... | | |Accounting Information Systems | Copyright © 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description In this course, students examine the fundamentals of accounting systems design. Topics include business information systems, business processes and data flows, database concepts and tools, internal control and risks, auditing the information system, and using the information system to perform audit functions. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Bagranoff, N. A., Simkin, M. G., & Strand Norman, C. (2008). Core concepts of accounting information systems (10th ed.). New York, NY: Wiley. Hunton, J. E., Bryant, S. M., & Bagranoff, N. A. (2004). Core concepts of information...
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...where technology is the way to go. Even in this century there are people that are still clueless on the operating system. It is different, exciting when a new and advance system comes out. But some of us are so confused when it comes to the basics of new technology. Operating systems are programs which manages the computer’s hardware. The systems provide a basic for the applications programs between the computer user and its hardware. When looking, there are so many different types of operating systems that are available. The four main operating systems that are used are Windows, Mac, UNIX, and Linux. For every computer there are many different items that make the system a whole. When it comes to the different operating systems there are different features available, even though when you think of computers a person might think security will all be the same but there are difference between each one. As you read more you will understand the security and the difference between a MAC, UNIX/LINUX and Windows systems and how each one works. Access control goal is to protect a resource from unauthorized access while facilitating seamless and legitimate use of such resources. Presently, each day users hold the need to access to those resources through a broad line of devices, such as PCs, laptops, PDA, smartphones and kiosks. Most organizations need to provide protection for their files and allow the correct people to access. The fundamental goal of an Access management...
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...CONVERGENCE OF LOGICAL AND PHYSICAL SECURITY SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Up to now, majority of organizations have their physical and logical access systems operating as independent structures, with each being run by a totally separate department. The information technology security system, which controls access to information technology infrastructure including mail servers, the internet, database applications and web servers was managed by the department of information technology. The physical security system, which incorporates door access into buildings, systems of life support such as CCTV and Fire, and the badging process of employees, was run by the department of facilities (Mehdizadeh, Y, 2003). Currently, security operations involve the guarding of buildings and equipment in addition to protection of networks, taking care of issues of privacy, and risk management. The interrelation between the aspects of the security initiatives necessitates consolidation of the two security systems. Such a convergence of the IT and physical security functions is important in achieving an efficient security system (Mehdizadeh, Y, 2003). However, such an operation is also lined up with disadvantages. This paper looks at the pros and cons of combining the IT and physical security functions in a medium to large-size firm with complex IT system requirements and a global footprint. It also analyzes the fundamental components of an IT security system and explains how their integration supports...
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...Abstract This paper provides a brief review of the government censorship over internet, which is turning into a national dilemma as well as the cross-national conflict which affect the global businesses. Nowadays, internet censorship is widely accepted standard regulation that controls any information available on the internet and by using filtering tools to prevent people from accessing materials that are considered to be inappropriate. While government support the use of internet censorship as a protection of public security and defines the ‘inappropriate material’ to determine what people can view on the internet, others argue that it is simply a tool to take away people from their own right to express freedom of speech and make people blindly accept what they can access on the internet. The paper also addresses the growing problem of cross-national conflict by giving the practice of multinational company Google and addressing the issues of the value system between Chinese and US government. The paper concludes that as the rapid growth of internet technology and international businesses, it has become more difficult to achieve both control of information and the benefits of technology, and there is a need for balance between these two factors. Table of Contents Abstract I Table of Contents II 1. Introduction １ 2. The nature of internet development and censorship ２ 2.1The history and nature of internet development ２ 2.2 Methods of internet control ２ 2.2.1 Internet...
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...Conference on Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, 11-14 December 2011, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Toward an Abstract Language on Top of XACML for Web Services Security aDepartment of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon b Department of Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology & Research, Abu Dhabi, UAE CDepartment of Computer Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait b Azzam Mourada, Hadi Otrok , Hamdi YahyaouiC and Lama Baajoura Abstract-We introduce in this paper an abstract language on top of XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language) for web services security. It is based on the automatic generation of XACML security policies from abstract XACML profile(s). Our proposed approach allows first to specify the XACML profiles, which are then translated using our intended compiler into XACML security policies. The main contributions of our approach are: (1) Describing dynamic security policies using an abstract and user friendly profile language on top of XACML, (2) generating automatically the the XACML policies and (3) separating the business and security concerns of composite web services, and hence developing them separately. Our solution address the problems related to the complexity and difficulty of specifying security policies in XACML and other standard languages. We tested the feasibility of our approach by developing the library system (LB) that is composed of...
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...Security Technologies. Discretionary Access Control, SELinux (Security Enhanced Linux), chroot jail, and iptables are just a few. This paper is only going to discuss the latter three. Discretionary Access Control is the more traditional, however; DAC is not as secure and will not be discussed here.1 The U.S National Security Agency (NSA) is the organization behind the creation of SELinux. The reason the NSA is involved in this project is because this organization is responsible for carrying out the research and advanced development of technologies needed to enable NSA to provide the solutions, products, and services to achieve Information Assurance for information infrastructures critical to U.S. National Security interests. The NSA implemented a Mandatory Access control within the Linux Kernel. This MAC is named Flask.2 There are three main policies that SELinux uses to apply MAC. There is the Targeted, where the MAC controls will only be used for a specific process or processes, there is the Multilevel Security protection, and the Strict. The strict puts MAC controls to all processes. The targeted is not as secure as the strict, however; the targeted is easier to maintain. If one uses the strict, the administrator will have to customize the policy. Failure to do so could cause other users a significant problem in performing his or her assigned duties. 3 The main reason the MAC has been created is to help prevent security threats to a system. Threats...
