...PHL 201 Dr. Zavediuk Buddhism question list and key terms Key Terms dukkha/ tanha/ 4 noble truths/ right association/ eightfold path transmigration/ nirvana/ enlightenment/ mindfulness Theravada Buddhism/ Mahayana Buddhism Reading Questions 1) (Smith 82-92; 92-99) Comprehensively explain the life of Buddha. Why is he called ‘the man who woke up?’ Give two or more examples of key events in his life that have a significant role in his development of Buddhist philosophical doctrine. In addition, explain how Buddha was a backlash response to 3 or more of the 6 main failures of Hinduism as detailed by Smith. Budda was born a prince, handsome and his upbringing was luxurious he then became known through meditation as Budda. His father did not allow...
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...Buddhism Worksheet Write a 1- to 2-paragraph response for each of the following. 1. Explain the basic Buddhist teachings including the three marks of reality, the Four Noble Truths, and the Noble Eightfold Path. The three marks of reality are change, no permanent identity, and suffering. Buddha recommended that people look at life as it really is; life is full of impermanence, or constant change. Buddha also urged people to abandon egotism and a fixation on material objects. He denied the existence of the permanent identity of anything. The third characteristic of reality is suffering; meaning that life can never be fully satisfying because of inescapable change. It encompasses the whole range, from horrible suffering to everyday frustration. The Four Noble Truths are a linked chain of truths about life. They are as follows: 1. Suffering exists. 2. It has a cause. 3. It has an end. 4. There is a way to attain release from suffering; specifically, by following the Noble Eightfold Path, (Michael Molloy, 2010). The First Noble Truth: To Live is to Suffer The Second Noble Truth: Suffering Comes from Desire The Third Noble Truth: To End Suffering, End Desire The Fourth Noble Truth: Release from Suffering is Possible and Can Be Attained by Following the Noble Eightfold Path. The eight steps of the path form a program that the Buddha taught that will lead those who follow it toward liberation from the impermanence and suffering of reality, (Michael...
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...Buddhism – Week 3 | World View Chart | Origin of All Things | One of the first views on the origins of the Universe came from the Buddhist sūtras, and was formulated in the Abhidharma texts. In the sutras it states that the world was created from the collective karma or actions of living beings in the form of a primordial wind. From the Book of Dzyan the account of the origin of the universe describes it as a light or luminosity,” the actual moment of manifestation is described with the words, “darkness radiates light.” The book goes into more detail explaining that the whole world is dependent on a cause [for creation] because something cannot rise by itself, the cause here is light. From the light comes knowledge, from knowledge comes air, from air the fire, from fire the water and from the water the earth is born. If quoted in reverse this tantra also explains the dissolution of the world. (Reigle, 2013)The origins of the religion itself explain the if we can understand where our suffering comes from we can become free. This means that a person must take responsibility for their own lives, and dutifully practice the religious teachings of Buddha in order to achieve the ultimate goal of liberation from suffering or Nirvana. (Fisher, 2011 p. 135) | Nature of God/Creator | Buddhism is a nontheistic religion, which means they do not believe in any supreme being or God. Many People believe that Buddhists worship Buddha; this however is not the case. The Buddha was a human...
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...Siddhartha’s Journey to Enlightenment When Siddhartha Gautama was about five days old, his father, King Suddhodana, was told by a holy man that his son would either be would be either a great military conqueror or a great spiritual teacher. Upon hearing that, the King decided to raise his son in a life of luxury and shield him from religion and the knowledge of human suffering. He did this because he wanted his son to be a ruler, not a spiritual leader. After twenty-nine years of knowing very little about what went on outside of his kingdom, he decided to step outside his kingdom and see what the outside world was like. He saw suffering all around him and was sickened by it. After awhile the Price saw a wandering ascetic. The Prince’s chariot driver explained that the ascetic was person who had renounced the world and wanted freedom from fear of death and suffering. After returning to his kingdom, he was unhappy. The life he once was content with made him unhappy and he couldn’t go on living ignorantly after being exposed to human suffering. One night, he left the palace so set out on his journey to find enlightenment. Siddhartha began his journey by seeking the teachings of philosophers. The philosopher’s taught him how to mediate and information about different religions, like Hinduism. The Prince also tried to find release from human suffering by physical self-discipline. Siddhartha would hold his breath for periods of time. He would only eat one grain of rice and one drop...
