...shaken baby syndrome, is a traumatic brain injury to a child as a result of child abuse. Shaking as well as throwing a baby constitutes AHT. When a caretaker forcefully shakes a baby, his or her head muscles will rotate in a circular motion as their head whips back and forth. Impact is especially damaging because the fast acceleration and deceleration is very dangerous and causes blood vessels to rupture, tearing in the brain, and bleeding of the brain. AHT is the most common cause of traumatic brain injury in infants. Around 25% of victims die from AHT. Infants are at a high risk of AHT due to their large head size relative to the rest of their body and their inability to support their head with their...
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...Erikson- last three stages: Intimacy vs iso: close reciprocal connection. Not self-absorb. Emerging adult to lifelong iso..Divorce or death disruption.. Generativity vs stag: care for next generation. Raising own children or mentoring. Integrity vs despair: Erikson was 70 and decided on integrity. Personal journey from a person’s entire life in connection with society is the ultimate goal. Generativity: productive stage (7th). Art, care giving, employment. Caregiving: Kinkeeper: takes responsibility for maintaining communication among family. Sandwich Generation: middle aged adults squeezed by the needs of younger and older members of the family. Intimacy: connect with others; social convoy-family, friends, strangers who move through life with a person. Protective layer of social relation. Affects relationships with siblings and spouses. Integration of death and the acceptance of death. Maslow- top to bottom: 5.Self Actualization: need to live into someone’s full potential. Aesthetic, creative, and spiritual understanding. 4. Esteem: achievement, competence, respect from others. 3. Love and belonging: need to be loved, belong and acceptance. 2. Safety: Feel safe/secure.1. Physiological: need food, drink, shelter. Mid Life Crisis: 35-50yrs. Mostly men. Reflect back and evaluate life. Radical self-examination and transformation. Levinson study. The age 40 crucible-Gail Sheehy 1976. Characteristics of Personality: (O.C.E.A.N): “The Big Five” Openness- imaginative, artistic...
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...Arthritis- inflammation of the joint 2. Meningitis- inflammation of the membrane, brain and spinal cord 3. Myelitis – inflammation of the spinal cord Arthritis is inflammation of the joint and it is used in a medical environment every day. Let’s say a 70 year old comes in with knee pain her knees are swelling and pain that she can barely walk. The doctor will ask a series of question then he would start to run testes like draw fluid from the knee and do x-rays to see what type of arthritis the patient have. Your regular doctor may use the term arthritis because they can give the patient medicine for inflammation and pain if the pain persist (U.S. National Library of Medicine - The World's Largest Medical Library, 2012) the patient will have to see a specialist. Meningitis is inflammation of the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord it is used in a medical environment rarely. If a 5 year old comes to the doctor with symptoms like vomiting, headache, and neck stiffness the doctor will ask question how long have she had these symptoms and run testes like cerebrospinal fluid, check the brain, and C- reactive protein to see what kind of meningitis it is. The hospital use the term meningitis or the patient primary doctor if the patient need further testing they will recommend a specialist. Myelitis is inflammation of the spinal cord. It’s used in a medical environment if a 25 year old comes in with tingling, pain, or loss of feeling. The doctor will run testes they...
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...31 October 2014 Modified and Traditional Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy In 50-70 year-old individuals who has suffered a stroke (either hemorrhagic or ischemic) at least 1 month from onset of accident, how does modified or traditional constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) compared to a more traditional therapy approach in allowing patients to return to performing functional activities of daily living? According to Go et al1, an American dies from a stroke every 4 minutes. In the United States, stroke is the 4th leading cause of death and major cause of a serious and long-term disability.1 A stroke occurs when the blood supply is disrupted to the brain or a blood vessel ruptures in the brain, which can defined as an ischemic stroke...
