...The Importance of the Nephron in Kidneys All living organisms require a source of energy, usually in the form of food, to satisfy the cellular demands of the body and ultimately to sustain life. Thus, the nutrients that are consumed by organisms are broken down by various processes within organs, tissues, and cells, in order for important molecules, like minerals, vitamins, proteins, and carbohydrates, to be taken up and distributed around the body. The molecules not needed by the body or ends up as excess in the blood, is discarded as waste products; the system that is responsible for filtering our body, or rather our blood from these waste products, is known as the urinary system. The urinary system consists of organs in the body specific to filtering out excessive fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. This system works together with other organs like the lungs, skin, and intestines, all of which help with the process of eliminating wastes, and regulate the amount of chemicals and water floating in a person’s body (Campbell, “Excretory System”). In addition, these accessory systems to the urinary system ultimately help the body maintain pressure, volume, and composition of the blood (Campbell, “Excretory”). Along with electrolytes, uric acid, and glucose, the urinary system also removes a protein essential for breaking down proteins in the body which is called urea. Urea, together with water and other waste products, forms the liquid that is excreted from organisms...
Words: 3142 - Pages: 13
...have become trapped, imprisoned within mineralized bone matrix (MATURE BONE CELLS) | Osteoclasts | Reabsorb or remove bone during growth and repair (also assist in the release of calcium and phosphate)**bone reabsorption; bone destroying cells | *So, if one is immobilized then the osteoclastic activity is greater than the osteoblastic activity in bone marrow decreases. This is why we have debone mineralization during immobilization. Maintenance of bone integrity | This occurs through remodeling and it is a 3 phase process where existing bone is resorbed and new bone is laid down [repairs bone, does not heal bones] | Phase 1 | Activation phaseThis is where a stimulus occurs, such as a weight baring exercise, causing the formation of osteoclasts | Phase 2 | Resorption This is where osteoclasts form a cutting zone and resorb or remove bone | Phase 3 | Formation phaseThis is where there is a laying down of new bone by osteoblast | *PAGE 962 Know how bone fractures heal/callous formation (Musculoskeletal System) * Bone Fractures * A broken bone can cause damage to the surrounding tissue, the periosteum, and the blood vessels in the cortex and marrow * Hematoma formation * Bone tissue destruction triggers...
Words: 13795 - Pages: 56
...Acquisitions Editor: Crystal Taylor Product Managers: Kelley A. Squazzo & Catherine A. Noonan Designer: Doug Smock Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the abovementioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via website at lww.com (products and services). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lambert, Harold Wayne, 1972– Lippincott’s illustrated Q&A review of anatomy and embryology / H. Wayne Lambert, Lawrence E. Wineski ; with special contributions from Jeffery P. Hogg, Pat Abramson, Bruce Palmer. — 1st ed. p. ; cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-60547-315-4 1. Human anatomy—Examinations, questions, etc. I. Wineski, Lawrence E. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Anatomy—Examination Questions...
Words: 201595 - Pages: 807
