...data collection. Data instruments apply “to the levels of measurement of your independent variables and dependent variable” (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2011, p. 5). Survey is a quantitative research approach, not a data instrument. However, “what a scale means and what we can do with it depends on what its numbers represent” (Davis Education, 2015, para. 1). Statistics can be classified into four types or levels, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio (Lind, Marchal, & Wathen, 2011). Nominal is the easiest of them all. Nevertheless, the ratio is the most complicated of the four type of levels of measurement. Nominal Nominal is hardly measurement. “It refers to quality more than quantity” (Davis Education, 2015, para. 2). A nominal level of measurement is a concerned with differentiating by name. For example, 1 equals male, 2 equals female. Even though, when are using the numbers 1 and 2, they do not symbolize quantity. The two category of 0 and 1 used for the smart cell phone is a nominal level of measurement. They are categories or classifications. “Nominal measurement is like using categorical levels of variables” (Davis Education, 2015, para. 2). Ordinal Ordinal means the order in measurement. “An ordinal scale indicates direction, in addition to providing nominal information” (Davis Education, 2015, para. 3). For example, “Low/Medium/High or Faster/Slower are examples of ordinal levels of measurement” (Davis Education, 2015, para. 3). Interval “Interval...
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...01 What is Statistics? True / False Questions 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. True False 2. A sample is a portion or part of the population of interest. True False 3. To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population. True False 4. The techniques used to find out something about a population, such as their average weight, based on a sample are referred to as descriptive statistics. True False 5. There are four levels of measurement-qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous. True False 6. The ordinal level of measurement is considered the "lowest" level of measurement. True False 7. A store asks shoppers for their zip code to identify market areas. Zip codes are an example of ratio data. True False 8. An ordinal level of measurement implies some sort of ranking. True False 9. Data that can only be classified into categories is measured with a nominal scale. True False 10. The terms descriptive statistics and inferential statistics can be used interchangeably. True False 11. A marketing research agency was hired to test a new DVD player. Consumers rated it outstanding, very good, fair or poor. The level of measurement for this experiment is ordinal. True False 12. The Union of Electrical Workers of America with 9,128 members polled...
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...statistics in business. 3. Differentiate between descriptive and inferential statistics. 4. Classify numbers by level of data and understand why doing so is important. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Statistics in Business Best Way to Market Stress on the Job Financial Decisions How is the Economy Doing? The Impact of Technology at Work 1.2 Basic Statistical Concepts 1.3 Data Measurement Nominal Level Ordinal Level Interval Level Ratio Level Comparison of the Four Levels of Data Statistical Analysis Using the Computer: Excel and MINITAB KEY TERMS census ordinal level data descriptive statistics parameter inferential statistics parametric statistics interval level data population metric data ratio level data nominal level data sample nonmetric data statistic nonparametric statistics statistics STUDY QUESTIONS 1. A science dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of numerical data is called _______________. 2. One way to subdivide the field of statistics is into the two branches of ______________ statistics and _____________ statistics. 3. A collection of persons, objects or items of interest is a _______________. 4. Data gathered from a whole population is called a _______________. 5. If a population consists...
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...Chapter 1 What is Statistics? True/False 1. A population is a collection of all individuals, objects, or measurements of interest. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Goal: 2 2. A sample is a portion or part of the population of interest. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Goal: 2 3. To infer something about a population, we usually take a sample from the population. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Goal: 2 4. The techniques used to find out something about a population, such as their average weight, based on a sample are referred to as descriptive statistics. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Goal: 2 AACSB: MD 5. There are four levels of measurement-qualitative, quantitative, discrete, and continuous. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Goal: 5 6. Ordinal level of measurement is considered the "lowest" level of measurement. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Goal: 5 7. A store asks shoppers for their zip code to identify market areas. Zip codes are an example of ratio data. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy Goal: 5 AACSB: REF 8. Ordinal level of measurement implies some sort of ranking. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Goal: 5 9. Data that can only be classified into categories is nominal data. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy Goal: 5 10. The words descriptive statistics and inferential statistics...
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...MEASUREMENT: Measurement is the heart of scientific discipline. It is the process of assigning numbers to objects or observations, the level of measurement being a function of the rules under which the numbers are assigned. According to Zikmund, “Measurement is the process of describing some property of a phenomenon of interest, usually by assigning numbers in a reliable and valid way”. In our daily life we are said to measure when we use some yardsticks to determine weight, height or some other features of a physical object. We also measure when we judge how well we like a song, intelligence, achievement, attitude, perception regarding quality. We, thus, measure physical object as well as abstract concepts. Measurement is a relatively complex & demanding task, especially so when it concerns qualitative or abstract phenomena. So, technically speaking, measurement is a process of mapping aspects of a domain onto other aspects of a range according to some rule of correspondence. It is a collection of quantitative data. TYPES OF MEASUREMENT: 1) Nominal measurement: All qualitative measurements are nominal, regardless of whether the categories differ from one another only in names. Nominal measurements represent the most elementary level of measurement in which values are assigned to an object for identification or classification purposes only. In nominal level of measurement, the categories differ from one another only in names. In other words, one category of a characteristic...
