...that the areas in the Southern region Oriental area would benefit substantially from such cooperation as it would enhance their aggressive position, both independently and as a group. The Bangladesh offer recommendation that built in sense highly validated regional cooperation, particularly among Southern region China, because the nations in the area enjoy regional contiguity, traditional, public and cultural affinities which would act as synchronization and to reducing of deal costs. First Conference: The international assistants of the seven Southern regions China accordingly decided at their first conference in Colombo (21-23 Apr 1981) to engage in cooperation in five wide places, namely farming, non-urban growth, telephony, meteorology, and wellness and inhabitant’s solutions. The international assistants also decided to set up a Panel of the whole composed mature authorities from the seven nations to recognize and report on other places of possible cooperation. At the first conference of this committee in Colombo (31 August-2 Sept 1981), the need to grow financial interaction, and the need...
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...Trade Organisation (WTO) The WTO was founded in 1995 after the 8 year Uruguay round of talks, and it succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) created in 1947. Most of the WTO's current work comes from the Uruguay Round of negotiations (1986-1994). Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the WTO has 151 members (as at 27th July 2007), accounting for over 97% of world trade. The organisation is governed by a Ministerial Conference, which meets every two years, a General Council which implements the conference's policy decisions and a director-general appointed by the Ministerial Conference. The World Trade Organization deals with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. These agreements are the legal ground-rules for international commerce Global trade deals are negotiated at the Ministerial Conference meetings, which are known as trade rounds and are aimed at reducing barriers for trade. One of the central principles of the WTO is non-discriminations, where products imported from one member country or member bloc, are treated the same as those from any other country. The WTO is a member driven organisation with its rules and agreements resulting from negotiations among member governments. These decisions are made by consensus...
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...APA 6th edition REFERENCING GUIDE Library January 2014 Foreword This guide is designed to give a clear understanding of the accepted format for the acknowledgement of sources of information in accordance with the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Please read through the guide carefully and follow the recommendations. Any comments or queries can be discussed with your lecturer or library staff. For further reading, copies of both the APA Publication Manual and the Concise Rules of APA Style are available from the Polytechnic West libraries. Further information is also available from the APA style website at http://apastyle.org This document is open to continuous improvement. We welcome your comments and contribution. Library Polytechnic West Updated January 2014 APA Referencing Guide 6th Ed 2014 UPDATE.docx 2 Contents What is a referencing system? ................................................................................................................. 4 The APA referencing system .................................................................................................................... 4 In-text citations............................................................................................................................................ 5 Layout of in-text citations ......................................................................................................................
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...Student earning L Centre What is a referencing system? (Author-Date System) HARVARD REFERENCING There are many variations of the Harvard referencing style. This leaflet is based on the AGPS Style Manual (6th edn), 2002. It is advisable to check with each lecturer as to which variation they require you to use and to follow that advice for the work submitted to that lecturer. A referencing system is a standardised way of informing readers of the sources of information, ideas, graphics etc. that are used in any given work, e.g. your assignment. There are a number of different referencing systems, but those most commonly used at Flinders University are: • Harvard (an author-date system) • APA (American Psychological Association, also an author-date system) • The Note system (including footnotes and endnotes). Author-date systems use the authors’ surnames and the year of publication within the text of a work to refer to a detailed list of full references at the end of the work. The Note system uses numbers within the text to refer to details either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the work (endnotes). See the Student Learning Centre (SLC) brochures on the APA and Note systems for details on these systems. Referencing and academic integrity The use of a referencing system to acknowledge other people’s work, ideas and expression is integral to academic writing and academic integrity. See SLC leaflets on Academic Integrity or the 'Academic Integrity...
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...The United Energy Smart Meter Project At the request of the Victorian Government United Energy is currently engaging in “best efforts” to replace the analogue meters on its network with smart meters. Smart meters are an advanced energy meter that measures the energy consumption of a consumer (Depuru, Wang and Devabhaktuni 2011), they allow for demand response energy distribution based on on-peak and off-peak consumption. The benefits of Smart meters are well recognised by many counties with world-wide deployment of digital meters expected to reach 212 million units by 2014, perceived benefits include; energy efficiency, environmental benefits, more consumer choice, better services and greater market competition. (Gerwen, Jaarsma & Wilhite R 2009, Filippini, Hrovatin & Zoric 2004, Victorian Auditor General 2009) About United Energy United Energy is an energy distributor responsible for the infrastructure required to distribute energy from the power station to the consumer. There are currently 16 major distribution networks in Australia with each energy distributor maintaining a monopoly over its designated area. (AEC 2009) Energy distributors own, operate and maintain the network of infrastructure that transports electricity from the generator to the consumer. They do not work directly with the consumer and instead work with energy retailers who are responsible for managing the relationship with the consumer. Energy retailers will bulk purchase energy from an energy...
