...CLUSTERING STRATEGY IN SME DEVELOPMENT : An Integral Development Supports By: Noer Soetrisno Presented at : 2004 APEC INFORMATIZATION POLICY FORUM FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES July, 15-16, 2004 SMEs in Economic Development 1. There is no Regional or Global Consensus on SME The Coverage of SME definition are Commonly Associated With : - SMI (Manufacturing Industry) - SMI + Services (Selected) - All Sectors Except Agriculture - All Sectors Include Agriculture 2. Variable to Measure SME - No of employee (Industry) - Assets (Fixed Asset, Asset other than lands building) - Sales 3. The Role of SME in Economic Development - Contributor to Value added (Growth) : About 57% of GDP - Provider of Employment : Contribute to 99.5% of total employment - Potential Contributor to Export : Share about 16-21% of total export - Flexibility and Resilience to Shocks : continue to survive during the crisis, micro and small enterprises more resilience, but medium enterprises are not fully recovered from the crisis up to 2003 •SME Cluster Development in Indonesia - Cluster development approach has been adopted since 1970’s * Small industry zone * Export processing zone * Agglomeration of SME activities - At present exist about 9800 units of Small Industry Cluster : * 78% Low technology group * Productivity / worker : • Low technology IDR 970 Thousand (100) • Medium technology IDR 2 Million (212) • High technology IDR 8.24 Million (849) Government Policies...
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...|SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH & COMMUNITY MEDICINE | | |UNSW BLACKBOARD ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET | | |FAMILY NAME: |HENDRAWIJAYA |GIVEN NAME: |FELYA | |STUDENT NO: |3360382 |EMAIL: |Felya.hendrawijaya@hotmail.com | |PHONE (H): | |PHONE (W): | | |MOBILE: |0425067879 |FAX: | | |COURSE NO: |GENM0510 |COURSE NAME: | MANAGING MEDIA | |LECTURER: |DAVID THOMAS |DUE DATE: |21 December 2012 | |ASSIGNMENT: |FINAL ASSIGNMENT |QUESTION NO: | | For group assignments, please submit one cover sheet for the group, and list members of your group here: |Name |Student ID Number ...
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...UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA, JOHOR BAHRU FACULTY OF COMPUTING SEMESTER 2, SESSION 2015/2016 ULAB 2122 – ADVANCED ACADEMIC ENGLISH SKILLS (ADVANCED ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC) TERM PAPER OUTLINE:Does the Increase Amount of Foreign Worker Induces Negative Impacts to Malaysia? | GROUP MEMBERS: 1. WAN AHMAD ASYRAF BIN WAN HANIF (A14CS0148) 2. SYAKIR ZUFAYRI BIN ROSLAN (A14CS0139) SECTION: 27 LECTURER’S NAME: NORHANIM BTE ABDUL SAMAT OUTLINE FOR TERM PAPER Framework | Headings | Description | Sources | Introduction | Definition | The growing presence of foreign workers in Malaysia can be explainedby excess demand for labour combine with rapid economic growth, aswell as the cheaper cost of foreign workers. Most of them that from low-income countries like Bangladesh and Myanmar travel to other countries to find higher paid jobs. For example the current issue where approximately two millions foreign workers were given entry pass to this country for jobs. | Int. Journal of Economics and Management 5(1): 169 – 178 (2011) | | What is the issue? | The increaseof foreigners cause a bad implication towards aspects like social, security and peace for example, they fight with themselves in public, selling things without permit disturbing the peace. | Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: FPolitical...
