A State Intervention Approach to International Trade and the Right to Health in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector of Nigeria

Table of Contents

A State Intervention Approach to International Trade and the Right to Health in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector of Nigeria 1

Chapter 1 General Introduction 6

1.1. Background 6

1.1.1. Definitions 14

1.1.2. Trade Liberalization 14

1.1.3. International Trade Law 15

1.1.4. Right to Health 16

1.1.5. Human Right Laws 17

1.2. Research Questions 18

1.3. Justification of the Research 21

1.4. Research Objectives 30

1.5. Research Methodology 31

1.6. Research Structure 37

Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review 40

2.1. Introduction 40

2.2. International Trade Rules and Protection of People’s Right to Health 41

2.2.1. Sources of International Trade Rules 41

2.2.2. Trade Liberalization and the Protection of the Right to Health 44

2.3. Scope of the Right to Health 54

2.4. Brief Overview of State Intervention Theory 59

2.5. States Duty towards the Fulfilment of the Right to Health 65

2.6. Legislative and Institutional Regulations Protecting the Right to Health in Nigeria 73

2.6.1. The International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1966 76

2.6.2. The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) 78

2.6.3. The International Health Regulations, 2005 81

2.6.4. The Nigerian Constitution 82

2.7. Conclusion 83

Chapter 3 State Intervention in the Negative Effects of Trade in Crude Oil and Natural Gas in Nigeria on the Right to Health 84

3.1. Introduction 84

3.2. Brief History of the Nigerian Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector 86

3.2.1. Liberalisation of Trade in the Crude Oil and Natural Gas Sector 89

3.2.2. The Negative Effects of Trade in Crude Oil and Natural Gas on the Right to Health in the