...Mecca Wright HSS 405 Prof. Brooks January 31, 2012 Autobiography I remember when I was a child; my elders use to always say, “Girl, you’re a baby. Don’t grow up too fast. It’s hard out here.” But what they fail to realize is that as a black person, born into the ghetto, I had no other choice but to grow up fast. I was born and raised in the crazy city of Newark, New Jersey. I do not think it gets any worse than that. I’m black and I live in Newark. It is stated, African Americans are descendants of captive Africans who survived the slavery era within the boundaries of the present United States. My ancestors are the roots to the land of the free and/or The American Dream because of slavery. The English found a way to be lazy and get someone else to tend to their work while they sat back and took the credit for it. They could have easily share the rewards with my race but chose to be greedy and keep it to themselves. Then when African Americans decided to fight harder for what they deserved or a matter of fact what they were promise they only got half of half of what they died for. I believe that since day one AA should have been standing shoulder to shoulder reaping the success that others took from them. Instead we got reduce as a people to the lowest class they can label and called it the “GHETTO “. Now to this day we are still perceived as this even the ones that manage to make it out. We are so discredited that people feel it suits us better to give us credit...
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...the time from the earliest settlements to America’s freedom from Great Britain, New Jersey does not seem to have an important role. However, this tiny but mighty state has played a very important role in America’s history. Starting from the earliest settlements, to the Revolutionary War, the writing of the U.S Constitution and early transportation inventions, New Jersey has a history rooted deep into the making and progression of this country. Countries that claimed new land separated the earliest colonies. The Dutch were particularly excited about their new land that ranged from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to the Delaware River. The Dutch called their new land “New Netherland” with their capital city New Amsterdam, which is now New York City. “Dutch merchants who financed this voyage were excited about the think beaver and sea otter skins the crew brought back. They knew that great wealth could be had by trading with the Indians for fur” (50). The Dutch West India Company knew this area would be a great trading spot, generating a lot of money and settlers. “New Amsterdam grew as a...
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...African-Americans and white residents, police officers and the National Guard. The riots were not unexpected. The tension between the city grew tremendously during the 1960's, due to lack of employment for Blacks, inadequate housing, police brutality and political exclusion of blacks from government. In his interview, Marvin Mandel (56th Governor of Maryland, 1969 – 1979) says, “The TV coverage? Yeah, I thought the real news coverage, in the newspapers, was fairly accurate; it was a little too…it helped to increase the riots; it helped to stir the people up. Made it look like it was black against white and that sort of thing. Just stirred it up. Didn’t help. The news media he printed news media. Not television; television was just showing that actual sights of this burning, that burning, all that sort of thing. I thought the news media…I think you had three newspapers then at that time. You had the Baltimore Sun, morning and evening, and you had the News American, which was printing one edition every day, the Baltimore News-American, and you had the Baltimore Post, which later became the News-Post. So they all were covering it, of course. I think that the coverage accentuated, increased the amount of problems over and beyond...
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...The Progressive Era Through The Great Depression Kaishonta Arnold Professor John Swann History 105 February 9, 2013 The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States. From the Progressive Era through the Great Depression there were many significant turning points within this period. The Women’s Suffrage Movement was one major historical turning point of the Progressive Era. Another turning point in this period was the Stock Market Crash of 1929. Although “women were basically the main players in the Progressive Era reforms, there right to vote were still denied” (Schultz, 2012). Many pushed for the franchise for all women and through their efforts in the Nineteenth Amendment to the constitution provided full women suffrage. There were two groups that pushed and furthered the cause of women’s suffrage. These two groups were formally called “The National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), as well as The National Women’s Party (NWP)” (Schultz, 2012). The National American Women’s Suffrage Associations strategy was basically a way to push for suffrage at the state level, hoping that the federal government would pass the amendment. The National Women’s Party’s goal was of eliminating all discrimination against women. As stated by Brown, “In 1923 The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), was announced and launched what would be a life-long campaign to win full equality for women,” (2010). ...
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...The Dutch have influenced New Jersey, in many ways starting with a trading company in Southern Jersey. Interestingly, the Dutch settled in New Jersey, for business purposes and succeeded in retail in the spring of 1572. The Freehold Transcript I, publication was established and successfully wrote about the Dutch population. When the Dutch settled they retaliated against Ferdinand Alvarez, the Duke of Alba when he intruded on William of Orange, Count of Nassau. William of Orange, was trusted highly by the Dutch people. He enforced with all his power and obeyed the laws. (Beekman, G., 1915). Once the Dutch was established in New Jersey they set up a three year monopoly in their fur trading. The first exploration of New Jersey was in 1524, by...