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...Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development explains, The empirical growth literature has developed substantially over the past two decades, drawing on larger and richer databases and exploiting better econometric tools to explain cross the country differences in growth performance Isolating the precise effects of one type of government policy-such as government spending-on aggregate economic performance is probably impossible. Moreover, the relationship between government spending and economic growth quite possibly depends on factors that can change over time. Another important element of the academic research is methodology. When scholars attempt to measure a relationship between government spending and economic performance, they can pursue this research in a number of ways. They can conduct a statistical test to ascertain a relationship between two or more variables, but this still leaves many questions. Are they testing to find a relationship over a period of time? Are they testing to find a relationship using cross-country data? Academics can also build complete economic models and then try to determine whether the evidence supports that model. But what kind of model? What are the assumptions in that model? Will the model be based on the Keynesian theory or on incentive effects of changes in relative prices? Will a model be self-limiting by assuming that an economy has a maximum growth rate? These are very important issues: [In] the traditional Solow [neoclassical]...
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...utilization in various aspects on the job. By enabling employees to continue their education, they are more likely to improve their work rate and in doing so increase economic growth. In this view, the country needs to train and educate workers to enhance their performances in these industries. While it is believed that other factors such as economic policies, institutional quality, government, resources endowments, national resources, and cultures foster economic development, education is only significant factor that supports economic development. The modern economy is characterized by technology oriented goods and services. These qualities in the market require enhanced level of education to achieve the economic goals set by the country and the society. In order to use the products that serve the contemporary world, consumers are required to adopt the necessary information and knowledge about the commodities. Acquiring the important information on the product use is the act of education. Thus, through education, the quality of commodities in the market improves. The quantity of the products also increases, hence the increase in total revenue that is reflected in the total GDP of the country. The increase in total revenue improves the economic status of the country. In order to boost economic growth, Zernov assure that “change the organizational and economic relations in the system of education”(75). Thus, the...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The need to incorporate in our system the need to be technologically self-reliant cannot be over-emphasized. The first step is to develop our human and natural resources, thus increasing our per capital income. In the past Seven years, or more, especially during the administration of Ibrahim Babangida, Nigeria has constantly pursued an economic policy that is geared towards self-reliance for the individual as show by such programmes as the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) which is a graduate assistance scheme aimed at helping young school leavers to acquire necessary skills and funds that will help them to start their own business, other programmes with such mission include the people bank, Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and Nigerian Association of Small-scale Industrialists (NASSI). The entrepreneur and his activities forms an integral part in the development of our economy. At this point, it becomes pertinent to define who is an entrepreneur and why we are having an insight into his plight to actualize the aims and objectives of its existence. Nwana, L.E. (1995:32) defined an entrepreneur as an individual who is willing and able to take business risks for gainful purpose”. Despite the aspirations of many, only a few people in this country and indeed Enugu our place of concentration has carried out their intention of having business established by them. Studies have been shown that 90% of these...
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...About Us |[pic] | | Axis Holdings is an investment management company offering specialist, value added services. Here at Axis, we aspire to invest in sectors that exhibit the potential to grow exponentially and look to translate these opportunities into tangible returns for our investors. We at Axis bring in a deep-drilled research on our chosen sectors coupled with hands on understanding of the macro economic environment. Our well defined investment processes leading to confident decision making go a long way in ensuring superior returns for our investors. Value Partnering We not only provide the much required growth capital to deserving companies but also aspire to provide meaningful value adds to Portfolio Companies. Some of our initiatives include: |[p|Providing leads to new customers/ markets with advice on entry strategy | |ic| | |] | | |[p|Building of strategic alliances with Indian/ Global corporations | |ic| | |] | ...
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...5, No. 6(1); May 2014 The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Competitive Advantage on SMEs’ Growth: A Structural Equation Modeling Study Thongvanh Sirivanh Sasiwemon Sukkabot Faculty of Management Sciences Prince of Songkla University Hatyai, Songkla 90110 Thailand Meta Sateeraroj Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Office of Academic Promotion and Registration Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze factors affecting on SMEs’ growth and to develop the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of SMEs’ growth. The samples sized consist331 entrepreneurs in Lao PDR, instrument of research was the questionnaires 5 levels of Likert Rating Scale, the variables were Entrepreneurial Orientation, Competitive Advantages and SMEs’ growth. The result of this research were as follow: The factors Entrepreneurial Orientation has positively affecting on Competitive Advantages and the factors Competitive Advantages and Entrepreneurial Orientation has positively affecting towards SME’s growth with statistical significance. Keywords: Small and medium enterprises (SMEs), SMEs’ Growth, Entrepreneurial Orientation, Competitive Advantages, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Introduction Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play an increasingly important for market growth domestically and abroad, driving sustainable growth in the trading, production and service sectors through attracting investments. SMEs also play an important...