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...Buddhism Eric Regenbogen Akira Shimada Ancient World 12/4/13 Buddhism is a religion based upon the idea that people are responsible for their own liberations form misapprehensions, and to gain enlightenment. Two pivotal time periods are granted acknowledgement for the development of Buddhism. These time periods are known as the Later Vedic era and the Secondary Urbanization period. In the Gangetic Valley around 500-400 BCE, Buddhism along with Jainism began to emerge as prevalent religions. The main features within these non-Vedic religions appealed to the individuals within the Gangetic valley. Buddhism as well as the Non-Vedic religions seemed to flourish in this region because of their rejections to the Vedic religions and its acceptance of Urbanization. The first time period that was mentioned was know as the Later Vedic period. This era took place around 1000-500 BCE and put an emphasis on a more settled lifestyle leaving behind the nomadic way of life previously practiced in the early Vedic era. During this time period people practiced a non-urban lifestyle in which they lived in villages (Course, Reading, “Theravāda Buddhism,”). Around 1000-800 BCE iron began to be used more frequently, allowing the intensification of plough agriculture and increasing the surplus from cultivation. Rice and barley were the main source of food grown during this era (Course, Reading, “Theravāda Buddhism,”). Long distance trade started to develop stimulating the finding of new land...
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...Name – Urmit Shah PRN - 14060321094 The Four Noble Truths The Four Noble Truths are: 1. Noble Truth Of Stress (Dukkha) 2. Noble Truth Of The Origination Of Stress (Craving) (Tanha) 3. Noble Truth Of The Cessation Of The Stress (Nirvana) 4. Noble Truth Of The Way Of Practice (Noble Eightfold Path) Noble Truth Of Stress (Dukkha) Suffering is the translation of ‘Dukkha’. Buddhism explains three types of Dukkha : 1. Pain (Physical /mental) - It is the sort of feeling that you experience when you fall and hurt yourself. Or the normal headaches that you experience. 2. Dukkha Of Change – This sort of dukkha exists because according to the Buddhist tradition the system is in flux (Constantly changing- Anitya). Even Happiness and laughter are considered to be Dukkha as they are not permanent. 3. Dukkha Of Conditions- The world which we live in is conditioned and we are brought up/moulded according to the conditions. According to Buddhism Samsara is conditioned and that is why there is impermanence. Noble Truth Of The Origination Of Stress (Craving) (Tanha) Origin of Dukkha is ‘Craving’(Tanha). Craving can be of three types: 1. Craving for sensual pleasure 2. Craving for existence – It is the craving for eternal life. 3. Craving for non-existence – It is the craving for the end of the life (death/end of all the consciousness) Craving is different from ‘Want’. Craving according to the Buddhism is faulty but ‘want’ is not. ‘Want’ arises out of a rational...
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...I love Buddhism The Four Noble Truths In his very first sermon at Sarnath, the Buddha set forth the Four Noble Truths, the foundation for all his later teachings: 1 Life inevitably involves suffering, dissatisfaction, and distress. 2 Suffering is caused by craving, rooted in ignorance. 3 Suffering will cease when craving ceases. 4 There is a way to realize this state: the Noble Eightfold Path. The Buddha was neither pessimistic nor optimistic about our human condition, but realistic. Sri Lankan monk and scholar Walpola Rahula spoke of the Buddha as “the wise and scientific doctor for the ills of the world.”7 In the Four Noble Truths, the Buddha diagnosed the human condition and proposed a cure, one step at a time. The Buddha’s First Noble Truth is the existence of dukkha: suffering and dissatisfaction. At some time or another, we all experience grief, unfulfilled desires, sickness, old age, physical pain, mental anguish, and eventually death. We may be happy for a while, but this happiness does not last. Even our personal identity is impermanent. What we regard as a “self” is an ever-changing bundle of fleeting feelings, sense impressions, ideas, and evanescent physical matter. One moment of identity leads to the next like one candle being lit from another, but no two moments are the same. The Second Noble Truth is that the origin of dukkha is craving and clinging—to sensory pleasures, to fame and fortune, for things to stay as they are or for them to be...
