...How likely is someone going to get addicted to a substance? Around the world there are those who consume addictive substances because of peer pressure, enjoyment, or relaxation. Whatever the reason, there is a call for concern when harmless recreation becomes dangerous abuse. There are many causes for substance abuse disorders but what is crucial to determine is what the root cause is. What is the initiating cause of a casual chain of events that leads to a certain outcome? In other words, what is the very first thing that inhibits the substance abuse to develop? Substance abuse can be defined as the condition in which one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress. However, who’s to say that that kind of distress...
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...1. Cover page 2. What is substance use 3.Drug Use Any taking of a psychoactive Can be experimental ,or recreational 4.Abuse Substance abuse disorders: a maladaptive use of chemical substances leading to clinically significant outcomes or distress . . Substance induced disorders: manifesting the same symptoms as depression and/or other mental health disorder, which symptoms, the direct result of using the substance, will cease shortly after discontinuing the substance. 5.Dependancy Substance dependency disorders loss of control over how much a substance is used once begun, manifested by seven symptoms: • tolerance, • withdrawal • using more than was intended • unsuccessful efforts to control use • a great deal of time spent obtaining and using the substance • important life activities given up or reduced in order to use the substance • continued use despite knowing that it causes problems 6. Drug Facts 7. Did you know? Drug types ; Alcohol Marijuana Cocaine Mushrooms Inhalants LSD Hashish Heroin Crystal meth 8. Little Johnny 9. Developmental Theory’s Attachment Theory-Bowlby Peers or Parents ? Drugs or Hugs ? Social Learning Theory- Bandura Monkey see , Monkey do! Humanistic Theory- Maslow Without the chicken, there is no egg! 10.Guest speaker (video) 11. Ecological model picture 12. Relationship changes with peers New and/ or Older friends Phone calls Abrupt ...
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...Abuse vs. Substance Use Disorder Kristin Whitford Liberty University Relationship between abuse of substance and Substance Use Disorders The problem of drug use and alcohol has haunted us for a long time. We even see these issues arise in the Bible. There are a variety of reasons for substance use and abuse. According to Doweiko (2015) says that a person may use because of previously impulses, to cope with situations and pain, try new things, escape from social status, and use out of rebellion. To understand the relationship between abuse and substance use disorder we need to understand the meaning of the two. According to substance abuse disorder in DSM-5 combines DSM-IV categories of substance abuse and substance dependence into one that is measured from mild to severe. This distinction is abuse is mild or early stages where as dependency is worse. Substance abuse is using drugs, alcohol, or chemicals. The results are usually emotional or psychological harm. Discerning abuse from SUD and factors The next thing we are going to look at is how to discern between substance use and abuse. According to Clinton & Scalise (2013) the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders N-text says the pattern of substance use leads to impairment, tolerance, with-drawl symptoms, and using even when knowing that it can be destructive. For abuse it is someone who continues to use drugs in physically dangerous situations and even continued use even if social or...
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...Abuse vs Substance Use Disorder In discussing the difference between abuse and substance use disorder one must first look at the definitions of both. Abuse is considered the overindulgence in or dependence on an addictive substance, especially alcohol or drugs. However, substance abuse disorder is a condition in which the use of one or more substances leads to a clinically significant impairment or distress to an individual. One can abuse alcohol or drugs and not become addicted, however SUD’s are generally seen in addiction of drugs or alcohol. (Doweiko, 2015) While this essay mainly hits on drugs and alcohol, there are so many more types of abuse/addiction such as pornography, over eating, gambling, etc. These also can lead to major problems in a abusers life. (Clinton & Scalise, 2013) News Coverage In the news this past week has been numerous articles on drug busts, alcohol related accidents, and police storming a house making meth. The articles on drug busts stated that many of those arrested had multiple previous arrests for drug use, distribution, or making meth. The article went further to state the statistics and costs of the war against drugs that is going on today. There is the ongoing discussion/debate of parent-hosted parties for their teenager and his/her friends at their home, is it okay or not. This, in my opinion, is not even up for debate; anyone under the age of 21 should not be drinking with or without parental consent. Personal Biblical Worldview ...
