...Fundamental feature of the constitution of the Fifth Republic The constitution of every country has some special features of its own. If we want to know about the condition of any country, we must have knowledge about the constitution of this country. The constitution of any country is ultimately related to its politics and historical evolution of this country. Constitution is indirectly the picture of a country. Every constitution is the product accumulated material and spiritual circumstances of it’s time. After long time, the Fifth Republic of France has been emerged. There are some important causes behind the decline of the 4th Republic such as errorful parliamentary system, rapid changing of council, weak leadership and so on. The Fourth Republic inherited all those problems which the third Republic was powerless to solve. Ministers in France had rise and fallen almost as rapidly since 1946 as before. So the Fifth Republic was emerged because the Fourth Republic was failed to solve these problems which arise in the France politics and society. According to Dorothy, “The constitution of the Fifth Republic has been described as ‘tailor-made for General de Gaulle, ’Quasi - monarchial, Quasi presidential; a parliamentary empire, unworkable the worst drafted in French constitutional history.’’ A.C. Kapour, “identified two major themes constitute the hub of the entire framework of the constitution; the reconstitution of the authority of the state under the leadership...
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...Since my first convention as a freshman, Spring Convention has been a pinnacle point of my year. Spring has been where I have met some of my best friends and made my most cherished memories at various Spring Conventions. For Almost everyone in USY, USYer looks forward to attending Spring Convention is a highlight of the yearevery year. For many, it is the last time they will see their friends until after the summer. I want to be a convention chairman so that I can personally ensure that the 2012 NERUSY Spring Convention 2012 is a huge success by having a large attendance, a well executed theme, and new programming. Once the convention comes to a close, USYers will look back on that weekend as one of the best experiences of their USY careers.that makes everyone who attends walk away yearning for the next time they can see their USY friends. Being a convention chairman is not an easya long term commitment that requires a lot of time and effort. BeginningAs of the end of January, I will not have anyno daily after school commitments, allowing me to focus my efforts on being a chairman. Seeing as though I live in Newton, I wouldwould be able tonot have a problem with going into the NERUSY office whenever necessary., If I am offered the position of convention chairman Iand am prepared to make Spring Convention 2012 my top priority. For the past two years, I have helped out with Spring Convention orientation. I met with the Regional Executive Board and convention chairmen...
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...Ben Cleveland I. MacMahon and the Government of Moral Order- MacMahon became the president of the Third republic. MacMahon government attempted to restore the moral order of France. Encouraged the French people to repent for their last 75 years of sin. MacMahon moved away from social reforms such as Women’ rights, instead focused on religion and a return to moral purity in France. Used Priest to spread political platforms. Sieze Mai Crisis- The Seize Mai Crisis was brought about by the question of the role of the president. Could President MacMahon hire and fire Prime minster with out the permission of the Republican National Assembly? The National Assembly interpreted the constitution of 1875 in a different light than MacMahon. The Constitution of 1875 had established a week presidency and promoted a parliamentary system helping to bring an end to the royalist political force in France. Ferry Laws-Laws establishing a public education system in france. Jules Ferry as the Minister of education created a national education system. Basic schooling became maditory for children of all socio-economic background. Helped establish a sentiment of unity with in differing socio-economic groups. Teachers were require to get certified by the national bureau of education, removed church from the French educational system The ‘other trench’ Panama Canal Scandal – French Construction company is searching for funding to build Canal in Panama. Jewish contractors approach parliament asking...
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...Case Study #1: Jules Ferry Stephanie Ziaja Chamberlain College of Nursing Contemporary History HIST 410 Professor Jones May 2, 2016 Case Study #1: Jules Ferry Jules Ferry was the prime minister of France whom argued for the expansion of colonies. Ferry had many reasons as to why he wanted to expand and why he believed it would be good for France. Ferry had a debate with a member of the French Parliament regarding his idea of expansion and argued his points. This case study will examine and answer specific questions related to Ferry’s ideas, beliefs and arguments in relation to imperial expansion. According to Ferry, what recent developments in world trade have made it urgent for France to have colonies? Ferry mentioned a few developments in the world trade that made it urgent for France to have colonies. Germany was creating trade barriers that would obstruct trade with France. Industrialization was increasing in France which created a high production of goods that in turn caused an excess of goods in their country. This caused a great need to export their goods out of France. To do this, France needed additional channels because the trade barriers created by Germany were impeding their trade of goods. Ferry recognized this as a serious issue. He believed that it needed to be amended with the expansion of colonies due to their intense growth of industrial population. At this time, the United States had become protectionists. This factor may have been an influence...