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...suffering he saw around him. After six years of arduous yogic training, he abandoned the way of self-mortification and instead sat in meditation beneath a bodhi tree. When Buddhists take refuge in the Buddha, are honoring the man who started the whole tradition and taking refuge in the Buddha. Dharma (or Dhamma in Pali) stands for the teachings of Buddhism, or for the practice of the Buddhist Path. And for all of the different branches of Buddhism this is obviously going to include a wide variety of texts and teachings. There are four principle beliefs in Buddhism but, the main two really known are The Four Nobel Truths and The Eightfold Path. The “Four Noble Truths” of Buddhism are: Life means suffering, the origin of suffering is attachment, the cessation of suffering is attainable, and the path to the cessation of suffering. The first of the Four Noble Truths is life means suffering. The basis of this is that to live is to suffer, because the human race is not perfect and neither is the world. On this earth, everyone inevitably suffers pain, sickness, injury, old age, and...
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...The Four Noble Truths "I teach suffering, its origin, cessation and path. That's all I teach", Is the what Buddha quoted 2500 years ago. The Four Noble Truths contain the essence of the Buddha's teachings. It was these four principles that the Buddha came to understand during his meditation under the bodhi tree. 1. The truth of suffering (Dukkha) 2. The truth of the origin of suffering (Samudāya) 3. The truth of the cessation of suffering (Nirodha) 4. The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga) The Buddha is often compared to a physician. In the first two Noble Truths he diagnosed the problem (suffering) and identified its cause. The third Noble Truth is the realisation that there is a cure. The fourth Noble Truth, in which the Buddha set out the Eightfold Path, is the prescription, the way to achieve a release from suffering. The First Noble Truth Suffering (Dukkha) Suffering comes in many forms. Three obvious kinds of suffering correspond to the first three sights the Buddha saw on his first journey outside his palace: old age, sickness and death. But according to the Buddha, the problem of suffering goes much deeper. Life is not ideal: it frequently fails to live up to our expectations. Human beings are subject to desires and cravings, but even when we are able to satisfy these desires, the satisfaction is only temporary. Pleasure does not last; or if it does, it becomes monotonous. Even when we are not suffering from outward causes...
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...BUDDHISM By Heather Alexander Dr. James Wilcox World Religion 06/06/2012 I want to first give a little background on how the Buddha came about and how Buddhism came to be. The Buddha is said to be born the son of a king. Many scholars have tried to pinpoint his birth. It is believed that he was born around 563 B.C.E. There are other sources that suggest that it may have been a century later that he was born. His given name was Siddhartha Gautama. For the next 30 years or so it is believed that the prince lived a very sheltered life. Somewhere around his 29th or 30th year he decided he wanted to see the outside world. His father was extremely against it. He wanted to protect his son from the outside world. His father finally agreed and sent out troops to remove all of the old, sick, and ugly from the route that the prince would take. According to legend he took a total of four trips out of the grounds. On each of his outings he seen one of the “four sights” that his father tried to protect him against. The “four sights” are said to be a bent old man, a dead person, a sick person, and renunciate. After coming home for the final time he decided that the life he was living wasn’t what he really wanted. Siddhartha set out on a long journey trying to find what it was that he felt was missing .He wandered around for 6 years taking whatever food was given to him. At one point he was surviving on a grain of rice and a drop of water for the day. He eventually decided...
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...The first of the Four Noble Truths states that life is suffering. Siddhartha suffered in the first chapter when he decides he wants to leave his home to become a Samana. His father (at first) did not approve. ( Herman Hesse pg 10), “ It is not seemingly for Brahmins to utter forcefully angry words but there is a displeasure in my heart. I should not like to hear you make this request a second time”. 2. The second of the Four Noble Truths states that there is an origin of suffering and that the origin of suffering is attachment. From his suffering Siddhartha has learned “he had never found his self because he wanted to trap it in the net of thoughts (Hesse 47)”. 3. Gotama is who people see as the Illustrious one, the Buddha who has reportedly obtained Nirvana. Govinda chooses to follow him in his teachings but Siddartha feels and doubts that anything new can be learned from this man. "Siddhartha did not reply. He was not very curious about the teachings. He did not think they would teach him anything new" ( Hesse 28) ; Siddhartha is happy for Govinda because Govinda has finally taken a step without following Siddhartha and is beginning to find his salvation. "Now you are a man and have chosen your own path. May you go along it to the end, my friend. May you find salvation!" 4. The last sentence of this chapter signifies Siddartha leaving everything behind and starting a new. The lessons he has learned are clear in his mind, he sees the world in its beauty, and he is energized...
