...psychology.org/bruner.ht ml JOHN DEWEY http://www.infed.org/thinkers/e t-dewey.htm Importance of CULTURE humans use of tools and symbols to learn – culture dictates what we learn and how • Higher and Lower mental functions – elementary (or lower) functions gradually transform to HMF through culture • Central ROLE OF LANGUAGE: Language is made possible because of our culture (tools and symbols). The learning of language (or signs) is brought about by social processes, and language or signs ultimately make thought possible. Three stages in the development of speech a. Social speech – speech to control the behavior of others b. Egocentric speech – three to seven year olds – talking to themselves to learn c. Inner speech – soundless speech – thinking in our head • ZONE OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT: The discrepancy between a child's mental age [indicated by the static test] and the level he reaches in solving problems with assistance is the zone of his proximal development. _________________________________ ABRAHAM MASLOW http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/m aslow.html HEIRARCY OF NEEDS • Physiological needs • Safety needs • Belonging needs • Esteem needs • Self-actualization • Principles: learning is an active process in which learners construct new ideas or concepts based upon their current/past knowledge – DISCOVERY and INQUIRY LEARNING • Instruction must be concerned with the experiences and contexts that make the student willing and able to learn (readiness). • Instruction must be structured...
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...EDU-225 Instructional Technology April 13, 2013 Instructor: Toni Kutner COMPREHENSIVE CLASSROOM TECHNOLOGY PLAN Mission Statement: Teachers will promote 21st Century Pedagogy. Emphasis will be placed on core subjects to support state standards of learning. In addition, students will develop skills in creativity, critical thinking, problem solving, communications and collaboration, life skills and digital technology. Technology will be a tool to engage students in the learning process. Teachers will engage in professional development to enhance education. Teachers will prepare students for success in the 21st century global and multicultural community. Vision Statement: The 21st century student will learn to his or hers fullest potential. Technology will be woven into traditional and innovative teaching methods to enhance student learning. The needs of students will be fully addressed to prepare them for lifelong learning, personal success and independence for their future achievements. Rational: In order to prepare students of the future, it is necessary to engage students with the aid of new technologies. Students of today are digital natives. They have grown up in a society filled with innovative technology. Technology is advancing in an accelerated pace. It is role of educators to keep pace with these advances and find new and innovated ways to facilitate student learning. “Traditional 20th century educational practices will no longer...
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...School of Health and Education Secondary PGCE Programme Handbook 2015-16 Student Name: Programme Leader: Eddie Ellis PGCE Secondary Programme Handbook 2015-16 Information in alternative formats This handbook can be found online at: https://myunihub.mdx.ac.uk/web/homecommunity/mystudy If you have a disability which makes navigating the website difficult and you would like to receive information in an alternative format, please contact http://unihub.mdx.ac.uk/support/disability/i ndex.aspx Sections from this publication can be supplied as: • a Word document with enlarged type — sent by email or supplied on a CD or memory stick • printed copy with enlarged type • printed copy on non-white paper • as Braille Other formats may be possible. We will do our best to respond promptly. To help us, please be as specific as you can about the information you require and include details of your disability. PGCE Secondary Programme Handbook 2015-16 Purpose and status of your student programme handbook The purpose of this handbook is to provide you with information about your programme of study and to direct you to other general information about studying at Middlesex University, the majority of which is available on UniHub. The material in this handbook is as accurate as possible at the date of production however you will be informed of any major changes in a timely manner. Your comments on any improvements to this handbook are welcome. Please put them in writing...