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...The American Revolution was no exception to this rule. Thus, the events that took place within the war and subsequent political metamorphosis, from the defeat of the British to the final ratification of the Constitution, all work to restructure much of the characteristics of the states. The American Revolution revolutionized the states and the world by organizing the states together into a national republic and by proving globally that a colony could successfully gain and maintain its independence from its ruling state. However, the Revolution did not significantly alter the individual rights of many citizens, including those of African Americans and women, which largely stayed the same in the years immediately following the revolution. Initially, the most massive change to both the social and...
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...In-Depth Look into France France today is one of the most modernized countries in the world. It is a leader among European nations by playing an influential global role as a permanent member of multiple multilateral organizations such as NATO, the G-7, the G-20, and the EU. The French culture has faced many different struggles throughout the years which has brought them to where they are today. Culture is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the “integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations” (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/culture). The culture of France has evolved to it’s current state through the course...
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...was established by the Treaty of Verdun and the land was divided between Louis the Pious, Charlemagne’s son. France eventually revived political unity in the 16th century. This eventually led to franc native the native language replacing Latin. The 1789 revolution established the first republic which eventually led the demolishing of the monarchy. During...
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...rainforests in the world they are all around the single latitude: equator and between two other latitudes; Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn (where there is a lot of rainfall). The rainforests around the world are in many places - north and east of South America, West Africa, all of Indonesia and west India, most of Madagascar and north-west Australia. Although nowadays most rainforests are reasonably small some of the others are massive. For example the Amazon, in central South America, covers 1.7 billion acres of land. It spans across multiple countries: Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. The second largest tropical rainforest is the Congo Rainforest that is 500 million acres. Six nations share the Congo Rainforest and they are the Central African Republic, the Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. Daintree is another large rainforest that is almost 30 thousand acres. It is in Australia. Tropical rainforests are always located in areas were convectional rainfall occurs. Convectional rainfall happens when land warms up and that heats up the air above. That then causes the air to rise and expand, and whilst the air is rising it cools and then condenses. This, obviously, occurs a lot in tropical areas and...
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...Chapter 1 The French Revolution French Society during the Late Eighteenth Century 1774: Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. Under Louis XVI, France helped America in gaining their independence from Britain. France was experiencing financial instability due to the long years of wars fought by her and the cost of maintaining an extravagant court at the palace of Versailles. Taxes were increased for meeting the expenses of maintaining an army, the court and running government offices or universities. The French Society was divided into three estates– First Estate: Clergy Second Estate: Nobility Third Estate: Big businessmen, merchants, court officials, lawyers, peasants, landless labourers and servants. The first two estates enjoyed certain privileges by birth which also excluded them from paying any taxes to the French government. The members of the third estate had to pay taxes to the State that included a direct tax called taille and a number of indirect taxes levied on the articles of daily consumption. Peasants served in the fields and houses of the privileged classes and they also built the roads and served in the army. The Church collected taxes known as tithes from the peasants. The price of the food grains increased with an increase in the demand for the same. Fixed-waged workers could not afford the expensive food grains. Hence, the gap between the poor and the rich widened. A growing Middle Class 18th...
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...French Revolution The world has seen many revolutions in history. One of the biggest revolutions was the French Revolution because it brought with it many consequences and influences. The political, social, and economic conditions in France were critical issues in the French Revolution. They were instrumental in the cause of the revolution, played a role in the process of the revolt and were altered greatly as a result of the rebellion. Due to the difficult economic situation in France, there was a lot of discontent with the way the country was being ruled. France had an unfair tax system and a large debt caused by the Seven Years War and the American War of Independence. There was a high unemployment, poor harvest due to bitter winter in 1788-1789, and food was extremely expensive. The government seemed uncaring toward the needs of its citizens and was deeply in debt. Also large numbers of unhappy French elite citizens began gathering together to complain about the political situation in France. They were discontent with Louis XIV’s rule and even more concerned by Louis the XV’s style of government. Soon this social action changed into political discussion about changes in the French government. The estates system that had been in place in France had not been functioning well, in fact the legislative assembly had not met for 175 years. Social activities lead directly to the will for political changes. By the Louis XIV reign groups of individuals began opposing abusive government...