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...The Social Problem of Substance Abuse Donna S. West WGU GLT1 Task 2 The Social Problem of Substance Abuse Substance abuse and addiction issues impact individuals, families, and communities in many ways and can be directly connected to costly social, physical, mental, and public health problems. In addition, substance abuse related issues have an overwhelming impact on the criminal justice system. Describe the social problem of Substance Abuse The way substance abuse is defined or understood can be interpreted in many ways, depending on the person or situation it may be related to. In simple terms, abuse is determined when there is a level of dysfunction related to the person's use of drugs or alcohol. One standard definition, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [HHS/SAMHSA], 1994, describes abuse as "the use of a psychoactive drug to such an extent that its effects seriously interfere with health or occupational and social functioning." The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) is standard in the medical and mental health fields for diagnosing both substance abuse and behavioral health disorders. According to the DSM-IV, substance abuse is "a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by" a variety of possible symptoms of impairment (American Psychiatric Association...
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...Depression: Unipolar Vs. Bipolar Rebecca M. Azurmendi Psychology 270 July 14, 2013 Professor Moore Depression: Unipolar Vs. Bipolar Depression is sometimes not taken seriously or is misunderstood. Key emotions in mood disorders are depression and mania. Depression is an overwhelming feeling from the challenges of life and a low, sad state in which life seems dark. Mania is an exaggerated belief that the world is for the person’s taking. Unipolar depression is a form of depression that does not have a history of mania. Bipolar disorder is marked by the mixture of periods of mania and depression (Comer, pg. 194). Unipolar depression is often mistaken for clinical depression. Severe unipolar depression is twice as severe in women as it is in men. Between young boys and girls unipolar depression is similar (Comer, pg. 194). We have all experienced a form of depression at some point in our lives. The signs and symptoms are all different depending on the individual. Some symptoms can be less severe than the others. Symptoms of unipolar depression feed off emotionally, motivationally, behaviorally, cognitively, and physical categories of symptoms. Emotionally individuals feel sad, miserable, and unwanted. The lose most if not all pleasure in most things. Their sense of humor tends to fade away and many of them experience anxiety, anger, and agitation. Some individuals feel humiliated and dejected (Comer, pg. 195). The motivation symptoms of depression usually lead to...
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...Lori France-Larsen PSY201 (Herman & Balogh) Polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter and receptor genes: susceptibility to substance abuse (SUD) Substance use disorders 1) (AD) Alcohol Dependency A. European ancestry study a.17 studies including 3489 alcoholics and 2325 controls B. Frequency of S allele at 5-HTTLPR significantly associated C. Early childhood trauma clarify relationship between 5-HTTLPR and AD 2) Japanese ancestry study D. Positive association between G allele of rs6311 with inactive ALDH2 compared with control subjects E. Investigating rs6311 on individuals with AD compared with (OD) opiod dependence were enriched with G allele when they carried 5-HTTLPR L allele F. SNP rs6311 not observed to moderate response to alcohol 3) American Indian ancestry G. Examined roll of HTR1B rs6296 vulnerability to AD with (ASPD) antisocial personality disorder a. Frequency of rs6296 C allele elevated b. HTR1B rs6216 significant linkage to AD 4) Taiwanese Han – AD and controls H. rs130058(A-161T) T allele significantly higher in AD cases I. demonstrated in vitro higher than A allele 5) Chinese Han J. T allele of rs130058 associated with AD K. Additional SNP’s in HTR1B related to AD L. Functional HTR1B SNP(rs13212041) described and reported larger portion of variation in self reported anger and hostility compared with HTR1B SNP’s 6) Animal...