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...Resume Guide for Teachers This packet is intended to serve as a starting point for creating or improving your teaching resume. Included in this packet are best practices that the Career Center have researched and found to be true. Information and sample resumes within this packet are not intended to be taken verbatim. Constructing a teaching resume is an art, not a science. Make your personal resume unique and stand out by making it represent you. The resources this packet highlights are available to all students; take advantage of the Career Center and the services it provides you. What to Expect Teaching Resume Aesthetics, Content & Editing…………..………………………..Page 3 Three necessary components of a great teaching resume are detailed Key Elements of a Successful Teacher Resume……………………………………...Page 4 Mandatory vs. optional elements in a successful teaching resume Poor Teaching Resume Example……………………………………………………..Page 5 Details common mistakes of a teaching resume Transferable Skills & Action Verbs…………………………………………………....Page 6 A comprehensive list of transferable skills and action verbs that have potential in a teaching resume Constructing a Proper Achievement Statement (bullet point)………………………Page 7 Creating a bullet point stress you out? Here is a fool proof way to construct a proper achievement statement. Buzz Words……………………………………………………………………………..Page 7 Answer the question, “What are buzz words and how should they be used in a resume” Teaching...
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...different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. WHY USE IT? Documented results include improved academic achievement, improved behavior and attendance, increased self-confidence and motivation, and increased liking of school and classmates. Cooperative learning is also relatively easy to implement and is inexpensive. HOW DOES IT WORK? Here are some typical strategies that can be used with any subject, in almost any grade, and without a special curriculum: Group Investigations are structured to emphasize higher-order thinking skills such as analysis and evaluation. Students work to produce a group project, which they may have a hand in selecting. STAD (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions) is used in grades 2-12. Students with varying academic abilities are assigned to 4- or 5-member teams in order to study what has been initially taught by the teacher and to help each reach his or her highest level of achievement. Students are then tested individually. Teams earn certificates or other recognition based on the degree...
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...Effect of Classical Music on the Reading Comprehension of Iranian Students Nasser Rashidi Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Email: Nrashidi@rose.shirazu.ac.ir Farman Faham Shiraz University, Iran Abstract—The influence of music on language learning and performance has been the subject of study for many years. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of classical music (Mozart Sonata) on the reading comprehension performance of two groups of Iranian students in an English institute in Iran. To this end, the study compared two groups of Iranian English students (N=60) over a period of three months: one was taught reading comprehension with a music background and the other with no music background whatsoever. The results of the study showed a significant difference between the performance of the group exposed to music and the performance of the other group not exposed to music. The group taught reading comprehension with a music background outperformed the other taught it with no music background. Index Terms—reading comprehension, music, background music, classical music, Mozart sonata I. INTRODUCTION The use of music as a tool by language teachers to teach foreign languages has been the center of attention to researchers for many years. That is why in the literature we can see different, but mostly positive comments concerning the effectiveness of music in language learning and performance. It has been stated that music can contribute to acquiring...
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...institutional Centers around the world, which can be favorable, although it also has the potential to dilute the power of a centralized location and operation. To address this issue, this paper describes the idea of partnering Centers around a collaborative hub to offer more powerful opportunities in the context of resource utilization. It would appear that many institutions had originally used the word “Center” in association with typical mainstream definitions of center, which include a person, or group, or thing in the middle; to focus or bring together; to have as a main point, or theme. Others may perceive Centers as the ring around a bull’s eye, i.e., a potential target. Regardless, of the specific viewpoint, most believe that the intent of developing an institutional Center would be to develop a centralized gathering place for ideas, people and events. However, in actual practice, university Centers are generally established by administrative decree with limited faculty integration and support. They operate on the periphery of institutions, with little interaction or...
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...by creativity? 3.1 Definitions or descriptions of creativity 3.2 High creativity 3.3 Ordinary, or ‘democratic’ creativity 13-15 4.0 The development of creativity in education 4.1 Research into the development of creativity in education 4.1.1 Comprehensive approaches 4.1.2 Educational approaches 4.1.3 Psychodynamic approaches 4.1.4 Humanistic approaches 4.1.5 Behaviourist approaches 4.2 Teaching approaches to developing creativity 4.2.1 ‘Creative cycle’ approaches 4.2.2 Single-strategy approaches 4.2.3 Multi-strategy approaches 4.2.4 System approaches 4.2.5 Overall pedagogic criteria approaches 16-22 3 5.0 Assessment and creativity 5.1 Recording and assessing creativity 23-24 6.0 Conclusions and key findings 6.1 High and democratic creativity 6.2 Domain-specific and generic creativity 6.3 Teacher and pupil creativity 6.4 Pedagogic strategies 6.5 Recording and assessing creativity 6.6 Gender issues 6.7 Cultural issues 6.8 Social context issues 25-28 7.0 References 29-37 4 Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Aims and purposes This review forms part of a project which the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) is taking...
