...THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON JOB STRESS AND TURNOVER INTENTION – TAIWAN INSURANCE INDUSTRY AS AN EXAMPLE Hsien-Che Lee Department of Business Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC hclee@ttu.edu.tw Tsai-Hua Chuang Student of Graduate School of Management, Tatung University 40 ,Sec 3,Chung-Shan N. Rd, Taiwan City, Taiwan ROC teresa5797@yahoo.com.tw ABSTRACT For recent years, Taiwan has stepped into an aging society. Life insurance and retirement planning which have quite a lot to do with insurance industry are questions of interest. The insurance industry focuses on close contact among clients, sales people and managers. That is a human-oriented industry, for which the experienced leaders inspire the sales people through continuous training and encouragement and lead them by vision. Therefore, leader’s leadership type is the critical factor for the success of the organization. This research explores the relationships among leader’s leadership style, subordinate’s personality characteristic, and job stress and turnover intention. We also identify the role of the variable of personality characteristic and job stress respectively. We use convenient sampling method to collect data. In pretest, 50 copies of questionnaires are sent to employees of M insurance company, for which 46 valid ones are returned, And then, a total of 220 copies of...
Words: 5811 - Pages: 24
...Leadership R-Jay P. Quiambao, CIE • Leader – Someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority • Leadership – What leaders do; the process of influencing a group to achieve goals • Ideally, all managers should be leaders • Although groups may have informal leaders who emerge, those are not the leaders we’re studying Leadership research has tried to answer: What is an effective leader? • Trait Theories (1920s-30s) – Research focused on identifying personal characteristics that differentiated leaders from nonleaders was unsuccessful. – Later research on the leadership process identified seven traits associated with successful leadership: • Drive, the desire to lead, honesty and integrity, selfconfidence, intelligence, job-relevant knowledge, and extraversion. Exhibit 17–1 Seven Traits Associated with Leadership Source: S. A. Kirkpatrick and E. A. Locke, “Leadership: Do Traits Really Matter?” Academy of Management Executive, May 1991, pp. 48–60; T. A. Judge, J. E. Bono, R. llies, and M. W. Gerhardt, “Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology, August 2002, pp. 765–780. Exhibit 17–2 Behavioral Theories of Leadership Exhibit 17–2 (cont’d) Behavioral Theories of Leadership • Behavioral Theories – University of Iowa Studies (Kurt Lewin) • Identified three leadership styles: – Autocratic style: centralized authority, low participation – Democratic style: involvement...
Words: 1604 - Pages: 7
... 06 5. Description 07 6. Advantages and Disadvantages 14 7. Suggestions 16 8. Present and Beyond 17 9. Reference 18 Leadership: Leadership is the process by which a manager directs guides and influences the work of others in attaining specified goal. Leadership involves 1) Exerting influence over other members of a group 2) Helping a group achieve its goals. Leadership and management are two terms that are often confused. John Kotter of the Harvard Business School argues that “Management is about coping with complexity. Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans, designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against the plans. Leadership, in contrast, is about coping with change. Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future; then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles." Robert House of the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania basically concurs when he says that ‘Managers use the authority inherent in their designated formal rank to obtain compliance from organizational members. Management consists of...
Words: 3096 - Pages: 13
...This paper compares two studies dealing with leadership strategies in work-related settings. Although the settings vary, the study of management approaches and job satisfaction are similar in each. Charles Emery and Katherine Barker’s article, “The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel”, assess the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on job satisfaction and the accountability of customer service personnel. The research suggests that some styles of management, such as transformational leadership, may be more effective in the dedication of customer service employees. Daniel Koys’ article, “The Effects of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Turnover on Organizational Effectiveness: A Unit-Level, Longitudinal Study”, addresses the issue of whether business outcomes are influenced by employee attitudes and behaviors or vice versa. In addition, the researchers concentrate on organizational citizenship as well as employee turnover. Each research study in this paper will be addressed as Article 1 and Article 2 respectively throughout this paper. Comparison of Research Questions Both of these topics examine employee outlook and job gratification in the workplace as well as the impact employees have on customer mindsets and business outcomes. In article 1, transformational leadership and its relationship with employee attitude...