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...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...Mood DISORDERS Mood DISORDERS are defined by the presence of mood EPISODES Types of Mood DISORDERS • depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) • bipolar (Bipolar I/II disorder, cyclothymia) • secondary to GMC, substances, medications _ mood EPISODES represent a combination of symptoms comprising a predominant mood state • types of Mood EPISODES: major depressive, manic, mixed, hypomanic MOOD EPISODES Major Depressive Episode (MDE) A. at least 5 of the following symptoms present for 2 weeks, one of which must be either depressed mood or loss of interest • M ood - depressed • S leep - increased or decreased (if decreased, often early morning awakening) • I nterest - decreased • G uilt/worthlessness • E nergy - decreased or fatigued • C oncentration/difficulty making decisions • A ppetite and/or weight increase or decrease • P sychomotor activity - increased or decreased • S uicidal ideation B. symptoms do not meet criteria for mixed episode C. symptoms cause significant social or occupational impairment/distress D. exclude if substance-induced or due to a GMC E. symptoms not better accounted for by bereavement (a constellation of depressive symptoms meeting criteria for a MDE appearing within 2 months of the death of a close relative) Manic Episode A. a period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood lasting at least 1 week (or less if hospitalized) B. during this period three of the following symptoms (four if mood is only irritable; mnemonic...
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...Bipolar: The Emotional Curse Many people today suffer from a condition called manic-depressive disorder, more common known by many people as bipolar disorder. Bipolar is mental illness that has been around since the 16 century. This condition affects a person by giving them instant mood swings. One can be happy at one point time and in a few seconds be upset for no reason. It’s a condition that affects approximately 5.7 million people in the United Sates or 5% of people in the world. (Bipolar Disorder Statistics) many people are affected with this condition and are not well educated on the topic and have many questions like where did I get it? What can I do? Is there a cure? Most often the question is why me? The cause this condition is a chemical imbalance in one’s brain. Three brain chemicals noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine are involved in both brain and bodily functions. Noradrenaline has been consistently linked to psychiatric mood disorders such as depression. Serotonin is connected to many body functions such as sleep, wakefulness, eating, sexual activity, impulsivity, learning, and memory. Lastly the brain chemical dopamine is commonly linked with the pleasure system of the brain. (Kent). Emotions are controlled by the limbic system; it lies on both sides of the thalamus, just under the cerebrum. Studies have shown that’s this trait is genetic and is passed down from generation to generation. Just because a person may have the bipolar gene doesn’t necessarily...
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...MEDICAL MODEL * PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL * SOCIAL MODEL * MORAL MODEL * BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL MEDICAL MODEL This involves * Addiction as a “brain disease” * Neurotransmitter imbalance * Disease model: * Agent: drug * Vector: dealers * Host: addict PSYCHODYNAMIC MODEL This involves the following * Drug abusers who are self-medicating * Drug abuse which is a symptom of underlying psychological problems * Drug use is also a maladaptive psychological coping strategy * Drug abusers also need to resolve internal conflict, and when they do, drug use will be unnecessary. SOCIAL MODEL This involves * Drug use as a learned behavior * People using drugs because drug use is modeled by others * Peer pressure * Environmental effects leading to drug use MORAL MODEL * Addicts are usually weak and can overcome a compulsion to use with willpower * Drug abusers are anti-social and should be punished for that * Drug are generally evil BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL * All the above are true, to greater or lesser degrees * Each person’s drug use is a result of some aspects of some or all the other models * Treatment and recovery require addressing the body, mind, social, nutrition, employment, family issues, psychological issues. On a broad inference, addiction is generally concerned with alcoholism so therefore we shall talk extensively on alcoholism. ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism is a broad term for problems with alcohol, and...
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...believes that addiction can be cured by simply choosing not to use alcohol or drugs. Although not commonly used anymore, there are still many who feel addiction is still the result of moral failure. Addictive Disease Model of Addiction: Defines addiction to alcohol or other drugs as being an incurable and irreversible progressive disease. There is no cure for the addiction but it can be controlled by lifelong abstinence and group support. It believes addicts cannot control their need for alcohol or other drugs and will ignore negative outcomes to use. This dependency is a result of pre-existing genetic chemical alterations in the brain which are activated by the substance abuse. Progression of the disease is measured by the amount, frequency, and the circumstances of an individual's substance use. Treatment starts with the individual acknowledging and admitting their problem, followed by addiction recovery treatment, and then maintaining sobriety with lifelong recovery through abstinence and support groups like AA or NA. Behavioral/Environmental Model of Addiction: In this theory, environmental and developmental influences lead an individual into becoming an addict. It believes that environmental factors (such as, stress, peer pressure, mental or physical abuse, and anger) can produce physical and/or emotional stress that may promote drug usage. It also recognizes heredity as being a factor. It uses the...
