...At the roots of globalization there are a lot of mechanisms conected with economies of scale. The higher border of demand and bigger problems with knowledge and capital using in high developed countries went far towards some solutions for easier entries to different markets. That is why countries deleted administrative and economic borders limiting competition. Free flow of information, ideas through the world, caused that some values, lifestyles, consumption models are common for some nations. That is why customers needs are higher and higher and similar (unified) – califionisation of needs. It means that consumers have a lot of information about level and style of life in the richest countries, they want the same in their mother country. That is why we have some global products for every customer (coca cola, pampers, cars). General results of globalization 1. New division of the world; - information revolution and very fast technical development, create new opportunities for developing countries, economies, companies, and people. But not every country is able to use these opportunities on the same level. It depends on the level of social-economic country’s development. It is called Triad Power: bigger technological, economic, social and cultural integration is present among three most developed regions of the world: North America, west of Europe, east and south-east Asia.- it is a center of the world. (highly educated people, good organization of their work, capital) ...
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...Market Plan [Name of Writer] [Name of Institution] Marketing Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conceptions, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. (AMA). Marketing is meeting needs profitably. Marketing Philosophy The Marketing Philosophy comprises of Production Concept, Product Concept, Selling Concept , Marketing Concept, Customer Concept and Societal Marketing Concept The Production Concept The production concept says that the Consumers will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. To focus on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution. It is useful when (1) the demand for a product exceeds the supply; (2) the product’s cost is too high. Its examples are: Standard Raw Materials and Components, CD, LCD. The Product Concept The product concept says that Consumers will favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. It focus in making superior products and improving them over time. it common examples are Digital Camera, CPU. The Selling Concept The selling concept says that Consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of organization’s products. It focus on undertaking an aggressive selling and promotion effort. Its...
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...OVERVIEW Apollo Tyres Ltd, with its corporate headquarters in Gurgaon, India, is in the business of manufacture and sale of tyres since its inception in 1972. Over the years, the company has grown manifold, establishing its footprint across the globe. The company has manufacturing presence in Asia, Europe and Africa, with 8 modern tyre facilities and exports to over 100 countries. Powered by its key brands — Apollo and Vredestein, the company offers a comprehensive product portfolio spread across passenger car, light truck, truck-bus, off highway and bicycle tyres, retreading material and retreaded tyres. At the end of its financial year on March 31, 2013, Apollo Tyres had clocked a turnover of US$ 2.34 billion, backed by a global workforce of approximately 16000 employees. Apollo Tyres Ltd is traded in India on the Bombay, National and Kochi Stock Exchanges, with 56.5% of shares held by the public, government entities, banks and financial institutions as on September 30, 2013. ATL has tremendous leverage in the international tyre market and with technology skills of the Indian company would be integrated to the newly acquired plants to generate better operational efficiency and also improve production and productivity. Sourcing of raw materials like natural and synthetic rubber and chemicals could be made more efficient because of the acquisitions in the European arena and could result in better economies of scale for Apollo tyre. To diversify its presence in global...
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...THE SIERRA LEONE CHAPTER OF THEPUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT TRAINING PROGRAMME (CLASS OF 2013) 1. DUGBA NGOMBU 12024487 2. MUSA SAIDU 12024474 3. SAMUEL SESAY 12024513 4. GIBRILLA JUSU 12024494 5. ANTHONY DOMAWA 12024476 6. HENRY TALUVA 12024496 7. DOROTHY ADEOLA 12024486 INTRODUCTION Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with unicameral parliamentary system (GoSL, 2009). The President is the Head of State, the supreme executive authority of the Republic and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Sierra Leone. He is the Fountain of Honour and Justice and the symbol of national unity and sovereignty. The President is also the guardian of the Constitution and the guarantor of national independence and territorial integrity, and shall ensure respect for treaties and international agreements (GoSL, 1991). Under the constitution (1991), no person shall hold office as President for more than two terms of five years each whether or not the terms are consecutive. The legislature of Sierra Leone, the Parliament consists of the President, the Speaker and Members of Parliament (GoSL, 1991). There are 124 Members of Parliament, 112 of whom are elected by a universal adult suffrage to represent their constituencies. The 12 are Paramount Chief Representatives to Parliament who are voted for by their fellow PCs and the chiefdom councilors, each PC representing a provincial district. The MPs (not as in the case of the president)...