Words: 3459 - Pages: 14
...Leadership Meaning of Leadership Leadership is an important function of management. It is the key to effective managerial performance. Organizational performance depends on the quality of leadership. According to Stephen Robbins: “leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of goals”. According to Hersey and Blanchard: “leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts towards goal achievement in a given situation”. Meaning of Leadership can be categorized into two categories: i. leadership as process: As a process, leadership uses its influence of position to direct, motivate and coordinate the group activities to achieve the organizational goals. ii. Leadership as a property: The property concept of leadership believes that leaders possess basic characteristics or traits. Leaders to influence the group activities successfully, use these characteristics. This view considers leadership as a part of one’s personality. Importance of leadership: The importance of leadership can be: 1.Goal Determination: leadership provides vision, mission and direction. It is concerned with establishing goals for the organization. It integrates goals of the individual and the organization 2.Environmental adaptation: leadership is innovative and change oriented. It adapts the organization to the dynamic changes in the environment. 3.Task focus: leadership gives close attention to planning and organizing of task...
Words: 2100 - Pages: 9
...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP AND TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Define the term “leader” and explain the difference between managers and leaders. 2. Summarize the conclusions of trait theories of leadership. 3. Describe the Fiedler contingency model. 4. Summarize the path-goal model of leadership. 5. Explain situational leadership. 6. Identify the qualities that characterize charismatic leaders. 7. Describe the skills that visionary leaders exhibit. 8. Explain the four specific roles of effective team leaders. 9. Identify the five dimensions of trust. Opening Vignette SUMMARY Jack Hartnett, D.L. Rogers Corp., president, leads by combining ingredients from both the Stone Age and the New Age. Hartnett prides himself on knowing everything about his employees--both at work and at home. Is Hartnett's style intrusive? Yes! But neither he nor his employees consider it a problem. He believes that the more he knows about his workers, the more he can help them stay focused at work and happy at home. But if you think he's "Mr. Nice Guy," think again. Hartnett instructs his employees to "do it the way we tell you to do it." He's perfectly comfortable using the authority in his position to make rules and dish out punishments. Break one of his rules twice and he'll fire you. The managers who work for Hartnett are well compensated for meeting his demanding requirements. Does Hartnett seem inconsistent? Maybe. He believes...
Words: 8344 - Pages: 34
...Introduction Leadership involves giving direction to people. It is a very important function in any organization. Leaders should understand that on the shoulders of the people they lead, they lean. This means that people are important in leadership. There are several scholars who have contributed to the knowledge of leadership. Some of the great quotes on leadership are: “The leaders who work most effectively, it seems to me, never say “I.” And that’s not because they have trained themselves not to say “I.” They don’t think “I.” They think “we”; they think “team.” They understand their job to be to make the team function. They accept responsibility and don’t sidestep it, but “we” gets the credit…. This is what creates trust, what enables you to get the task done.” Peter Drucker “The task of leadership is not to put greatness into people, but to elicit it, for the greatness is there already.” John Buchan “If I have seen farther than others, it is because I was standing on the shoulder of giants.” Isaac Newton “A leader is a dealer in hope.” Napoleon Bonaparte Meaning of leadership Wendell French has defined leadership as, ‘the process of influencing the behavior of others in the direction of a goal or set goals or more broadly, toward a vision of the future.’ It is the processes of influencing behavior of individual or group accomplish organizational goals. It is a group effort, cooperation of all individuals sought by a leader for attaining a productive purpose. Koontz...