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...In this paper I will be discussing the concept of the four noble truths and eightfold path within the Buddhist religion. The four noble truths do not give concrete answers to metaphysical questions, unlike other religions. Buddhism teaches human existence is imperfect and the four noble truths are a guide to help steer away from suffering. The four noble truths are important to Buddhist ethics in that they are the way to nirvana and enlightenment. The first noble truth is life is suffering. To live means to suffer and since it is human nature, no one is perfect in any shape or form. While we develop, we inevitably have to endure physical and psychological suffering sooner or later. Each of us, no matter how rich or poor, is going to get sick, grow old, and die. Nothing is permanent, nothing can permanently satisfy us. “ Any aspect of life, no matter how seemingly pleasant, already has the seeds of the suffering that is a common denominator of all human experience” (Young 91). This is because things change and pass away; everything and everyone we love will someday pass away. The Buddha also taught the reason behind the suffering that individuals experience. The second noble truth is suffering is caused by craving. “We suffer because our craving leads us to become attached to things or people and deluded as to the real nature of our situation in life (Young).” As long as we are unable to detach of moral pleasures, we will experience suffering. One must learn to overcome...
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...father and left the royal grounds. That day he witnessed all the suffering of ordinary lives and realized that he had been hidden from the true world, even if bad things were beyond the walls. Later he decided to run away to try and solve all his questions about suffering and death. Later on he became enlightened under the Bodhi tree after six years of extreme ascetic practices. If he/she follows key aspects of Buddhism, one can reach nirvana like Siddhartha once did. Buddhism has many teachings to offer for anyone who follows the religion, but the Four Noble Truths are one of the most important. The Four Noble Truths state, “1. All life is suffering (dukkha). 2. The immediate cause of suffering is desire. The ultimate cause of suffering is ignorance concerning the nature of reality. 3. There can be liberation from suffering. 4. To eliminate dukkha, one needs to follow the Eightfold Path” (Whittaker 2/20/14). The first Noble Truth talks about the reality of living. All aspects of life contain suffering within themselves, such as sickness, sorrow and anxiety. It teaches how one should not be depressed with the dark emotions of life, but to understand...
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...his goal.” It is said that he lived for over eighty years during the fifth century BCE. At the age of 29 Siddhartha renounced his wealth and went on a search to find liberation from suffering. Siddhartha spent many years searching, learning and wandering on his journey and one night of the full mon in the sixth lunar month, it is said that he sat in deep meditation beneath a tree, and finally experienced supreme awakening. He spent decades walking and teaching ever-increasing groups of followers all over northern India. Out of the abundant and varied scriptures later attributed to Shakyamuni Budda, historians agree on the validity and centrally of a core of teaching that became known as the Dharma that he taught: the Four Noble Truths and The Noble the Noble Eightfold Path, the Three Marks of Existence, and other guidelines for achieving liberation from suffering.(Fisher, 2013 pp. 138-140) | View of Human Nature | Buddha taught that one should not focus...
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...person releases their attachment to desire and the self, they can attain Nirvana. Buddhism believes that there are five processes which no human being has control and which none can ever change. These five processes are namely the process of growing old, of not falling sick, of dying, decay of things that are perishable and of the passing away of that which is liable to pass. The teaching included the believe that the only way to end the cycle of suffering is to end all craving and lead a life free of attachment that has no karmic consequences. Buddha set forth the Four Noble Truths which would lay the foundation of his later teachings while traveling throughout the land. 1) Life inevitably involves suffering, is imperfect and unsatisfactory.(Dukkha) 2) Suffering originates in our desires. (Sumudaya) 3) Suffering will cease if all desires cease.(Nirodha) 4) There is a way to realize this state: The Noble Eight Fold Path. Buddhism believes that you can achieve Nirvana through the practice of meditation, a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the reflexive, “thinking” mind into a deeper state of relaxation or...
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