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...people in the organization. This paper invites special attention in this area of organizations. PEOPLE ARE THE SOURCES of all productive effort in organizations. Organizational effectiveness depends on the performance of people working in organizations. Better people achieve better results. As a part of human resource management, every organization should acquire and retain skilled, competent, and motivated employees, because the full potential of human resources needs to be achieved for the growth of the organization. For the purpose of retaining skilled employees, management should assist individuals to plan their careers with realistic information about career opportunities that exist within a particular organization. Career planning is a recently developed phenomenon and organizations are nowadays looking HRD in this new angle. The tremendous growth of organizations in recent times due to technological improvements and tough competition in global market necessitates the organizations not only to select the right type of staffs, but also to retain them in the organizations. The dynamic and growth oriented employees should be allowed to grow through career development programs because the high turnover of such potential staff leads to great loss in terms of cost, quality and productivity. Dougles T. Hall Says career as The individually perceived sequence of attitudes and behavior associated with the work related experiences and activities over the span of the...
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...INTRODUCTION: GX International, Inc. has survived the fierce and cut-throat competition in the pharmaceutical industry for more than 20 years, it has withstood the test of time by embodying the vision of its founder which is to provide an option for Filipinos to have quality medicine at an affordable price. The supply chain department (known as the production department of GXI) has played an integral role in achieving the goal of continuously providing the lowest cost and sufficient supply of quality medicines through the years of GX’s existence. Through the constant effort of the supply chain officer to reduce the costs of materials, GX was able to maintain the selling price of its products for 12 years, until a significant change in the members of the top management and their ideals took over. The supply chain department and the company itself is at the verge of being out-dated by other companies through technological advancements, and its failure to adhere and adopt to the global standards and methods of supply chain management is placing the fate of the company in a very alarming situation. PROJECT NAME: The Implementation and Practice of Global Supply Chain Standards and Methodologies for a Filipino Pharmaceutical Company. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT: The lack of knowledge on the global standards and methodologies in supply chain management, procrastination, and the lack of interest of the management to develop and adopt a more suitable and stable supply chain practice...
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...Kenya Vision 2030 A Globally Competitive and Prosperous Kenya October 2007 THE NATIONAL ANTHEM Swahili Ee Mungu nguvu yetu Ilete baraka kwetu Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi Natukae na undugu Amani na uhuru Raha tupate na ustawi Amkeni ndugu zetu Tufanye sote bidii Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu Nchi yetu ya Kenya Tunayoipenda Tuwe tayari kuilinda Natujenge taifa letu Ee, ndio wajibu wetu Kenya istahili heshima Tuungane mikono Pamoja kazini Kila siku tuwe na shukrani English O God of all creation Bless this our land and nation Justice be our shield and defender May we dwell in unity Peace and liberty Plenty be found within our borders Let one and all arise With hearts both strong and true Service be our earnest endeavour And our homeland of Kenya Heritage of splendour Firm may we stand to defend Let all with one accord In common bond united Build this our nation together And the glory of Kenya The fruit of our labour Fill every heart with thanksgiving FOREWORD The unveiling of Kenya Vision 2030 marks an important milestone in our country’s development as it comes soon after the successful implementation of the “Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment Creation” (ERS) over the period 2003 to-date. The Kenya economy has now recovered from the slow growth rate of 0.6 percent in 2002 to a projected growth of over 7 percent in 2007. Indeed, the last five years represent the best phase of sustained economic growth in our country in all sectors of our economy notably; agriculture...