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...The issue of FDI, inclusive growth, and institutions which have been investigated in this dissertation is highly relevant for Indonesia because of three reasons. The first is: Indonesia faces high income inequality while it has high economic growth. This evidence indicates that Indonesia’s economy is not inclusive which means that many people are still excluded from economic activity. The second is: Indonesia still relies upon foreign investment to support the economy. Central government who is responsible for managing FDI provides policies to attract more FDI. However, some evidence in some part of Indonesia regions showed that high FDI did not ensure prosperity of those regions. The evidences also demonstrate that expected positive impacts...
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...What are clusters? Why are policy makers so keen to promote them? Innovation recently has become very hot topic to general public or at least it is a bit trendy to talk about it between politicians. You can’t blame where it is very arguable that we innovate more now than ever before, we definitely talk about it more. Therefore also innovation clusters have been one of the hot topics within academics, politicians and just people who are just a bit interested into innovation. But what is innovation clusters have been defining generally and what are grounds of successes, what is innovation cluster impact on innovation and economic growth is argued a lot in academic literature. “The notion of a cluster was first put forward by Alfred Marshall (1890). He used the term “industrial district to describe agglomerations of small specialised firms found in particular localities. He cited as examples the cotton industry in Lancashire and the cutlery trade in Sheffield. He explained the success of these industrial agglomerations in terms of external economies of scale, where the close proximity of large numbers of small firms generated a market for increasingly specialised services. According to Marshall (1890), agglomeration economies around three sources of collective efficiency, namely: a local pool of specialised labour, firms specialising in the intermediate stages of production and knowledge spill-overs. “(David Smith, 2010, Exploring Innovation, P 267-268). However Marshal...
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...Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 2. Growth and Development 2 3. Human Development Index 3 3.1 Historical Background of Human Development Measurement 4 3.2 Definition of Human Development and HDI 5 3.3 HDI Calculation 6 3.4 HDI Interpretation and Application 7 3.5 Limitations 8 3.6 Criticism 9 4. Conclusion 10 Appendix-I (Acronyms and abbreviations) 10 References 11 1. Introduction Over the last two decades economic growth has got a lot more attention among policymakers, corporate, economists, and academics in India and across the world. Since 1991, when India implemented liberalization, privatization, and globalization policies, GDP growth rate has become a buzz word. It has got disproportionate amount of attention from policymakers and economists. It has been used excessively to measure the success or failure of any policy. But after two decades it has become clearly visible that GDP growth rate alone cannot measure the development of a nation. The difference between growth and development too has become clearer. In spite of fast paced economic growth for last 10-20 years, a large part of our population remains illiterate. A large part of our population does not have the access to safe drinking water and proper medical care. Highest number of malnourished children belongs to our nation. These are some of the bitter realities which GDP growth based measurement never reflects. All these facts suggest the need of a more...
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...Economics 2102 is a course in Intermediate Macroeconomics. The course will analyze the economy in a “general equilibrium” framework, where the performance of the economy in terms of output, employment and unemployment, inflation, and international trade and capital flows is determined by the simultaneous interaction of the goods, labor, money, and international markets. The course will highlight the differences between the economy in the short and long run, the important role that expectations about the future play in macroeconomic analysis, the role, limits, and transmission mechanisms of fiscal and monetary policy in efforts at economic stabilization, and the Solow model of the determinants of long-term economic growth and the role of capital formation in economic growth. The course will also explicitly consider the current challenges to the economy. Textbook and Other Materials The textbook is MacroEconomics, by Andrew B. Abel, Ben S. Bernanke, and Dean Croushore, 8th edition. The MyEconLab system that comes with that textbook is required. Grades will be based on: 1. Three problem sets turned in on MyEconLab that will count for a total of 25 percent. The problem sets when turned in are graded immediately and you will have three chances to correct any mistakes and resubmit your answers. The first problem set will count for 5 percent, the second will count for 7.5 percent, and the last one for 12.5 percent of your grade. 2. Two in-class midterms, each of...
