...provides a summary of the current understanding of ASD and suggests a comprehensive set of guidelines on best practices for detection, diagnosis and treatment for children with autism based on the currently available evidence randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or systematic reviews. - See more at: "We have come to understand ASD as a remarkably heterogeneous constellation of conditions that covary with other disabilities and disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, epilepsy, ADHD, anxiety disorders) and various medical problems," writes Dr. Stephen Scherer, senior scientist and director of The Centre for Applied Genomics at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) and director of the McLaughlin Centre at the University of Toronto, with coauthors. "Recent discoveries of underlying genomic factors have shown great complexity and implicate various networks of causal factors." ASD, which includes a variety of traits that range from mild to severe, is estimated to affect about 1% of the population, although it is under-recognized in the developing world. The review, by specialists in pediatrics, psychiatry, epidemiology, neurology and genetics from across Canada, outlines the current understanding of ASD and best practices for pediatricians, family doctors and specialist clinics, and identifies resources for clinicians. Topics include: What causes autism? The causes are thought to be multi-factorial: genetic, epigenetic, and non- genetic factors. How is ASD diagnosed?The...
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...twice a day, Billy is now using the restroom more on his own, following instructions, and communicating more with his parents. Therapeutic Listening (TL) is an evidence-based therapy technique that involves listening to music or sounds through specialized headphones for 30-minute sessions, twice a day, in order to help with numerous problems and disorders. It was developed by Sheila Frick, an occupational therapist with a specialty in sensory processing disorders. TL has been proven to help with: Sensory processing Attention Social skills Communication Following directions Timing and organizing motor skills Mood Some disorders that TL has been used to treat include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sensory processing disorder (SPD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Autism or autism spectrum disorder is a disorder characterized by problems with sensory processing, communication, social interactions and unusual repetitive behaviors. Autism can range from mild to severe, thus why it is looked at as a spectrum. A person with severe autism can have a significant intellectual disability or even be completely mute. Some problematic behaviors and qualities of people with autism are: Hypersensitivity to sensory input- A person may overreact when they hear a loud noise. Hyposensitivity to sensory input- A person feels a lack of stimulation from the environment and may self-stimulate by banging their head on a wall or biting their arm. Inflexibility to change in routine-...
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...Chapter 1: Student Characteristics Understand Characteristics of Students with Disabilities Some students with disabilities pass through typical developmental milestones and express skills within an average range for their age group. Others show delayed growth at certain developmental milestones, and many students with disabilities experience challenges as they navigate through the school curriculum. It is critical that special education teachers know how to differentiate between typical individual differences among children without disabilities and differences that may indicate a disability that requires interventions and/or specialized designed instruction. In addition, special education teachers need to know the most common types of disabilities that students may experience and how those disabilities affect their ability to learn and their behavior in the classroom. Competency 1 thus focuses on the characteristics of typical and atypical human growth and development and the characteristics of students with various disabilities that special education teachers are likely to encounter. The test includes a wide range of multiple-choice questions that address Competency 1. * Questions on typical and atypical behaviors and abilities for children and adolescents at particular ages. * Questions on the types and characteristics of various disabilities. * Questions on the similarities and differences among students with and without disabilities. This competency encompasses...
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