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...IN CAPE TOWN SOUTH AFRICA BY XENIA FONG BSc (Hons) International hospitality Management TOURISM PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT & MANAGEMENT CW2 NOVEMBER 2015 word count: 2714 TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING IN NATIONAL 4 2.1 BEFORE 2000s 4 2.2 FROM 2000s-2010s 5 2.3 AFTER 2010s 6 3. TOWNSHIP TOURISM 7 3.1 TOWNSHIP TOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA 7 3.2 TOWNSHIP TOURISM IN CAPE TOWN 8 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 10 5. REFERENCE 11 6. APPENDICES 13 6.1 ANNUAL VISITOR ARRICALS FOR OVERSEAS MARKETS COMPARED TO AFRICA 13 6.2 THE NATIONAL RESPONSIBLE TOURISM STRATEGY IN RELATION TO THE NTSS (2011) 13 6.3 THE VALUE CHAIN OF SOUTH AFRICAN TOURISM SECTOR 14 6.4 ATTRACTIONS OF LANDMARKS VISITED BY TOURIST IN SOUTH AFRICA 15 6.5 KEY ELEMENTS OF THE TOURISM PRODUCTS IN SUPPLIER SIDE 15 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report indicates and evaluates the tourism planning, strategies and challenges of South Arica in national and township tourism in the case of Cape Town. Tourism industry is one of the economic pillars for South Africa. The tourism framework in these two decades were moderated according to the White Paper on Tourism published in 1996. The most important principal, responsible tourism, to sustain the long-term strategy and development planning until current was suggested in the White Paper. Township tourism was considered as a popular and authentic cultural...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Kenya Vision 2030 is based on three pillars;economic, social and political. The social pillar seeks to build a just and cohesive society with social equity in a clean and health environment. The pillar aims to transform eight key social sectors including; education and training, health, water and sanitation, environment, housing and urbanization. The Kenya Vision 2030 identifies the education sector as key within the social pillar to steer Kenya into middle-level income country in 20 years. 1.1 Overall Goal on Education and Training Under education and training, Kenya aims to provide a globally competitive and quality education, training and research. Kenya aims to be a regional centre of research and development in new technologies. This will be achieved through: i) Integrating early childhood education into primary education ii) Reforming secondary school curricula iii) Modernizing teacher training iv) Strengthening partnerships with the private sector v) Developing key programmes for learners with special needs vi) Rejuvenating ongoing adult training programmes vii) Revising the curriculum for university and technical institutes to include more science and technology; and viii) In partnership with the private sector, the Government will also increase funding to enable all these institutions to support activities envisaged under the economic pillar 1.2 Medium Term Plans Vision 2030 is being implemented...
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...Contents Introduction 2 Marketing communication concepts 2 The evaluation of IMC practice of BWM i8 in United Kingdom and United States of America. 4 1) BMW i8 target market in UK and US: 4 2) The key messages of BMW 5 3) An examination of the marketing communications tools and media used 8 Advertising: 9 Sales promotion 11 Direct marketing & personal selling 11 Public relations 11 4) Similarities and differences of the marketing communications in UK and US. 11 5) How the communication activities are helping BMW 13 The key challenges of practicing IMC of BMW: 14 1) The key issues impacting upon BMW’s IMC: 14 2) Measurement of level of IMC evident: 16 Recommendations on further use of the tools/media 18 Conclusion 19 References 20 Appendices 26 Appendix 1: Planning and Implementing of IMC 26 Appendix 2: Factor impacts on customer’s purchasing in UK 27 Appendix 3: Factor impacts on customer’s purchasing 27 Appendix 4: Levels of IMC 28 Appendix 5: Four pillars of IMC 28 Introduction This paper provide an overview about the integrated marketing communication of BMW Corporation for the BMW i8 model in the United Kingdom and the United Stated. In those markets, the BMW i8 is considered as the first car that revolutionized in utilization and release values of a sport car. The purpose of the paper is to give information about the strategies of BMW in order to announce the BMW i8 to customers...
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...INTERNATIONAL PURCHASE MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT ON GLOBAL SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED TO: PROF.KAVITHA.TC SUBMITTED BY: VENKATESH REG: 141202052 INTRODUCTION GLOBAL SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP (SRM) is a discipline or set of strategic planning and managing with relation to the third party organization which supply goods / services in order to maximize the profit and reach the organization goal. Global supplier relationship is under the broad category of supply chain management. As the business is global , market for the manufacturer has been extended to domestic to global, increase in the market demand and the availability of the resources / delivering the material in time with lower cost is been a primary objective of majority of the company in today competitive market . the organization have realized the importance of supplier relationship A organization which has good relation with its supplier can again a competitive advantage over their competitors, good relationship with the supplier needs a long term trust to get build up. “Competitive advantage is increasingly a function of supply chain efficiency and effectiveness.... the greater the collaboration, the greater the likelihood that an advantage can be gained.” (1) (Lamming) LITREATURE REVIEW A manufacturing company in Iraq trying to figure out the problem and decrease the lead time of suppliers, they have...