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...Changes take place within the areas of policing, the courts and corrections. While discussing each division of the justice system and conduct a comparative analysis of each. This is important to discuss and determine how these systems have changed from 50 years ago to today. The history of criminal justice policy in regards to policing has experienced tremendous changes over the past 50 years. Between 1900 and 1970, an organized movement known as the Reform Era took place in policing around the country (Marion, 2006). Instead of hiring individuals based on political reasons, officers were hired based upon their qualifications and ability to perform the required duties of a police officer. Formal training developed in many areas around the United States in the form of Police Academies. Technological advances such as telephones, two-way radios, and 911-emergency systems developed during this era. The Civil Rights Movement and the Antiwar Movement brought about new issues for police to address (Marion, 2006). The community era began in the 1980's and switched focus from simply arresting offenders to achieving community relationships with the individuals that made up each jurisdiction. Community policing has followed a large number of riots in the U.S. concerning racial minorities and the Vietnam War (Marion, 2006). Because current crime control methods were...
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...Alvin Ailey, the founder of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater (1958-), galvanized and stabilized an African American presence in theatrical dance. An outstanding performer, choreographer, company director, and mentor to scores of dance artists, Ailey oversaw the growth of his small, pick-up group of seven dancers into a large, carefully managed, internationally-renowned enterprise including several ensembles of dancers and a thriving school in New York City housed in the largest building devoted to dance in the United States. Along the way, Ailey changed the landscape of modern dance by developing new audiences for its performance through a consistent combination of exceptional artistry and wellcoordinated community outreach programs. In all, Ailey invigorated the art of dance with his distinctive creative imagination, his “blood memories” of cultural formations he witnessed as a child-- including the jook joint and the black church --and the strong survivalist ethic he learned as an African American man born in the depression-era South. Emergence into Dance Born in Rogers, Texas, the only child of workingclass parents who separated when he was two, Ailey moved with his mother to Los Angeles in 1942. Shy from his itinerant Texas life, Ailey reluctantly turned to dance when a high-school classmate introduced him to Lester Horton's Hollywood studio in 1949. In dance, he found the terms of self-expression that high school athletics failed to provide. He poured himself into studying...
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...Race and Social Class I don’t believe there is a true relationship between race and social class. I think we need to explore beyond race to find the true relationship to social class. I believe that the relationship we should be focusing on is the one between social class and education. Races and cultures that put a higher value on education tend to produce more members of society that move from a lower social class to a higher social class or retain their social class from one generation to another. Also, I believe that the movement between social classes becomes more available within a society that does not apply a caste system on its members. Ultimately, it is an individual’s personal responsibly to determine their outcome. This goes beyond race, social class, and culture. I believe America has equal opportunity, but not equal outcomes. As Martin Luther King famously said in his “I Have a Dream” speech, “be judged not by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” We are unique individuals and have an opportunity to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These rights are natural rights that are given to us by God. Today the President of the United States is of mixed White and Kenyan heritage. Any remnants of a caste system, perhaps from the days of Jim Crow and the laws of “separate, but equal” are but all behind us in America. If you look at the achievement gaps in the Jersey City, NJ public schools, there is a significant gap in the graduation...
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...Naturalist poet Stephen Cane was born in Newark, New Jersey, and was the youngest child in a fourteen person family (poetry foundation).“Stephen Crane was one of America's foremost realist writers, and his works have been credited with marking the beginning of modern American Naturalism” (poetry foundation). His most famous piece for writing was a poem called The Red Badge of Courage. This poem was about the Civil War and the fear and courage that goes on during the war (poetry foundation). Romanticism poet Nathaniel Hawthorne was an english writer who was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts (poetry foundation). Nathaniel went to Bowdoin college where he first started his writing career. He eventually wrote many American classics including...
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...with his surroundings at the time of “6pm” (stated on the art work”). “The roaches crawled up from the buildings dehydrated” I found from reading I know that the point he was illustrating in this text found at the end of one ladder was people leave there high paid job everyday with more money than values. The text was not to abuse or make fun of it was to inform the viewer of his message. Basquiat’s Leeches is a piece of work that has effectively conveyed the message he was intending to get out. When I first looked at his piece I uncovered the sinister realism of what he was getting out. Which I believe was important due to money still being a socially destructive product. American conceptual/pop artist Barbara Kruger was born in Newark, New Jersey in 1945 and left there in 1964 to attend Syracuse University. Early on she developed an interest in graphic design, poetry, and writing and attended poetry readings. Her work mostly focuses aesthetics images with bold lettered text containing criticism of sexism, misogyny and cultural power structures. Much of her text questions the viewer about feminism, classicism, consumerism, and individual autonomy and desire. (Untitled) I am your slice of life 1981 is an intriguing piece of work which falls into her common use of media. The image includes three razor blades standing on their points forward-facing, with distinctive shades under a dark setting background. Along the bottom of the image a distorted angled text box with “I am...
