...A. Introduction Eschatology is a Christian Doctrine that refers to the end times of the universe as in general or death of a person as singular. The diverse cultures therein the Melanesian realm also employs diverse philosophies of life in relation to death and related aspects to it. This work seeks to identify a cultural model to compare and contrast with the Christian Doctrine of Eschatology, one that could be useful to explain eschatology to its relevant congregation. It is a wide topic of discussion which does not fall within the scope of this work. It will only present an overview of the Christian Doctrine and my traditional culture of North Pentecost. This is to clarify why it could be possible to use that cultural model to explain eschatology to its relevant congregation. Therefore it will elaborate on these viewpoints; * What is Eschatology * Pentecost Model * Life * Environment/Space * Comparison and Contrast * Similarities * Differences * Reason why it is a possible model A. What is Eschatology Eschatology means the science or teachings concerning the last things derive from the Greek word eschatos which means last and eschata which means the last things. It is a study that specifically concerns with the end times. What it is to come at the end of one’s life or the destiny of humanity. Therefore, Christianity views history or time as linear not cyclical. At the very early stage of Christian community, they interpreted it as...
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...clear that environmental ethics must be taken very seriously. But there have been a number of ethical approaches towards the environment trying to tackle and provide moral guidelines on how to treat and use the earth. During the course of this essay I will attempt to outline a few of the main secular and religious approaches to environmental issues and then through evaluation come up with a conclusion on which I feel is the best to follow. To make a good environmental theory, the ethical approach must provide moral guidelines for governments, big businesses and individuals alike. One secular theory, which tries to achieve this, is Conservationism. The conservationist theory aims to look at the value of that the environment has to humans and how looking after it and using it will affect us. The conservationist approach takes a shallow ecology approach, which believes that the earth has instrumental value. This means that if lowering the carbon emissions to protect the Maldives will benefit human life then a conservationist approach will argue that this is a good thing to do. The conservationist approach can be closely linked to Bentham’s hedonistic approach to Utilitarianism, sharing the ‘ if its beneficial enough to humans then we will do it but we wont bother if its too much work’ approach, which is also a secular theory. This anthropocentric view is useful when looking at ways to ensure individuals to there bit as it holds the moral opinion that by helping the earth you...
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...United States-Centric Views Comparison Consider this question: What are an average American’s perceptions about Muslim/Arab American and Christian American groups? Copy each descriptor from the paragraph below and paste it into the table according to how you think an average American would categorize the descriptor. Would each descriptor best apply to Christian Americans only, Muslim and Arab Americans only, or to both groups? In organizing this information, you are conveying what you think most Americans perceive about these groups, so there are no “right” answers. In fact, your table categorizations may be markedly different from what you personally believe is true. Descriptors Good neighbors, family oriented, oppressive to women, not oppressive to women, women as homemakers, women who go to work, patriarchal society, modest dress, immodest dress, well educated, undereducated, religious content in education, secular content in education, devout, law abiding, conservative political values, moderate political values, governed by Biblical law, governed by the Qur’an, fanatically religious, religious values perpetuated in politics, religion part of government, male-dominated political environment, political environment open to both sexes, violent, peaceable, socially exclusionary, socially inclusive, socially oppressed, socially compliant, sexist, feminist, strict moral values, moderate moral values, flexible moral values Table |Christian Americans ...
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...1. In today’s culture the Christian gospel is perceived in many different ways. The Christian gospel is viewed as being too conservative in our main stream culture. Often the Christian gospel is believed to be too strict and indifferent towards other beliefs, while others believe that the Christian gospel in the true road to salvation. All these views are based on how as a society, we are developed and educated. 2. Some specific moral reasons why people may reject the Christian gospel is because of other religions believe that there are other ways to salvation. Also, an individual’s first being introduced to the Bibles teachings may reject the Christian gospel because they feel that even though they may sin a little, they believe they are a good person at heart and that they should be granted salvation. 3. Some specific emotional reasons why people may reject the Christian gospel is that each individual is raised in their own environment with different beliefs and religions. The emotional cause could be a result of the views of family, friends or the peer pressure of believing that you need to belong to a certain group of people and believe what they believe. 4. Some specific intellectual reasons why people may reject the Christian gospel would be how they were educated, as some individuals take a more scientific approach to how the world is explained. There are also those who educated in different religious beliefs that are taught to reject Christianity...