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...May 2007 in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library. Key words were used to narrow the search for a selective review of abstracts, retrieval of full articles, and grading of evidence according to systems used in established evidence-based models. Our literature search identified 17 articles of interest; 13 of the most relevant were reviewed in detail. From these, we developed evidence-based best practice recommendations on the psychological assessment and treatment of WLS patients. Regular updates of evidence-based recommendations for best practices in psychological care are required to address the impact of mental health on short- and long-term outcomes after WLS. Key factors in patient safety include comprehensive preoperative evaluation, use of appropriate and reliable evaluation instruments, and the development of short- and long-term treatment plans. Obesity (2009) 17, 880–884. doi:10.1038/oby.2008.571 Introduction Evidence-based best practice guidelines for psychological assessment and care in weight loss surgery (WLS) have been previously described (1). Earlier recommendations focused on patient selection/screening, preoperative evaluation, the relationship between binge eating and outcome, the role of the mental health practitioner in the WLS team, and postoperative support. This report covers key updates in these...
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...Drugs in AMerica | From Sea to Shining Sea | Patricia Diaz | 000348122 | GLT 1 111.6.2 | 2/5/2014 | | “Drugs in America from sea to shining sea” Drug use in the United States has been on a steady rise. This is largely due to the increasing popularity of Marijuana. Marijuana was on the decline from the 1990s to mid to late 2000s but has been on a steady increase since then. This is due to the changing perception and attitudes towards marijuana. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, in 2013, 7.0 percent of 8th graders, and 22.7 percent of 12th graders used marijuana in the last month. Why this sharp increase? This is related to state’s passing of legislation for the legalization of marijuana. This cannot help in the war on drugs. The use of marijuana has been shown to be the gateway to other more illicit drugs. Medical Marijuana has been in use for many years in the United States. It has been touted as the new miracle drug. While there are benefits to this drug the long term effects are still being analyzed. It has been said to help prevent blindness from Glaucoma; an appetite stimulant in Aids patients; and helps controls muscle spasms in Multiple Sclerosis patients. It can also have negative side effects such as paranoia, feeling of panic, hallucinations, and anxiety. People also have complained to short term memory loss, mood swings, perceptions and information processing. Why are there two different spectrum of the “miracle...
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...716 Index major depressive disorder, brain imaging studies, 70–71 malignant catatonia, 333 malingering, 530–531 ‘manic depressive insanity’, 45 manic states, 250, 253 abnormal beliefs and perceptions, 254 amphetamines and, 266 course and outcome, 274 delusional, 16 in HIV patients, 345 in ICD-10, 42 in old age aetiology, 369 clinical features, 370 treatment, 370 in old age, 369–370 mixed state with depression, 255 sensations in, 6 stroke and, 344 stupor in, 31 manic states, 15–17 Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome, 206, 338 Marijuana Anonymous, 239 marital status, and suicide, 454 masculinity drunkenness and, 428 sense of, 395 Massachusetts Male Aging Study, 402 Massachusetts Women’s Health Study (MWHS), 442 masturbation, 396 McNaughton Rules, 558 McNaughton, Daniel, 558 m-CPP 435 , MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; ‘ecstasy’), 328 medial temporal lobe volume in Alzheimer’s disease, 359 MRI for detecting, 75 medical conditions anxiety disorders in, 170 depression treatment, 521 detection of psychiatric illness, 483 feigned illness, 530–531 mental disorders due to, 327 anxiety disorders, 333 cannabis and psychosis, 330 catatonia, 332 cognitive disorders, 334 delusions, 329 depression and Parkinson’s disease, 332 general principles, 327 hallucinations, 328 mood disorders, 330 personality disorder, 333 psychotic disorder, 328 stimulant psychosis, 329 mental disorders due to, 326–335 relationship to affective change...
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