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...Federative Republic of Brazil My article will be about the Federative Republic of Brazil. First I will give a brief introduction about the history of the country. Brazil is the only Latin American nation that derives its language and culture from Portugal. The native inhabitants mostly consisted of the nomadic Tupí-Guaraní Indians. Adm. Pedro Alvares Cabral claimed the territory for Portugal in 1500. The early explorers brought back a wood that produced a red dye, pau-brasil, from which the land received its name. Portugal began colonization in 1532 and made the area a royal colony in 1549. During the Napoleonic Wars, King João VI, fearing the advancing French armies, fled Portugal in 1808 and set up his court in Rio de Janeiro. João was drawn home in 1820 by a revolution, leaving his son as regent. When Portugal tried to reimpose colonial rule, the prince declared Brazil's independence on Sept. 7, 1822, becoming Pedro I, emperor of Brazil. Harassed by his parliament, Pedro I abdicated in 1831 in favor of his five-year-old son, who became emperor in 1840 (Pedro II). The son was a popular monarch, but discontent built up, and in 1889, following a military revolt, he abdicated. Although a republic was proclaimed, Brazil was ruled by military dictatorships until a revolt permitted a gradual return to stability under civilian presidents. President Wenceslau Braz cooperated with the Allies and declared war on Germany during World War I. In World War II, Brazil again cooperated...
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...Russell Lytle Professor Jordan History 440 December 13th, 2011 Different Strokes for Different Folks The hunter has now become the hunted. For centuries during the age of the Roman Republic and Empire, citizens of Rome knew that north of the Alps resided longhaired, thick-bearded, untamed races of Germanic peoples that Romans, both pleb and aristocrat eloquently referred to as barbarians. These naked savages to the north had shown they could defeat the mighty Roman Empire repeatedly by using tactics the Roman legions were not accustomed to, and superior knowledge of their home terrain. The Battle of the Teutoburg Forrest and the failed conquest of Briton perfectly illustrate the capability of these so-called barbarians. In addition, as the empire declined, the Germanic tribes to the north made a habit of brutaly raiding and pillaging Italian towns and cities. However, after the Western Roman Empire collapsed the people of Gaul and Germania, once enemies of Rome, became its heirs. Over three centuries following the fall of Rome, the once “barbaric” tribes that had occupied Western Europe now seemed domesticated. The Carolingian dynasty, predominantly under Charlemagne, formed a new Holy Roman Empire, and the modern states of France and Germany were begging to take shape. This along with a widespread devotion to the religion of Christianity, intermarrying of Romans and Franks, an increase of literacy rates, and an improving climate saw the Western Europeans become as civilized...
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...Social 13 - Technology 13 Conclusion 14 Introduction The macro environmental brought together factors that influence an enterprise situation in its market by changing its supply and demand in an exogenous way. The enterprise can’t influence them, but it has to anticipate because they are source of opportunities and threat. In this written work, the macro environmental will be discuss with the example of France. The choice of this country is du to many facts. France was one of the 6 country who created the Europe in 1957. Nowadays this organization allow many countries to develop themselves by a free trade of products and people. This country is a sort of example and as French student I am involve in France economy. To present the macro environmental of France, an analysis of PEST will be require with an explanation of the opportunities and threats in its market. PEST Analysis The PEST method is use to realise an environment analysis or a survey about a country. PEST is the acronym of different domain to...
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...French Revolution Key Figures Biographies | Eden Salmon | Xmas Holiday Homework | Robespierre Maximilien de Robespierre principal figures in the French Revolution. Born on the 6th May 1758 in Arras France he had a troubled childhood with his Mother dying when he was aged just 6 and his Dad leaving soon after that. He and his siblings were raised by their grandparents. Young Maximilien was educated in Paris, graduating from the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and earning a law degree in 1781. He became a lawyer in his home town and lived comfortably with a moderate income. Robespierre then took on a public role, calling for political change in the French monarchy. He became a great follower of social philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, intrigued by the idea of a virtuous man who stands alone accompanied only by his conscience. He was very influenced by the enlightenment and wanted equality and freedom by a means of intellectual debate and practical demonstration. He gained a reputation for defending the poorest of society and earned the nickname "the incorruptible" for his adherence to strict moral values. At age 30, Robespierre was elected to the Estates General of the French legislature. He became increasingly popular with the people for his attacks on the French monarchy and his advocacy for democratic reforms. He also opposed the death penalty and slavery. He was very much a liberal thinker and spread (with the enlightenment) liberal views across France, particularly the third...
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...Could Tecumseh’s plan for a Pan-Indian Confederation, a nation of unified Indians stretching from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico, have worked, if his brother, Tenskwatawa, had not prematurely engaged the United States forces at Tippecanoe? As we learned this week, Tenskwatawa foolishly sent the forces he had at Prophetstown to engage the U.S. forces at Tippecanoe, which played a significant part in Tecumseh failing to create his vision of a Pan-Indian Confederation. However, there is enough strong evidence that, even if Tenkswatawa had chosen to avoid prematurely engaging the United States forces, the plan for a Pan-Indian Confederation was doomed to fail. One of the reasons the Pan-Indian Confederation was doomed was because of there being...
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