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...the question of whether or not there is a fixed definition of the term religion, if that term is imbued in Western Christian bias, and the confusions that result in this analytically empty but ideologically loaded term. This term is used in so many different contexts that it has no clear meaning. Fitzgerald says that “the word ‘religion’ is analytically redundant and even misleading” (Fitzgerald 5), because religion refers to a “belief in gods or the supernatural” (Fitzgerald 5), and it was of “traditional European usage” (5). Fitzgerald claims that people have “self-consciously attempted to transform the meaning of religion…and extend it as a cross-cultural category” (Fitzgerald 5). The problem is that people have been incorrectly labeling cross-cultural categories under one term ‘religion,’ that imbues Western Christian views that do not accurately reflect the principles of many cultures. According to Fitzgerald, “working with the blurred and yet ideologically loaded concept of ‘religion’ as a starting point can confuse and impoverish analysis…encourage the uncritical imposition of Judaeo-Christian assumptions on non-western data, and generally maximize our chances of misunderstanding.” This means that explaining Islam to someone, for example, under the category ‘religion’ will imbue Western bias, as the concept of religion now generally reflects Christian view, therefore will misconstrue data about Islam....
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...individual or a group…” Weltanschauug is also cited in “Weider and Gutierrez’s’ text Consider as a widely accepted term and was first coined by the Prussian philosopher, Immanuel Kant in his Critique of Judgment published in 1790.” It appears that many philosophers will agree that “Worldview” is one’s perception of the world. Everyone has a “worldview” but may not be aware of this view. Conscience or not it dictates how they live or act in the world…Worldview does not necessarily have to do with a perception of the world or the planet but instead it deals with a thought process that is developed from several sources. Our culture, our environment, Parents, teachers, beliefs, and our own reasoning affect our worldview. One can have many worldviews; however the worldview that” most” allow to dictate or the view that is practiced by most is their religious worldview. Children generally follow the religious worldview of their parents…they trust their parents. So a child who is reared in a Christian household would learn the views and values of the Christian and from there he/she will form or add on to those views as they grow into adult hood. Parents influence every aspect of their children’s...
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...To what extent is it true to claim that people have an individual sense of moral responsibility for environment? (35 marks) When looking at environmental ethics, we are focusing on our attitudes towards the impact on the biological and geological aspects of our planet and whether human actions maintains or disturbs the balance between the planet's different life forms and geological systems. This essay will include exploring theories and deciding whether we have an individual moral responsibility towards the environment. Many people believe that as humans, we do have a moral responsibility towards the environment and we must preserve and protect it for the future generations. However, others take an anthropocentric view and they believe that humanity is the centre of creation and therefore has greater importance over the environment so we should do to the environment what we wish, if it serves a purpose for us. Christian views have often be accused of placing an emphasis on human domination of the world and therefore not taking an individual moral responsibility for the environment. This belief perhaps comes from the Bible itself where, in Genesis it says that humans are given "dominion over the fish…the birds…over all the earth" dominion, being defined as having sovereignty or control over everything means that if humans have dominion then God's creation is anthropocentric and therefore a human must do what he needs to do if it betters his quality of life, despite what...
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...THEOLOGY/TURABIAN PRESENTED TO PROFESSOR KEVIN HARTLESS FOR ENGL 101 – D09 BY REV. JOSEPH T. WHITAKER, III LU23755920 LIBERTY UNIVERSITY LYNCHBURG, VA AUGUST 11, 2015 2 Christian Environmental Responsibility The Holy Bible gives clear instructions concerning the natural environment and the Christian’s sacred duty to preserve and restore the planet Earth. God has provided direct instructions as well as guidelines in principle, for all Christians to obey and honor. The question arises, what conduct and actions are imperative and biblically mandated for Christians to engage in concerning the environment and its preservation and restoration? Research reveals that God requires mankind to contribute as caretakers and stewards over His wonderful creation. The Reason for Christian Environmentalism The dictionary definition for environmentalism is expressed as: “Advocacy of the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment; especially: the movement to control pollution.” The primary foundational reason for the practice of environmentalism is, because of the universal pollution inflicted upon all of creation as a result and consequence of mankind’s Original Sin. The fallen angel Satan introduced sin into the universe in his rebellion against God; and the first human...