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...TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Trade and Environment: A Resource Book © 2007 International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Regional and International Networking Group (The Ring). Trade and Environment: A Resource Book Edited by Adil Najam, Mark Halle and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz ISBN 978-1-895536-99-7 Published by International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, The Regional and International Networking Group This publication is available online at http://www.trade-environment.org http://www.iisd.org http://www.ictsd.org http://www.ring-alliance.org Cover photos from iStockphoto. Readers are encouraged to quote and reproduce this material for educational, not-for-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD, http://www.iisd.org) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and...
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...Discussion Papers in Economics INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon Ray* and Sabyasachi Saha January, 2009 Discussion Paper 09-06 Centre for International Trade and Development School of International Studies Jawaharlal Nehru University India * Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM Amit Shovon RAY ∗ Jawaharlal Nehru University, India and Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India Sabyasachi SAHA Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), India ∗ Corresponding author, e -mail: amit.shovon.ray@gmail.com INDIA’S STANCE AT THE WTO: SHIFTING COORDINATES, UNALTERED PARADIGM ♣ Abstract: India’s stance at the WTO has undergone a sea change since the beginning of the Uruguay Round. This paper attempts to trace the shifting coordinates of India’s position at the WTO. By focussing on three specific areas of negotiations, namely agriculture, services and TRIPS, the paper presents a theoretical analysis of how India’s stance at the WTO has evolved over time and whether it reflects any paradigm shift. In the light of international relations theory we argue that although the coordinates of India’s stance at the WTO have shifted over time, the underlying ‘neorealist’ position adopted by India remains by and large unaltered. I. Introduction The...
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...Introduction The men came to their village promising jobs as housekeepers and waitresses in the USA. The Mexican women, as young as 14 and eager for the chance to help their families, agreed to go. When the women arrived in Florida, “bosses” confiscated their false travel documents and said they would be arrested as illegal immigrants if they ever ran away. They were forced to pay their $2,000 transportation fees through prostitution, 12 hours a day, and six days a week. Guards were posted at the doors. Attempted escapes were punished with severe beatings. The bosses considered rape a training method. Mexican farm workers paid $20 for a condom and 15 minutes with a woman, though on average they received $3 per encounter. It became impossible for the women to pay their debts, since the bosses added charges for room, board and miscellaneous fines to the original transportation fee. Eventually two 15 year-olds successfully fled to the Mexican consulate and the traffickers were arrested. The women face deportation to Mexico, where some of the original recruiters are still at large. (D’Agostino, Joseph. “The New Illegal Immigrants: Sex Slaves.” Human Events 7/2/99, Vol. 55, Issue 24, p. 4) Freedom is a short, powerful word we take for granted every day. It is hard to fully appreciate freedom when we have never had it snatched away from us. We get to choose our jobs, where we live, what we eat. If we are unhappy with any of our life situations we have the freedom to leave and...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS AS LEVEL UNIT TWO GOVERNING THE UK “Never, never, never give up” Winston S Churchill 1874-1965 1 GOVERNING THE UK 50% of AS [25% of A2] UNIT TWO SAMPLE QUESTION Answer one question from Section A and one question from Section B in 80 minutes. Spend 40 minutes on Section A and 40 minutes on Section B SECTION A QUESTION ONE PRIME MINISTERIAL POWER “For too long the big political decisions in this country have been made in the wrong place. They are not made around the Cabinet table where they should be, but they are taken on the sofa in Tony Blair’s office. No notes are kept and no one takes the blame when things go wrong. That arrogant style of government must come to an end. I will restore the proper process of government. I want to be Prime Minister of this country not a President (Source: David Cameron, The Times, 5th October 2006) “The Cabinet is the committee at the centre of the British political system. Every Thursday during Parliament, Secretaries of State from all departments as well as other ministers meet in the Cabinet Room in Downing Street to discuss the big issues of the day. The Prime Minister chairs the meeting, selects its members and also recommends their appointment as ministers to the monarch. The present Cabinet has 23 members (21 MPs and two peers). The secretary of the Cabinet is responsible for preparing records of its discussions and decisions”. (Source: From a modern textbook) (a) What...
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...The Need for Whistleblowing Legislation in Canada: A Critical Defence Jonathan Carson Research Officer The Association of Management, Administrative and Professional Crown Employees of Ontario 1 Dundas Street West Suite 2310, Box 72 Toronto, ON M5G 1Z3 carson@amapceo.on.ca Paper presented to the Canadian Political Science Association Conference, June 2006 The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of AMAPCEO Working Paper – Please do not cite without permission from the author Introduction This paper is about the need for whistleblowing legislation in Canada, at both the federal and provincial levels. The focus of the paper is squarely on the public service. Although certain jurisdictions (for example, the United Kingdom1) have a single disclosure regime covering both the private and public sectors, then general trend throughout the world is for distinct legislation for the two sectors. In Canada, there are already numerous statutory avenues for individuals in both the public and private sectors to blow the whistle; however, the grounds for disclosure are generally quite circumscribed, with the statutes tending to deal only with specific concerns, e.g. occupational health and safety or the environment.2 At present whistleblowing legislation is coming into vogue across Canada, at both levels of government. This paper argues that such legislation should have the modest goal of protecting good faith whistleblowers. This...