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...DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Education (AETC) Maxwell AFB, AL 36118 NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICER ACADEMY STUDENT GUIDE PART I COVER SHEET LESSON TITLE: CF01, SUCCESSFUL LEARNING TIME: 4 Hours METHOD: Informal Lecture, Guided Discussion LESSON REFERENCES: 1 Apr 12 Air Force Manual (AFMAN) 36-2236. Guidebook for Air Force Instructors, 12 November 2003. Bloom, Benjamin S., Max D. Englehart, Edward J. Furst, Walker H. Hill, and David R. Krathwohl. The Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York: McKay, 1956. Halpern, Diane F. Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1996. Hopson, Barrie, and Mike Scally. Time Management: Conquering the Clock. California: Pfeiffer & Company, 1993. Krathwohl, David R., Benjamin S. Bloom, and Bertram B. Masia. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, The Classification of Educational Goals, Handbook II: Affective Domain. New York: McKay, 1964. Mayer, Jeffrey J. If You Haven’t Got The Time To Do It Right, When Will You Find The Time To Do It Over? New York: Fireside/Simon & Schuster, 1990. Mayer, Jeffrey J. Time Management for Dummies. California: IDG Books, 1995. McGee-Cooper, Ann and Duane Trammel. Time Management for Unmanageable People. New York: Bantam Books, 1994. University of Northwestern Ohio, Virtual College. Learning Styles Evaluation, 14 December 2000. STUDENT PREPARATION: Read...
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...SDLANG-T/1/2005±2008 LADLAN-A/1/2005±2008 DLL301-Q/1/2005±2008 LLL301-E/1/2005±2008 97636509 3b2 SDLANG style CONTENTS FOREWORD xii STUDY UNIT 1 _______________________________________________________________________ OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION 2 1.2 WHY DID SOUTH AFRICA'S EDUCATION SYSTEM NEED TO CHANGE? 3 1.3 WHAT IS OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION? 3 1.3.1 What are the characteristics of outcomes-based education? 3 1.3.2 The difference between the old and the new approach 4 1.4 OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION PRINCIPLES AND TERMINOLOGY 6 1.4.1 Learning area 6 1.4.2 Critical outcomes 7 1.4.3 Learning outcomes 8 1.4.4 Assessment standards 9 1.4.5 Assessment 9 1.4.6 Themes 9 1.5 PLANNING AN OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION LEARNING UNIT 11 1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY UNIT 11 1.7 CONCLUSION 12 STUDY UNIT 2 _______________________________________________________________________ TEACHING LANGUAGE IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 13 2.1 INTRODUCTION 14 2.2 MULTILINGUALISM 14 2.3 HOME LANGUAGE, FIRST AND SECOND ADDITIONAL LANGUAGES 15 2.4 SWITCHING AND MIXING CODES 16 2.5 LANGUAGE TEACHING IN A MULTICULTURAL CONTEXT 18 2.6 CULTURE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING 19 iii 2.7 LANGUAGES WITH HIGH AND LOW STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA 21 2.8 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY...