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...We are arguably living in the aftereffects of a country that reached its heights of Capitalism during the Industrialization era. Prior to the introduction of machinery and rail road systems to America, the economical framework relied on a warped version of lasseiz-faire and featured wealthy descendants of British merchants who joined the colonies. Others worked menial jobs and apprenticeships to guarantee their source of income and it is safe to say that many were unhappy with their predicament --- even if they had no platform to voice this opinion. While the Industrialization Era introduced centuries of wealth to America, it also severely tipped the wealth distribution scale which can be seen extremely in events like the multiple depressions...
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...A Howl in the Wind Allen Ginsberg was one of the most influential poets /writers during his time. He was considered as the founding father of the Beat Generation and was known for his poem, HOWL. In addition, Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey in the year 1926, suffering from an emotionally troubled life throughout his teenaged years because he’s been secluded when finally realizing his desirability towards men, while his father Louis is the one who introduced Ginsberg to poetry. Besides his father, Ginsberg had many literary influences such as, William Carlos Williams, Lionel Trilling, Mark Van Doren, etc. Nonetheless, later in the years, after remaining an “iconic figure” of the counterculture throughout the 1960 and 70s, he passed...
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...805-S06 SEPTIEMBRE 12, 2006 Este documento es una copia autorizada para uso particular de D./Dª. Juan Dario Hernandez, 2015-02-10 JODY HOFFER GITTEL JetBlue Airways: Empezando desde el principio ¿Dónde ha escuchado usted esto antes? Estamos empezando una aerolínea de bajo coste. Ofreceremos billetes con tarifas bajas e iremos a las grandes ciudades.1 - Analista financiero Si usted quiere ser un millonario invierta mil millones de dólares y lance una nueva aerolínea.2 - Richard Branson, Fundador, Virgin Atlantic Airways No pierda de vista JetBlue. Podría demostrar ser una operación exitosa.3 - Herb Seller, Co-founder, CEO, Southwest Airlines Ann Rhoades levantó su mirada de la pila de papeles que tenía frente a ella y miró detenidamente por la ventana. Contempló con orgullo cómo un avión de JetBlue despegaba del aeropuerto Kennedy. Por la hora de salida, sabía que éste iba a Buffalo. Hizo una pausa para reflexionar lo que sin duda había sido un año excitante para la empresa de nueva creación. El servicio de JetBlue había crecido de 9 salidas diarias, al lanzamiento en febrero de 2000 a más de 50 por día en los últimos 11 meses. La flota había crecido de 2 aviones a 10 con la llegada de un nuevo Airbus A320 cada cinco semanas (ver Anexo 1 para el crecimiento durante el primer año). El plan comercial requirió agregar 10 aviones nuevos cada año hasta finales de 2003, llevando la flota a 40. Rhoades, vicepresidente ejecutiva de RRHH, había estado extremadamente ocupada –...
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...What is the YMCA? The Y is made up of all ages from every walk of life working side by side to strengthen communities. The YMCA’s motto is that they work to insure everyone, regardless of gender, income, faith, sexual orientation, or cultural background, has the opportunity to live life to its fullest. They share the values of caring, honesty, respect, and responsibility. In this paper you will learn a lot about the YMCA’s history, its founder, and some of the activities. George Williams founded the YMCA in 1844. In 1844 twenty-two-year-old George Williams joined 11 friends to organize the first Young Men’s Association (YMCA), a refuge of Bible study and prayer for young men seeking escape from life on the streets. The Y offered something unique for its time. The organization’s drive to meet social need in the community was compelling. And its welcoming to members crossed rigid lines separating English social classes. Thomas Valentine Sullivan led the formation of the first U.S. YMCA at the Old South Church in Boston on December 29, 1851. The first “student YMCA” was started in 1856 at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee. Dedicated to the leadership development of college students, student Y’s remaining active on the campuses of major universities such as the University of Illinois. In 1853, the first YMCA for blacks was founded by Anthony Bowen, a freed slave, in Washington, D.C. YMCA housing began in the 1860s to give young men moving to cities from rural areas safe...
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...professional manner on and off duty. Part I – Policing Research Police Trends and Issues during the 1960’s During the 1960’s, law enforcement was completely different from what it is today. Officers were taught to handle situations in a way that would be illegal and in some opinions, morally wrong. When there was a riot, regardless of what is motivating the crowd, law enforcement officials would use excessive force and various, unnecessary tactics. People today probably wonder what made police officials believe that this type of crowd control was an acceptable response to any type of situation. Unfortunately, police officers were taught this in the academies and honestly believed that what they were doing was right. Also during this era, the first female officers came into play for law enforcement. In conjunction to females being allowed to be become officers, the first black police officer was hired in the 1960’s as well. "Courageous police leadership is critical to our most important client – the victims of crime." — Tom Constantine Today, women play a major role and are a respected part of the police force. But that didn’t happen without a lot of persistence. Historically, even at the police academy, women weren’t treated as equals. They had lower targets for...
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