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...MAINSTREAMING Disaster Risk Reduction IN SCHOOLS’ CURRICULUA (ANALYTICAL INSTRuMENT FOR POLICY ADVOCACY) By, AmjAd NAzeer Indus ConsortIum (IC) (December 2012, IslamabaD, Pakistan) 0 “Things like DRR need to be there in the textbooks. Aspired to interpret, we ourselves will learn further and teach children better. Children will in turn explain things to their younger brothers and sisters, even to their parents and to those who cannot read or write. The new learning has a capacity to inform, who should do what during, before or after a disaster.” Ali Akbar, A primary school teacher in Chack Tumb Bhel, U.C Khoski, Badin. “Disaster Reduction Begins at School” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2006-8) 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……3 2. Growing Frequency of Natural Disasters: A Major Concern……..….…………7 3. Relevant UN Conventions and Other International Commitments….…………7 4. Impact of Natural Disasters on Children and Schools.……………………….....9 5. Education and Psychosocial Impact on Children………………………………10 6. Connecting Education, Safe Schooling and DRR……………………………...10 7. Significance of Mainstreaming DRR in Curriculum and Children’s Potential Role....…………………………………...……………………………………….…12 8. Approaches to Integrate DRR with Sindh and Punjab’s Textbooks….…..…..14 8.1. Infusion or Permeation Approach…………….…………………………………16 8.1.1. Holistic Review of Sindhi, Urdu And English Textbooks….……………..…17 8.1.1.1. Sindhi and Asaan...
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...Asian Criminology (2008) 3:61–73 DOI 10.1007/s11417-007-9040-1 Kidnap for Ransom in South East Asia The Case for a Regional Recording Standard Mohd Kassim Noor Mohamed Received: 27 July 2007 / Accepted: 5 November 2007 / Published online: 15 December 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness of the problem. As kidnapping for...
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...Political Carrer Winston Churchill | | | 11/22/2011 11/22/2011 The Life and Career of Sir Winston Churchill Churchill was involved in every important event of England’s from the Boer War to World War II. He served six British monarchs, from Queen Victoria to Elizabeth II. Through his life he was a statesman, soldier, author, journalist and twice prime minister, Churchill’s career has no parallel in modern history. The Early Years Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born at Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire, England, on November 30, 1874. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a brilliant politician, even though he was one of the most hated. His mother was the American Jennie Jerome. One of his ancestors was John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, a great military hero. Winston Churchill himself showed no early signs of greatness. He was in fact a stubborn, unruly, manipulative, and often difficult red-haired boy and a poor student. He was also given to unpredictable behavior. Before he was even seven years old, it was already clear that he was headstrong, highly opinionated, and virtually impossible to control. He spent four years at Harrow School at the very bottom of his class. However during this time he showed that he had a remarkable memory similar to his father's. He particularly enjoyed English. From early childhood soldiers and warfare fascinated Churchill and he often played with a large collection of lead soldiers in his nursery. His later years at...
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...18/05/2009 TropExo | Ifruitrop International Marketing plan. Focus on TropExo [New Branch in UK] the document title] | Name : Veronica Maria Bento.Student Number : 047069350.Module : International Marketing.Course : International Business Management.Word count : 4400. | Table of Contents 1. Introduction. 3 2. Market Choice. 4 3. Objectives. 5 4. Environment. 6 5. SWOT Analysis. 9 6. Consumer target: Segmentation and positioning. 10 7. The market and competitors. 10 8. Market Entry Strategy. 11 9. The product. 14 10. The Price. 16 11. Channel of distribution. 17 12. Promotion. 17 13. Implementation / Future 18 14. References: 19 Additional reading: 20 15. Appendix. 21 Introduction. For the last several decades, Ifruitrop, based in Ivory Coast, has been a producer and exporter of tropical fruits. Using the effect of globalisation of taste and evolution of technologies, it exported its products in European and Middle Eastern markets. Until now it used an indirect channel of export, e.g. a middle man in foreign countries. However, it recently decided to internationalise through new channels. The stimulus to change the company’s strategy came from its CEO, who has found new opportunities in the European market. In addition, the home market is saturated and the company is reaching excess capacity, which cannot be sold through usual export channels nor on the home market. To assess whether or not they should “stay at home”...
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