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...Leadership U2-C1-L5 Sexual Harassment/Assault Chapter 2: Leadership Skills U2-C2-L1 Steps from the Past U2-C2-L2 Roles of Leaders and Followers in Drill U2-C2-L3 Using Your Leadership Skills/Taking Charge 57 61 67 73 77 81 85 89 Unit 3 - Foundations for Success Chapter 1: Know Yourself – Socrates U3-C1-L1 Self Awareness U3-C1-L2 Appreciating Diversity through Winning Colors U3-C1-L3 Personal Growth Plan U3-C1-L4 Becoming an Active Learner U3-C1-L5 Pathways To Success (QBOL) Chapter 2: Learning to Learn U3-C2-L1 Brain Structure and Function U3-C2-L2 Left and Right Brain Functions U3-C2-L3 Learning Style and Processing Preferences U3-C2-L4 Multiple Intelligences Chapter 3: Study Skills U3-C3-L1 Thinking Maps U3-C3-L2 Reading For Meaning U3-C3-L3 Study Habits that Work for You Chapter 4: Communication Skills U3-C4-L1 The Communication Process U3-C4-L2 Becoming a Better Listener Chapter 5: Conflict Resolution U3-C5-L1 Causes of Conflict U3-C5-L2 Conflict Resolution Techniques Chapter 8: Making a Difference with Service Learning U3-C8-L1 Orientation to Service Learning...
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...Evidence that technology can, and does, support learning. A white paper prepared for Cable in the Classroom James M. Marshall, Ph.D. San Diego State University May 2002 Executive Summary “We’ve wired the schools — now what?” This question resonates with educators, and troubles them at the same time. After countless local and national efforts have boosted the infrastructure of our schools, the significant issues now arise. Should we continue to pump money into educational technology for our schools? Do computers really help students learn? How can students and teachers best learn from the World Wide Web and its content? These questions are not new, nor unique to the dawn of Internet-connected schools. Earlier technologies, from textbook and illustration to film, television, and multimedia computer, have prompted similar ponderings. If technology is to have a significant role in schools, we need assurance that it works. More emphatically, we need confidence that use of educational technology results in learning. Research, both historical and contemporary, suggests that technology-based instruction can and does result in learning. Witness these examples of television, multimedia, and computer technologies delivering content to support learning: • Watching the television program Blue’s Clues has strong effects on developing preschool viewers’ flexible thinking, problem solving, and prosocial behaviors (Bryant, Mullikin, McCollum, Ralastin, Raney, Miron, et...
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...COGNITIVE ASPECTS UNDER CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) Sandip Ratna, Department of Mathematics, State College of Teacher Education, Kohima::Nagaland, e-mail: sandipncte@yahoo.in Abstract 21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence for responsibility of the school and teachers became more important in formal form of education, with the changing needs of the time, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. With continuous and comprehensive evaluation we must adopt modified entities of cognitive domains known as revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy developed by Dr. Lorin Anderson, 1999, a former student of Bloom's, and his colleagues. The updated version of Bloom’s Taxonomy with respect to cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system can be used for the purpose of 21st century formal classroom for teaching-learning as they are from simplest to most complex objectives: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Keywords: Lesson Planning, Content analysis, Learning Objectives...
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...ASPECTS UNDER CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) Sandip Ratna, Department of Mathematics, State College of Teacher Education, Kohima::Nagaland, e-mail: sandipncte@yahoo.in Abstract 21st century classroom is all about skill development, lateral thinking, creativity, judgement, higher-order skills like reasoning and analysis and teaching needs to serve discouragement for rote memorization. Education, as a planned endeavor, at a personal level on a small scale or institutional level on a large scale, aims at making children capable of becoming active, responsible, productive, and caring members of society. Hence for responsibility of the school and teachers became more important in formal form of education, with the changing needs of the time, we need to change the pattern of instructional strategies so that educational aim can be achieved. With continuous and comprehensive evaluation we must adopt modified entities of cognitive domains known as revised version of Bloom’s Taxonomy developed by Dr. Lorin Anderson, 1999, a former student of Bloom's, and his colleagues. The updated version of Bloom’s Taxonomy with respect to cognitive domain under scholastic aspect in formal education system can be used for the purpose of 21st century formal classroom for teaching-learning as they are from simplest to most complex objectives: remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating. Keywords: Lesson Planning, Content analysis, Learning Objectives...
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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roles and Responsibilities in English Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THE PROGRAM IN ENGLISH 3 3 4 5 9 Overview of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Curriculum Expectations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Strands in the English Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Basic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Achievement Chart for English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evaluation and Reporting of Student Achievement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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