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...that both religions preach strong beliefs and devout lifestyles that contradict each other creates an environment for struggle. Additionally, the expression “two wrongs don’t make a right” helps encapsulate the root of the problems that continue to persist between the two religions. This prolonged hatred is the result from centuries of conflict between religious descendants. In the modern world, social media is increasingly influencing both Christianity and the Islam faith through raising awareness and presenting biased opinions. As Christianity and the Islamic state globally become more aware of each other, the differences in each religion have become an expansion of animosity against the opposing faith. A popular view from both faiths of Islam and Christianity involve a defensive and aggressive stance towards the opposing religion. Islamic followers in many aspects of belief disagree with and reject Christian views. This is created by feedback loop that has influenced many Muslims on different levels towards having a hateful mindset. Largely due to media created opinions, Islamic followers are lead to believe the worst about Christianity. This is only compounded by a conflictual history between the two religions and many people’s unwillingness to forgive. Not unlike the Islam view on Christianity, there are many views of Islam that are popular to shun and reject as a Christian. The media and other social feedback loops have also influenced many...
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...Christianity. Jews and Christians will view this piece at the Christian and Jewish Interfaith Cultural and Historical Center; this piece will appropriately represent both faiths. Team C will discuss beliefs on how the piece will reflect Jewish and Christian concepts of humanity's relationship to the world and deity also how the piece will enhance intellectual and physical environments. Representations of developments in world events and cultural patterns past and present in Judaism and Christianity The designed piece placed in the new the Christian and Jewish Interfaith Cultural and Historical Center will promote unity among the Jews and Christians. A number of sensitive issues separated these two faiths. However, this piece will force both Jewish and Christian leaders to look past their differences and conflicts and seek a common ground. Doing this will give their children and followers a solid foundation to pursue their own religious journeys based on learning both Judaism and Christianity, respect for other religions, and a personal sense of spirituality and ethical values. Appropriate location for proposed piece Placing this piece in the entrance of the Christian and Jewish Interfaith Cultural and Historical Center is very much appropriate. The Christian and Jewish Interfaith Cultural and Historical Center is a place where Jews and Christians can develop an appreciation for spiritual and moral values in one another and in society. Both Jewish and Christian leaders and their...
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..."The purpose of developing a Christian view of the world is not merely to evaluate and judge the world, but to change it," (Boa, 2004). Having a Christian worldview is hard enough in American but add in the entire world and it can be a little trickier. Thinking Christianly has a major impact on how someone would do business overseas, in a global economy. When it comes to a Christian worldview in a global economy there are numerous issues that can come up. Different countries and cultures have different things that they deem acceptable; however, when you are looking at it from a Christian standpoint you may have to handle things in a different manner. Just because something is acceptable or legal in the world does not make it acceptable to someone with a Christian worldview. John 17:17 says that, "The word is truth," so when one is looking for direction and guidance in any aspect of business he will always know that the word of God is truth that he can turn to. Although the field of business has many negative connotations with Christianity there are also positive ones. There are two main issues that this paper will address. The first issue, pollution, can be view negatively. The second issue, job opportunities, can be view positively. The first issue, Environmental issues play a key role in why some companies do business overseas. A lot of American based companies like to establish their productions in Mexico because of the lower environmental rules. Many third world countries...