Words: 7979 - Pages: 32
...title: The influences of leadership style on employee’s job satisfaction in Vietnam’s young science and engineering workforce– A case of VAST organization. Executive summary This study focuses on answering the question "research" has shown the relationship between leadership and employees within the organization. An overview of knowledge have shown the leadership style directly influences employee satisfaction. The satisfaction of employees in an organization is the most important element to remain active in the Organization, create value and achieve long-term goals. In this study, the relationship between leadership style and the staff have been clarified thanks to these elements have been clarified in the section above, the organizational culture is a problem has always been put on top of the head and operate businesses, however, besides the efforts of the staff, leadership skills also influence directly to this issue. Transformational leadership was proposed to change the style of leadership in VAST, according to the results collected from the questionnaires were raised this leadership trend was in line with the organization. Research Methodology in this chapter will focus on clarifying gaps defined in Chapter 2 (Literature review). The identification approach to clarify the relationship of components of leadership skills will be relevant to point out the job satisfaction of employees. This study focused on clarifying the influence of leadership styles and job satisfaction...
Words: 11514 - Pages: 47
...CHAPTER 11 - LEADERSHIP and TRUST LEARNING OUTCOMES After reading this chapter students should be able to: 1. Define leader and leadership. 2. Compare and contrast early leadership theories. 3. Describe the four major contingency leadership theories. 4. Describe modern views of leadership and the issues facing today’s leaders. 5. Discuss trust as the essence of leadership. |Opening Vignette—Employees First | |SUMMARY | |HCL Technologies, the “employee first” philosophy has helped catapult the company from peripheral player to center stage in the intensely | |competitive IT industry. HCL Technologies is headquartered in Noida, India. CEO Vineet Nayar is committed to creating a company where the job | |of company leaders is to enable people to find their own destiny by gravitating to their strengths. His goals for the “Employee First” program| |include creating a unique employee experience, inverting the organizational structure, and increasing transparency. The workplace reforms the | |company implemented involved better communication with the CEO and a pay scheme that gives workers more job security. A major part of the | |workplace company referred to as “trust pay.” Unlike the standard IT industry...
Words: 8871 - Pages: 36
...A Definition of Leadership A traditional definition of leadership: Leadership is an interpersonal influence directed toward the achievement of a goal or goals. Three important parts of this definition are the terms interpersonal, influence, and goal. · Interpersonal means between persons. Thus, a leader has more than one person (group) to lead. · Influence is the power to affect others. · Goal is the end one strives to attain. Basically, this traditional definition of leadership says that a leader influences more than one person toward a goal. The definition of leadership used in this course follows. LEADERSHIP is a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change. (Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg, NUTS! Southwest Airlines' Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success, Bard Press, 1996, p. 298) Three important parts of this definition are the terms relationship, mutual, and collaborators. Relationship is the connection between people. Mutual means shared in common. Collaborators cooperate or work together. This definition of leadership says that the leader is influenced by the collaborators while they work together to achieve an important goal. Leadership versus Management A leader can be a manager, but a manager is not necessarily a leader. The leader of the work group may emerge informally as the...
Words: 3932 - Pages: 16
...Four Models of Leadership Lisa S. Patrick University of Phoenix Four Leadership Models There are theories that suggest characteristics, behaviors and relationships that inspire and create effective leaders and followers within organizations. The Trait Leadership Model, Behavior Leadership Model, Situational Leadership Model, and Charismatic Leadership Model provide assumptions built on theories from approaches that incorporate characteristics, leader behaviors, outcomes affected by situations and how leader relationships inspire change in an organization. Differences and similarities exist among these approaches and may address some of the contemporary leadership and challenges in organizations. Trait Leadership Model The Trait Model examined specific traits researchers believed were associated with leadership and focused on the innate characteristics that make good leaders. This body of research included theories that “leaders were born and not made” (Clawson, 2006, p. 379) in the “Great Man” Theory of Leadership. Kouzes (2003) believes that to view a few men and woman as innate greatness is wrong and that heroes do exists in organizations. Other Theorists like Stogdill’s Leadership Traits, Maccobys Leader, and John Gardner’s Leaders noted characteristics believed to make great leaders. Stogdill believed leaders were strong, task-oriented, confident, handled stress, and accepted responsibility for actions were qualities of a good leader (Clawson, 2006; Clemers...