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...On the other hand, the panorama of new and renewable energy today is filled with mostly mega projects, and assumed solutions that are only that, assumed. No matter what happens, the highest values of humanity have to supersede the expediencies of engineering. It is, however, undeniable, that we are compressed by issues that require immediate and all encompassing approaches. We seem to be corralled by the melting of ice caps and the submersion of cities; the rise of temperature and wild climate change, that ranges from desertification in places to shattering floods elsewhere; the scarcity of water and the specter of wars over maddening thirst; the rights to achieved development for some and to develop for others; the cost of economic growth and the supposed unbearable price of eradicating poverty; the blighted ecology of soviet-style systems and the menace to the environment of unbridled capitalism; the urge to increased material comfort and the menace of diminished humanistic cultures. We are, thus, compelled to make sense out of numerous scientific, political, governmental, social, religious, and ideological discourses: many ambiguous, others redolent of self-assumed-certainty, all assuredly infused with the relativity that defines scientific truths. Then, there is the question of sustainable governance and the consequent discussion over what kinds of systems are themselves sustainable. The noise that ensues from this debate reaches, sometimes, the overtones of a revivalist...
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...t ho ug OPINION Innovation as a Last Resort Going after breakthrough innovations may be glamorous, but mounting evidence suggests that's the last growth strategy you should try. by Michael Treacy Like swinging for the grand slam in baseball or betting on thetrifecta in horse racing,going for broke with innovation is glamorous. Breakthrough innovations, whether the next blockbuster product or a next-generation business model, create a buzz in the boardroom while lesser forms of innovation go unnoticed. Yet a body of evidence in recentyears makes a strong case that breakthrough innovation should be the growth strategy of last resort. Consider the travails of Sun Microsystems. Since its start in 1982, the company has developed a number of blockbusters-high-end computer workstations; the Java operating system, which has driven much Internet software development; and the powerful Internet file servers that are home to many a corporate Web site. During the dot-com bubble. Sun acted as if the Internet revolved around it. But since then, the company has been unable to keep the flow of breakthrough products coming. Even worse, in viewing itself as the industry's biggest innovator, the company eschewed more incremental innovations that could have generated signif- icant growth, including application software and consulting, which rivals have used to lock in customers. Sales since 2001 have slid nearly 40%,and $5.1 billion in losses have piled up.The company has watched 94%...
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...the Role of Innovation in the Economic Growth Process Surrounding the Role of Innovation in the Economic Growth Process Innovation Innovation is an essential element for any organization in order to survive, grow and significantly influence the direction of any industry. Development does not; however, guarantee success, but most be followed up with successive streams of innovation and change, from the incremental to the radical. The most reliable way to be successful in the industry is to innovate better and longer than the competitor, leading companies develops innovation portfolios that they can use to help sustain growth over the long term. Innovation and change is an essential part of any business activity, but only some people recognize its importance and significance. Often, management fails to notice the implication of innovation and change, which becomes the reason of the change failure. Innovation can be summarized in two main areas: innovation is doing something nobody has done in the history of the world or do something that we have not done before. Innovation does not always fit with what we do, and a lot of new opportunities that are found in the company do not sit well with her. So the first step is to create a "space" where these opportunities can be developed, at their own pace and without neglecting the routine tasks. It is therefore; necessary to release resources to enable people to experiment with these new ideas. It is also necessary that...
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