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...types of errors that occur in the processes of taking measurements. Also, it explains how the uncertainty level in direct measurements was found, and how the indirect measurements were calculated as well. To do that, dimensions and the mass of the metal block was measured, which were used to calculate the volume and density of the object as well as the margin of error. Theory In this lab, there were direct and indirection measurements involved, and several calculations were required in order to calculate the related variables. In part A of this lab, apparent and actual height of the wooden block was recorded with a meter stick. The meter stick has an accuracy of ±0.05 cm and no other calculations were needed. [1] Parallax is the change in the apparent position of an object when the position of the observed changes. It is also a common error in scientific experiments. One must be aware of its existence at all time so that it can be avoided and as a result the true value of the reading is obtained. Due to parallax, the position of the observed block appears to change as well, making the height of the block appear to be different for each measurement. In part B of this lab, measurements were recorded indirectly. A meter stick was used to measure the length of the metal block, with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. Then the width and height was measured with a caliper with an accuracy of ±0.05 mm. These measurements were taken to calculate the volume of the metal block...
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...Scheme-G Sample Test Paper- I Course Name :- Diploma in Electronics Engineering Group Course Code :- EJ/EX/ET/EN/IS/IC/IE/IU/ED/EI Semester :-Fourth 17434 Subject Title :- Industrial Measurements Marks :-25 Time:-1 hour Instructions: 1. All questions are compulsory. 2. Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary. 3. Figures to the right indicate full marks. 4. Assume suitable data if necessary. 5. Preferably, write the answers in sequential order. Q1. Attempt any THREE of the following. (9 Marks) a. Define i.) Active transducer ii) Passive Transducer b. List any three non elastic pressure transducers. c. Draw a neat diagram showing the construction of C type bourdon tube pressure transducer and label it. d. State the principle of operation of piezoelectric transducer. Q2. Attempt any TWO of the following. (8 Marks) a. Draw constructional diagram of U tube manometer, label it and write the working of U tube manometer. b. State the reason for connecting the secondary coils in series opposition in LVDT. What is residual voltage in LVDT.? c. Draw and label the neat diagram for pressure measurement using bourdon tube and LVDT. Q3. Attempt any two of the following. (8 Marks) a. Define Primary and secondary transducer. Give two examples of each. b. Is piezoelectric transducer active or passive? Give reason. Also state the principle of operation of piezoelectric transducer. c. Draw and label the block diagram of instrumentation system. State functions...
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...medicare beneficiaries were enrolled in the new prescription drug program as of January, 2006. • The government reported that 138,000 jobs were added to the economy in April, 2006. • The Dow Jones Industrial Average was 11,094.04 on May 30, 2006. You may think of statistics simply as a collection of numerical information. However, statistics has a much broader meaning. Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Understand why we study statistics. 2. Explain what is meant by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. 3. Distinguish between a qualitative variable and a quantitative variable. 4. Distinguish between a discrete variable and a continuous variable. 5. Distinguish among nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels of measurement. Key Contents What is Statistics? How do we define the word statistics? We encounter it frequently in our everyday language. It really has two meanings. In the more common usage, statistics refers to numerical information. Examples include the average starting salary of college graduates, the number of deaths due to alcoholism last...
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...Sections 1.1 Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. 22. Student ID number Answer: Quantitative Determine whether the quantitative variable is discrete or continuous. 24. Volume of water lost each day through a leaky faucet Answer: Continuous variable Determine the level of measurement of each variable. 32. Movie ratings of one star through five stars Answer: Ordinal 34. Year of birth of college students Answer: Interval Application of concept 52. Retirement Planning The Principal Financial Group conducted a survey of 1172 employees in the United States between July 28, 2010, and August 8, 2010, and asked if they were currently participating in the employer-sponsored automatic payroll deduction for a 401(k) plan to save for...
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...an annual turnover rate of 55 to 60%, this is common for the industry in general. However, the company’s’ turnover has increased in the past 4 months and it has climbed to over 64%. Managers and supervisors do not understand why the turnover rate has increased and to all management this remains a puzzle. (University of Phoenix, 2014). Research questions: BIMS Employee Survey Using the scale provided, record your answer by circling the number that is closest to your view where 5 is a very positive response and 1 is a very negative choice. Very Negative Very Positive 1. How well do you enjoy working for BIMS? 2. You enjoy your assigned shift. 3. Your request for your desired shift was fulfilled. 4. How many times have you called in sick in the last month? 5. You are well trained for your work. 6. You are paid fairly for the work you do. 7. Your supervisor treats you fairly. 8. Your supervisor’s boss treats your division fairly. 9. The company is good at communicating. 10. You do not fear that you will lose your job. A. In which division do you work? B. How long have you worked for BIMS? C. What is your gender? D. Are you a manager or supervisor? | 1 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 51 2 3 4 5Food: _ Housekeeping: _ Maintenance: _Years: _____ Months: _____Female: _____ Male: _____Yes:...