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...of the Christian worldview and reflect on implications for your own worldview. Write a 1,250-1,500-word essay using at least two course resources (textbook, lectures, the Bible) and at least two other sources from the GCU Library to support your points. Remember, the Bible counts as one reference regardless of how many times you use it or how many verses you cite. Begin your paper with an appropriate introduction, including a thesis statement to introduce the purpose of the paper. Organize your paper with the following sections using the seven underlined titles for subheadings. The Christian Worldview: Describe the beliefs of the Christian worldview with regard to the following components corresponding to Topics 2-5. Write at least one paragraph for each component using the underlined title for a subheading. God: What is God like? What are God's characteristics? What is his creation? To explain god and what his characteristics mean to a Christian would be to explain what it means to Christian. God is good, an entity that does not present with evil. God is loving, does not represent hate. God is just, has understanding with reason. These are also three of the attributes that humans should have and possess. This make the Christian god relatable and with achievable expectation. The attributes of god allows for a base of morality for people. With this ability to meet the expectations of god people can achieve a moral world view. This in turn gives Christians the ability...
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...Christian Duty in the Natural World It is the responsibility of Christians across the United States, as well as globally, to protect, preserve and repair the natural environment of the planet. When individuals pollute or otherwise harm the planet, they are, in effect, disrespecting God. While this may seem farfetched, it is rational when one recognizes that humans first assumed the responsibility of tending the global environment when they entered into the very first covenant with God during the times of the Israelites. Additionally, while having broad focus on what to fix may be preferable to some, there are better methods for beginning the conservation work. In the very first book of the Holy Bible we see God demanding of us to be stewards of the environment. In the Bible we see, “The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it.” (ESV Study Bible: English Standard Version, Gen. 2:15) In this passage it is clearly apparent that God assigned the responsibility of stewardship of the planet to man. By taking a more allegorical approach to this particular piece of the Bible, a reader can see that the Garden of Eden is actually the planet Earth itself, pre-sin, and God’s placement of Man and directions to him as the charge put forth on maintaining the planet. Yet another example is found in Leviticus 25:23, “The land shall not be sold in perpetuity, for the land is mine. For you are strangers and sojourners with me.” In this verse...
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...Running head: HERITAGE ASSESSMENT TOOL: EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT Heritage Assessment Tool: Evaluation of Different Cultures and Individual Views of Health Micaela Simon Grand Canyon University Family-Centered Health Promotion 429V Melanie Escobar RN MSN August 31, 2012 Heritage Assessment Tool: Evaluation of different Cultures and Individual Views of Health The Heritage Assessment Tool can be used as as a reliable tool to assess, health maintenance, protection and restoration of individual cultural beliefs. This evaluation helps meet the needs of different patient populations to provide quality holistic care. The purpose of this paper is to explore the Hispanic, Native American, Chinese, and the author’s own personal cultural beliefs from perspectives of health traditions, maintenance, promotion and restoration of health. The objectives are to identify different families and the own common health traditions based of the cultural heritage. Evaluate and discuss how the families ascribe to traditions and practices. The evaluation of these different cultures reveal similarities and differences in traditions that may help provide holistic optimal health delivery. The definition of cultural awareness is an individual’s awareness of their understanding between themselves and other backgrounds, attitudes to health and specific cultural values (Cultural awareness, n.d). Cultural competence refers to knowledge and skills that must be obtained to care for culturally...
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...United States-Centric Views Comparison In comparing and contrasting my answers to my participants (Francesca Carrubba), I have came to the conclusion that my views are quit different than my participants. My views appear to be much more prejudice and stereotypical of how Christian Americans and Arab-Muslims are viewed. We had many similar views as far as Christian Americans. However we had some desriptors in the “Both Groups” category with similar views as far as both Christian Americans and Arab-Muslims being family orientated, modest dressed, law abidin, sexist, flexible moral values, patriarchal society, religious content in education, devout and feminist. Our differences were many as my participant obviously has less predjudice views than I do. It's quite interesting in camparing our views as they match with what we have been accustom to in our lives. My participant was raised in a town that had a vast majority of ethnic groups where as I was raised in a small suburb mainly consisting of the Caucasion race. This just proves to me that what I have learned in this class, which is just how much stereotypes are unreliable generalizations and that predjudice is a form of absolute ignorance. The true facts about Arab-Muslims are that they are goverened by Qur'an and they are fanatically religious. A true facts about Christian Americans is that they are more open to political environment of both sexes. I believe a false statement of my participants is the fact...
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