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...how dangerous football was until the crisis of Mike Webster broke out in the 90s. He played for Pittsburgh, played in the center, and wore number 52. By wearing that number he knew he obviously had to be the toughest player on the field. By playing in the center, there was no glory for Mike Webster. It was play after play while going in head to head with other players. Most guys play for 6 years or so, and then retire but that was not the case for Mike Webster. He played for 17 years in a dangerous game that he loved a lot. After he retired from the NFL, he was a different person than he was before he started playing in the NFL. Pam Webster recalled, “To see his brain declining years later was such a sad thing, because he was incredibly smart, and what I've said the boys have this gift that they see detail that no one else picks up on, and Mike had that gift.” During a football game, sometimes Mike would see someone flexing, moving, and he would then draw them off to the side just by moving his body. He basically knew where everything was on the field. If you were to look for that in his old films when he was playing, you would see mike notice something like that play, and he would turn to Terry Bradshaw and tell him to change the play. Mike was the master of the game for sure. Mike’s ex-wife Pam Webster, said in League of Denial that she had more respect for Mike than any player on the field. Mike’s ex-wife really loved him even though she knew for sure that the NFL had changed...
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...Description of special need: causes and development areas affected (by Changcan Li) Epilepsy is a disorder regarded as by recurring seizures (also known as “seizure disorder). About 3 million Americans have epilepsy. In about 70% of people with epilepsy, the cause is not known. In the remaining 30%, the most common causes are head trauma, brain tumor, lead poisoning, infection of brain tissue or heredity. (Epilepsy & Seizure 101 by Epilepsy Foundation) Dae Shaun is one of these cases and the cause for his epilepsy is head trauma. It is one of kinds of brain injury caused by trauma. Dae Shaun got a hit very hard on the metal in bed when he was asleep at 2 years old. Mom heard gasping sound at middle of the night. The paramedic was called and he was sent into the hospital by a helicopter immediately since he got hit so hard and lost his breath at that moment. He was in the hospital for a month. At first, the doctor thought it...
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...15 year old un-wed pregnant teenager. A new child abuse prevention program was implanted prior to my initial interview with Kate and given her age and circumstance, a referral to this program was warranted. In an effort to combat child abuse it will be imperative to start preventions immediately and consistently. Child abuse affects male and female children, all ages, ethnicities and socioeconomic background (Latz, ppt). The Texas family code defines abuse as: “An act or omission that endangers the child’s physical, mental or emotional health and development.” (Latz, ppt)....
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...Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia that develops in an old age. The initial symptoms may appear as early as at 40 years of age, and after 70 years the rate goes up 30 percent more. A sharp deterioration in the memory is the first symptom of Alzheimer's disease. Later on, person loses an orientation in time, where new information is poorly stored and is constantly blended with memories of the past. More frightening symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are the loss of identity, delusions, hallucinations and other mental disorders, when, in general, not quite old person completely drops out of life. Today, the results of clinical trials for drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease are still far from satisfactory. However, the results...
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...It helps the brain to work effectively and provides the body with energy as it assists the transportation of oxygen through the blood. 3) Calcium is found in milk, yoghurts, cheese and kale. This helps our bones grow and prevents blood clots as well as muscle contraction. M1 Nutritional and energy requirements for females ages 6 and females aged 70 differ in some areas but may have some similarities due to the stages in life, as well as their lifestyles. One of the main obvious differences between their suggested diets is the daily required calorie intake. This is due to the fact that a 70 year olds body is bigger than a 6 year olds and therefore requires more calories as his is needed to provide energy. However, a similarity between the two diets is that they should both be varied, balanced and based on the ‘eatwell plate’. For example: A child’s breakfast should consist of protein, dairy and fibre, as well as the 70 year olds, but the difference would be the amount of each...
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...as “ALS”, or Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ALS is a terminal disease that has no cure what-so-ever. Toxic proteins leak from the brain into the spinal cord. Motor neurons in ALS is what causes a person to die. The motor neurons in ALS is what initiates a person’s muscles to function, but with ALS the muscles weaken and eventually stop working and finally the patient becomes paralyzed. Also a person’s speech starts to slur and eventually end up losing their ability to talk. Recent medical research has discovered that athletes are getting ALS at a younger age due to head injuries and concussions from teen years and younger. For an average person, the diagnosis age is from age 50 to 70 years old. For athletes, the diagnosis age is mid 30’s. It is also more common for men because men continue playing sports after high school. Multiple concussions and hits to the head can lead to CTE, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. Another discovery is that ALS is a genetic disease. Memory loss, appears as well. CTE’s cause dementia in athletes due to repeated hits in the head. Concussions are a major part in ALS and...
