakenrat (Joseph Swan Road) Kanehsatà:ke, Quebec Canada J0N 1E0 Phone: 450-479-1651 Email: Ellen Gabriel kontinonhstats2@hotmail.com Hilda Nicholas kononkwe@inbox.com Table of Contents Page Executive Summary ………………………………………………………. 3 - 6 Introduction ……………………………………………………………….. 6 – 7 Current Situation ………………………………………………………..... 7 – 9 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………. 9 - 11 Recommendations ……………………………………………………….... 12 End Notes …………………………………………………………………...13 - 14 Annex 1………………………………………………………………………15 -16 Annex 2………………………………………………………………………17 Suggested Questions ………………………………………………………..18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This submission on Indigenous languages, culture and identity demonstrates the manner in which Canada continues to practice institutionalized racial discrimination and assimilation against Indigenous peoples’ human rights and fundamental freedoms through the imposition of their policies and programs which are based upon the archaic legislation of the 1876 Indian Act. According to the ICERD’s definition of “racial discrimination”, racial discrimination is the “…distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, colour, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on...
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...An Overview on Multinational Corporations INTRODUCTION Multinational corporations (MNCs) are firms that engage in some form of international business. Their managers conduct international financial management which involves international investing and financing decisions that are intended to maximize the value of the MNC. Management is motivated to achieve a number of goals and objectives, some of which conflict with each other. However, the commonly accepted objective of an MNC is to maximize stockholder wealth on a global basis, as reflected by stock price. Managers of an MNC may make decisions that conflict with the firm’s goal to maximize shareholder wealth. This conflict of goals between firm’s managers and shareholders’ is often referred to as the agency problem. For the firm to achieve its goals, it needs to put in place mechanism for control of agency problem. MNCs are recognized as the main actors of e international business, international business financing and global economies. According to Goshen and Bartlett, MNC is a firm that has substantial direct investment in foreign countries that it actively manages.2 the value of their sales in host countries overpasses the value of trade (imports and exports) in today’s World economy. Multinational companies attracted scientific and public attention from the moment of their appearance, and especially from the beginning of their intensive growth (during the 1960s). There are many interesting and important issues...
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...8 Creolization in Anthropological Theory and in Mauritius Thomas Hylland Eriksen A great amount of intellectual energy has been invested in cultural mixing during the last decades. Reacting against an idea of boundedness, internal homogeneity, and stability that has been associated with mainstream twentieth-century anthropology, hundreds—possibly thousands—of anthropologists have tried to redefine, reform, revolutionize, or even relinquish that abhorred “C” word—”culture.” The range of engagement is suggested in the apparent congruence between postmodernist American anthropologists (for example, Clifford & Marcus 1986) and their now classic critique of the Geertzian notion of cultural integration, and the older European critique of the structural-functionalist idea of social integration, which was led by people such as Barth (1966), whose rationalism and naturalism is everything but postmodernist. In both cases, presuppositions of integrated wholes, cultures or social structures, have been debunked. From being a discipline concentrating its efforts on understanding nonliterate societies, often implicitly positing the uncontaminated aborigine as its hero, anthropology increasingly studies cultural impurity and hybridity, and the dominant normative discourse in the field has shifted from defending the cultural rights of small peoples to combating essentialism and reifying identity politics. While this development has been important and necessary for a variety of reasons,...
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...Introduction In the past few years many organizations have initiated enterprise-wide/ERP (enterprise resource planning) projects using such packages as SAP, Peoplesoft and Oracle. These projects often represent the single largest investment in an information systems (IS) project in the histories of these companies and, in many cases, the largest single investment in any corporatewide project. These enterprise-wide/ERP projects bring about a host of new questions because they represent a new type of management challenge. The management approaches for these projects may be altogether different from the managerial approaches for traditional management information systems (MIS) projects. Some of these questions and issues are as follows. (1) What are the...
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...of applications have already made their presence felt in this area. This will be followed by a report on the findings of a survey on the present trends in organizations with in the different sectors in Turkey. Although the impact of IT on HRM has long been attracting the interest of academics, no empirical research has ever been realized in this field in Turkey, and few studies have been reported elsewhere. The survey was conducted among the 106 IT managers and professionals from various sectors, based on whose results, the data shows that IT is used extensively in the organizations to perform HRM functions in Turkey's dynamic economy. The results also indicated that, while IT has an impact on all sectors in terms of HRM to certain extent, the types of IT used vary significantly between recruitment, maintenance, and development tasks. However, the empirical results here reveal that these organizations are not applying these technologies systematically and maturely in the performance of HRM functions. Key words: human resource management (HRM), human resource management system (HRMS), human resource (HR), information technology (IT), ANOVA test, chi-square test Full Text: The HRM function in organizations has gained increasing...
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...Project Finance Globalization, large scale production and chains of multinationals have become very common in today’s world. Due to this, any business that has to survive and compete with others on a global level has to come up with new and innovative projects to give it an edge above its competitors. Here, we are not talking about projects on a small or medium scale. We are talking about huge multimillion dollar investments in a large scale project as only then can a business make its mark on the world economy. The main cause of people hesitating to do such huge projects is that they do not have enough financial back up to go through with plans involving such huge investments. Since, in the end, every brilliant project plan is dependent on the finance required to carry it through, financing of such a project becomes the primary concern of any planner. The financing must be done prudently so that the best of the financial instrument can be used while the negatives avoided as far as possible. Every financial instrument is applicable for certain projects. Choosing such instrument should be the focus of any project since the project will only remain on paper and never be carried out unless there is financial aid. In the present day, there are many unique financial law solutions for funding large scale projects. Following are some of them described in brief: * Project Finance Loans: Project Finance is a kind of loan structure wherein the repayment is dependent on the project’s...
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...Contents |Lo 1. History And Structure Of The Travel And Tourism Sector |3 | |Lo1.1 Key Historical Developments In The Travel And Tourism Sector |3 | |1.2 Early Travel |3 | |1.3 The Egyptians |3 | |1.4 The Persians |3 | |1.5 The Greeks |3 | |1.6 The Romans |4 | |1.7 Renaissance And Grand Tour (Ad 1763-1773) |4 | |1.8 Milestone |4 | |1.9 Earliest Tourism |4 | |2.0 Social Change In Victorian Society |4 | |2.1 Steamships ...
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...EFFECTS OF POOR QUALITY GOODS AND SERVICES PROCURED BY GOVENRMENT AGENCIES ON SERVICE DELIVERY; A CASE STUDY OF THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH KERICHO DISTRICT HOSPITAL BY CHERUIYOT KIPYEGON BEN BBM/3111/12 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO MOI UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT AND REQUIREMEENT FOR THE AWARD OF A DEGREE IN BACHELOR OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT MARKETING MANAGEMENT OPTION FEBRUARY 2014 DECLARATION DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE This research study is my original work and it has not been presented to any other Institution. No part of this research should be reproduced without my consent or that of Moi University SIGN: ______________________DATE: ____________________ CHERUIYOT KIPYEGON BEN BBM/3111/12 DECLARATION BY THE SUPERVISOR This Research has been submitted with my approval to Moi University as the candidate’s research proposal supervisor. SIGN: _______________________DATE: ____________________ MR. J. OMANGA SUPERVISOR - RESEARCH PROPOSAL DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my family for their unwavering support that saw me complete the research project, more so to my Sisters Florence for ensuring that my study was a success and Lily for proof reading this research proposal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to thank my Supervisor Mr. James Omanga for his guidance...
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