Words: 1738 - Pages: 7
...and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Patricia Faison Grand Canyon University LDR 802 August 21, 2013 Traits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Two empirical research studies were compared in the comparison matrix. The articles were located in the Grand Canyon University library. Article one written by Connelly, et al. (2000), is entitled: “Exploring the Relationship of Leadership Skills and Knowledge to Leader Performance.” Article two written by Baum and Locke (2004) is entitled:” The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Traits, Skill, and Motivation to Subsequent Venture Growth.” Article one examines leadership characteristics and capabilities. Article two contributes to the understanding of personal characteristic and the effects they may have on entrepreneur, was to examine military leaders, and civilian leadership skills which are critical in being a successful leader. Connelly, et al (2000) argues that, “the nature of the leader capacities impact leader behavior and performance.” Baum and Locke (2004) study “contributes to the revival of interest in understanding the effects of entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics importance between relationship of traits and subsequent venture growth among entrepreneurs.” Connelly, et al (2000) calculated the impacts of leadership skills, and knowledge in addition to the relationship of leader performance...
Words: 2666 - Pages: 11
...Behaving Intelligently - Leadership Traits and Characteristics By Kristina G. Ricketts, Community and Leadership Development Most individuals would consider these people to be some of the greatest leaders of all time. In the early 20th century, leadership traits were studied to determine what made certain people great leaders. Common thoughts of leadership back then suggested that leaders were born and not made. These perceptions originated out of an observation that many great leaders possessed something out of the ordinary—natural, inborn characteristics that allowed them to excel above the rest. This perception translated into limited opportunities for leadership among the common people, as they were not endowed with these “special” leadership characteristics. However, research did not end up supporting this hypothesis and came back disappointingly negative. Researchers compared leaders and followers and looked for obvious differences. Even after comparing aspects such as IQ, personality qualities and personal characteristics, no consistent trends were found. As mentioned above, effective leadership often relies upon certain traits held by the leader. So leadership effectiveness is based upon the working relationship between the leader and other group members. Individual Differences Framework (IDF) states that leadership can be defined relatively straightforwardly as influencing people towards a shared goal. Determining that effective leadership was about much more than...
Words: 1426 - Pages: 6
...Slide 1 : | Leadership 13 | Slide 2 : | Leadership Leadership is the process where a person exerts influence over others and inspires, motivates and directs their activities to achieve goals. Effective leadership increases the firm’s ability to meet new challenges. Leader: The person exerting the influence. Personal Leadership Style: the ways leaders choose to influence others. Some leaders delegate and support subordinates, others are very authoritarian. Managers at all levels have their own leadership style. | Slide 3 : | Leadership Across Cultures Leadership styles may vary over different cultures. European managers tend to be more people-oriented than American or Japanese managers. Japanese culture is very collective oriented, while American focuses more on profitability. Time horizons also are affected by cultures. U.S. firms often focus on short-run efforts. Japanese firms take a longer-term outlook. | Slide 4 : | Sources of Power Figure 13.1 | Slide 5 : | Sources of Power Used to affect other’s behavior and get them to act in given ways. Legitimate Power: manager’s authority resulting by their management position in the firm. Can be power to hire/fire workers, assign work. Reward Power: based on the manager’s ability to give or withhold rewards. Pay raises, bonuses, verbal praise. Effective managers use reward power to signal employees they are doing a good job. | Slide 6 : | Sources of Power Coercive Power: based in ability to punish others...
Words: 1229 - Pages: 5
...managers' leadership styles and emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction Azimeh Ghorbanian,1 Mohammadkarim Bahadori,2* and Mostafa Nejati3 1. School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2. Health Management Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia Corresponding Author: Mohammadkarim Bahadori Health Management Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of medical Sciences Tehran Iran Email: moc.liamg@htlaehirodahab Author information ► Copyright and License information ► Copyright © Australasian Medical Journal This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Go to: ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Background/Aims Leadership plays a crucial role in many professions, especially in challenging positions such as emergency medical service jobs. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between managers' leadership styles and emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction. Method This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study that was carried out in 2010. The research population included 21 managers and 87 emergency medical technicians working in 23 stations in Isfahan city, Iran. The main tools used for data accumulation were the Multiple Leadership Questionnaire for evaluating leadership styles and the Job Descriptive Index for measuring job satisfaction...
Words: 3344 - Pages: 14