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...eruptions are effusive (molten rock flows from the vent). Measuring Explosive Eruptions Chris Newhall of the United States Geological Survey and Stephen Self of the University of Hawaii developed the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) in 1982. It is a relative scale that enables explosive volcanic eruptions to be compared with one another. It is very valuable because it can be used for both recent eruptions that scientists have witnessed and historic eruptions that happened thousands to millions of years ago. The primary eruption characteristic used to determine the volcanic explosivity index is the volume of pyroclastic material ejected by the volcano. Pyroclastic material includes volcanic ash, tephra, pyroclastic flows, and other types of ejecta. The height of the eruption column and the duration of the eruption are also considered in assigning a VEI level to an eruption. What’s the first thing that comes to mind when you think about getting old?...
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...Where did the name, Alzheimer's come from Sometimes called Alzheimer disease or Alzheimer's the origin of the term dates back to 1906 when Dr. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician presented a case history before a medical meeting about a 51-year-old female who suffered from a rare brain disorder. What is Alzheimer's Wikipedia says that Alzheimer's accounts for 60% to 70% of cases of dementia. It is a Neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gets worse over time. The disease and its cause is poorly understood with professionals hypothesizing such factors as genetics, head injuries, depression, hypertension, plaques and tangles in the brain and several other possible causes that run the gambit. The diagnosis processes include such things as medical imaging and blood tests....
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...TITLE: THE EFFECT OF AGE ON SHORT TERM MEMORY ABSTRACT: Age associated declines in cognitive processes are important to the understanding of the human mind. This study investigates the relationship between ageing and short term memory in particular, by first exploring current cognitive and neuroscientific research involving concepts such as short term/working memory, long term memory and ageing, and secondly, by means of a short term memory experiment involving verbal and numerical stimuli, that was administered to two age groups- 20 to 40 year old adults and 50 to 70 year olds. The results of the experiment were then analysed using the ANOVA statistical software programme. The results did not conclusively show age related decline in short term memory performance in all segments of the test. Memory decline with increased age was apparent in the free recall word stimuli, and in the analyses of the number of incorrectly remembered words. The serial recall digit sequence did not show any statistically significant effects. The final section of this study addresses the possible explanations for the results, as well as the limitations of the study. Contents 1.Introduction 5 2.What is memory? 5 2.1 short term memory 5 2.2 working memory 7 2.3 the relationship between ageing and memory 8 2.4 long term memory...
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...‘Water is essential for life’. It keeps our body hydrated, it is healthy, and helps carry oxygen to our brain (blood cell). Without water, we would all shrivel up and die. After all, our body is made up of 70%water! But there’s more to water than you think. In the next few paragraphs, you will learn more about water than you would ever want to and find some amazing facts! You all know that humans are made up of 70% water, right? Our lungs, brain, and heart all are made up of mainly water. But what about a chicken’s lung? Or a worm’s brain? Or even an elephant’ heart? It might surprise you or it might not, but chickens, worms, and elephants are all made up of 72% water! Think of how big an elephant is. More than half of that is water. That’s a lot of water! Drinking a glass of cold, pure water? Well, next time you drink a glass of water, think about this. That glass of water has been around longer than you. Water is continuously recycled and never lost. The water you drink is the same kind of water that dinosaurs used to drink! Millions and millions of years old! Of course though, water can get contaminated and then we humans have to purify it to make it fit to drink. Did you know that all foods have at least a little bit of water in them? All food has some water in it, even carrots! ANYTHING YOU CAN THINK OF! Bread has water in it! Cheese has water in it! Even eggs have some water in them! So don’t think that meeting your daily requirement of 8-10 cups of water is that hard...
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...state of mind. (1) There is a correlation between drug usage and criminal behavior, predisposing individuals to commit social acts of crime due to the biological altercations that the drugs have on one’s brain. Abusing illegal drugs can definitely turn a normal individual into a criminal by socially impairing them and causing them to commit acts of crime that they would not have committed if they were sober. A study conducted by the US Department of Justice showed that 1 in 4 criminal offenders were on drugs when they committed their...
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