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...An Accountant's Measurement Primer! A primary function of accountants is to develop, implement, and monitor measures of economic resources, business processes and utilization of resources by such processes. Wide varieties of stakeholders use these measures in making a range of economic decisions about business organizations. Pension fund managers, as do stockholders and financial analysts, use accounting information reported by companies to assess the economic performance of those companies and form expectations of future performance. Production managers use accounting information to estimate the cost of products they produce and thus, the relatively profitability of producing more of some products and less of others. Executives use accounting information to budget economic resources among operating units. Stakeholder decisions generally have in common the objective of allocating scarce economic resources to their most productive uses, whether it is managers allocating organizational resources among subunits (or alliances of organizations) or capital owners allocating their capital among organizations (or portfolios of organizations). Consequently, it is vital for accountants to understand measurement concepts (theories) in order to achieve accounting's measurement objectives. We start with a working definition of measurement. Measurement is the assignment of numerals and other symbols to represent the magnitude of an attribute of a phenomenon. 2 A phenomenon is an object...
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...Service Level Agreement 10/10/2013 Document Control Preparation |Action |Name |Date | | | | | Release |Version |Date Released |Change Notice |Pages Affected |Remarks | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Distribution List |Name |Organization |Title | | | | | | | | | | | | ...
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...Introduction When a procedure, a model, an approach, a case study, or other research is undertaken, generally some measure of the system's performance is presented and perhaps analyzed. A large number of different types of performance measures have been used to characterize systems, particularly production, distribution, and inventory systems. Such a large number of available performance measures makes performance measure selection difficult. Generally, performance measurement research focuses on analyzing performance measurement systems that are already in use, categorizing performance measures and then studying the measures within a category, and building rules of thumb or frameworks by which performance measurement systems can be developed for various types of systems. Beamon (1996) presents a number of characteristics that are found in effective performance measurement systems, and can therefore be used in evaluation of these measurement systems. These characteristics include: inclusiveness (measurement of all pertinent aspects), universality (allow for comparison under various operating conditions), measurability (data required are measurable), and consistency (measures consistent with organization goals). Besides analyzing the measures based on their effectiveness, benchmarking is another important method that is used in performance measure evaluation. Benchmarking can be useful in that it can serve as a means of identifying improvement opportunities. Camp (1989) provides...
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...University of Phoenix Material Math Standards Analysis Directions: 1. Access your state’s department of education website. 2. Locate your state’s mathematics standards. 3. Select one strand or domain. 4. Complete the table below. For each of the identified grade levels, enter the exact verbiage of the standard for that strand or domain in the Standard column. In the Explanation column, explain in your own words what that standard means at that grade level. In the Teaching Example column, provide an example of how you might teach that standard to students at that grade level. State _California______________________________ Strand or Domain___CA CSS __________________________ |Grade Level |Standard |Explanation |Teaching Example | |1st grade |In grade 1, instructional time should|In first grade children should be|For teaching place values and | | |focus on four critical areas: |able to know how to add and |grouping numbers in to 10’s and | | |(1) developing understanding of |subtract to 20,they should |1’s, a good teaching example is | | |addition, subtraction, and |understand place values and how |what number is 10 less than 41? | | |strategies for addition...
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...For a process to be adequately controlled and manipulated, the variable of interest in the process (e.g. Temperature, Pressure or Flow) often called the Process Variable (PV) needs to be measured by a sensor which converts the measurement into a suitable signal format (4 – 20mA or digital) and then transmit it to a controller which makes the control decision and finally acts on a final control element in the control loop. What does this signal transmission is referred to as a transmitter. The schematic below illustrates the interactions between all the elements in the control loop: | Elements of a Process Control Loop | What is a Transmitter? A Transmitter is a device that converts the signal produced by a sensor into a standardized instrumentation signal such as 3-15 PSI air pressure, 4-20 mA DC electric current, Fieldbus digital signal etc., which may then be conveyed to an indicating device, a controlling device, or both. The indicating or controlling device is often located in a centralized control room. The transmitter often combines a sensor and the transmitter in a single piece. The sensor measures the process variable and generate a proportional signal. The transmitter then amplifies and conditions the sensor signal for onward transmission to the receiving or controlling device. | --> Transmitters Used in Process Instrumentation: Transmitters can be broadly divided into two broad groups: (a) Electronic Transmitters (b) Pneumatic Transmitters ...
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