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...ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENT IN THE INDIAN BANKS: ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS Abstract The development of the banking system is always associated with the contemporary changes in the economy. The Indian banking industry has undergone a metamorphosis in the last two decades due to changes in the political, economic, financial, social, legal and technological environments. The mind boggling advances in technology and deregulation of financial markets across the countries created new opportunities, tempting banks to enter every business that had been thrown open. The banks are now moving towards universal banking concepts, while adding new channels and a series of innovative product offerings catering to various segments at an attractive price. This makes it imperative for the banks to adopt sophisticated risk management techniques and to establish a link between risk exposures and capital. Effective management of risk has always been the focus area for banks owing to the increasing sophistication in the product range and services and the complex channels that deliver them. The challenge for the banks is to put in place a risk control system that minimizes the volatility in profit and engenders risk consciousness across the rank and file of the organization. Sound risk management will ensure a healthy bottom line for the bank as risk taken by the bank will be commensurate with return and will be within an approved risk management policy. As all transactions of the banks revolve around...
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...BUS 675 Winter 2014 Midterm 1. What is product-service bundling and what are the benefits to customers? Site some examples Product-service bundling refers to a companies building service activities into its product offerings for its consumers (pg.9) A well-known pioneer in this area is IBM, which is a service business but views its physical goods business as just a small part. Cable/Satellite companies are now those in the Product service bundling business – as they try to build offering that support three main services, TV, Internet and Phone. Due to convenience and pricing tiers customers can save on monthly rates all by contracting with one company and calling one number when needed. The major player that has taken Product service bundling to new levels is Apple. Apple is famous for its major products – Mac’s, IPhones, IPod’s, but has redefined his product-service business in the arena of the Genius Bar and Apple Care. Its been a huge success for its customers and its profits margins as consumers consider physical goods knowing the services are bundled in. 2. Some people tend to use the terms effectiveness and efficiency interchangeably, though we’ve seen they are different concepts. But is there any relationship at all between them? Can a firm be effective but inefficient? Very efficient but essentially ineffective? Both? Neither? Pg 14 Efficiency: Doing something at the lowest possible cost. Effectiveness: Doing the things that will create the...
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...is far from the ideal, for example: • Procurement and provisioning procedures are rule driven, and value for money is almost always equated to the lowest price tendered – the emphasis is on monitoring inputs; • Procurement and provisioning activities are not linked to budgetary planning; • Asset management is limited to control of inventory, rather than on ensuring a satisfactory return to the community for the funds invested; • Bid documentation are not uniform, causing uncertainty to bidders and practitioners; • The Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act, No 5 of 2000 (PPPFA) and its associated Regulations are complex and difficult to implement correctly, and procurement practitioners are not adequately trained in their application; • The costs and outcomes of the PPPFA are not fully quantified, hence it is impossible to evaluate the merits of the system. (Government of the Republic of South Africa General Procurement Guidelines, p 3) Proper and successful government procurement rests upon certain core principles of behaviour - the Five Pillars of Procurement. They are best described as pillars because if any one of them is broken the procurement system falls down. The Five Pillars are: - Value for Money - Open and Effective Competition - Ethics and Fair Dealing -...
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...Based) Approach for Market Risk and Basic Indicator Approach for Operational Risk. In Standardized Approach risk weight of exposures will be differentiated based on external credit assessments and the risk weights will be inversely related to the credit rating of the counter party. Calculation of RWA under Standardized Approach is supported by External Credit Assessment Institute (ECAI). The recognition process of BB will ensure ECAIs eligibility criteria as required by the Basel II document. In addition to computing MCR banks have to calculate adequate capital with the procedure as stated in the section second pillar or Supervisory Review Process (SRP) of Basel II. Calculation of adequate capital and preparation of a process document in this regard is an enormous job for the banks. The areas to be covered by the process document are review of risk management and planning for adequate capital against comprehensive risk profile including credit, market and operational risk. Roadmap on Basel II implementation in...
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