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...Network Management Jonathan Gana KOLO, Umar Suleiman DAUDA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. jgkolo@gmail.com, usdauda@gmail.com Abstract Network security and management in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the ability to maintain the integrity of a system or network, its data and its immediate environment. The various innovations and uses to which networks are being put are growing by the day and hence are becoming complex and invariably more difficult to manage by the day. Computers are found in every business such as banking, insurance, hospital, education, manufacturing, etc. The widespread use of these systems implies crime and insecurity on a global scale. In addition, the tremendous benefits brought about by Internet have also widened the scope of crime and insecurity at an alarming rate. Also, ICT has fast become a primary differentiator for institution/organization leaders as it offers effective and convenient means of interaction with each other across the globe. This upsurge in the population of organizations depending on ICT for business transaction has brought with it a growing number of security threats and attacks on poorly managed and secured networks primarily to steal personal data, particularly financial information and password. This paper therefore proposes some policies and guidelines that should be followed by network administrators in organizations to help them ensure...
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...with restricting physical access by unauthorized people (commonly interpreted as intruders) to controlled facilities, although there are other considerations and situations in which physical security measures are valuable (for example, limiting access within a facility and/or to specific assets and controls to reduce physical incidents such as fires). Security unavoidably incurs costs and, in reality, it can never be perfect or complete - in other words, security can reduce but cannot entirely eliminate risks. Given that controls are imperfect, strong physical security applies using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls. For instance, physical access controls for protected facilities are generally intended to: • deter potential intruders (e.g. warning signs and perimeter markings); • distinguish authorized from unauthorized people (e.g. using pass cards/badges and keys) • delay and ideally prevent intrusion attempts (e.g. strong walls, door locks and safes); • detect intrusions and monitor/record intruders (e.g. intruder alarms and CCTV systems); and • trigger appropriate incident responses (e.g. by security guards and police). It is up to security designers to balance security controls against risks, taking into account the costs of specifying, developing, testing, implementing, using, managing, monitoring and maintaining the controls. Physical access control is a matter of who, where, and when. An access control system determines who is allowed...
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...Technical Controls Paper A.M SE578 Gordon Francois Keller Graduate School of Management January 22, 2012 Technical Controls Technical controls use technology as a basis for controlling the access and usage of sensitive data throughout a physical structure and over a network. Technical controls are far-reaching in scope and encompass such technologies as: * Encryption * Smart cards * Network authentication * Access control lists (ACLs) * File integrity auditing software Logical controls (also called technical controls) use software and data to monitor and control access to information and computing systems. For example: passwords, network and host based firewalls, network intrusion detection systems, access control lists, and data encryption are logical controls. An important logical control that is frequently overlooked is the principle of least privilege. The principle of least privilege requires that an individual, program or system process is not granted any more access privileges than are necessary to perform the task. A blatant example of the failure to adhere to the principle of least privilege is logging into Windows as user Administrator to read Email and surf the Web. Violations of this principle can also occur when an individual collects additional access privileges over time. This happens when employees' job duties change, or they are promoted to a new position, or they transfer to another department. The access privileges required...
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...A review on cloud computing security issues & challanges F. A. Alvi1, Ψ, B.S Choudary2 ,N. Jaferry3 , E.Pathan4 1 Department of Computer Systems Engineering, QUEST Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan 2 Department of Computer Systems Engineering, MUET Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 3 Department of Computer Systems Engineering, QUEST Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan 4 Department of Electronic Engineering, QUEST Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan Abstract The new developments in the field of information technology offered the people enjoyment, comforts and convenience. Cloud computing is one of the latest developments in the IT industry also known as on-demand computing. It provides the full scalability, reliability, high performance and relatively low cost feasible solution as compared to dedicated infrastructures. It is the application provided in the form of service over the internet and system hardware in the data centers that gives these services. This technology has the capacity to admittance a common collection of resources on request. It is proving extremely striking to cash-strapped IT departments that are wanted to deliver better services under pressure. When this cloud is made available for the general customer on pay per use basis, then it is called public cloud. When customer develops their own applications and run their own internal infrastructure then is called private cloud. Integration and consolidation of public and private cloud is called hybrid cloud. But having many advantages for...
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...Vulnerabilities and the Affects on Organization’s Information Technology University Maryland University College Employee’s Security Vulnerabilities and the Affects on Organization’s Information Technology Cyber security vulnerabilities and threats are real and constant. Information technology breakthroughs have given our adversaries cheaper and often effective cyber weapons to harm U.S. computer networks and systems (Gen Alexander, 2011). Unfortunately, our adversaries are not our greatest vulnerability to cyber security or cyber space. Cyber security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users. Cyber space is a domain characterized by the use of electronics and the electromagnetic spectrum to store, modify, and exchange data via networked systems and associated physical infrastructures. (Ruquet, 2011). The government has been coordinating with private organizations and the public sector to protect information technology. They have been working to detect, prevent, and mitigate cyber threats and vulnerabilities. There are multiple vulnerabilities which adversely affect information technology but this paper will focus on the human factor. Information security is...
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...they have physically constrained us by leashing us with a physical wire to the network. But wireless communications brings us back to a form of communications that is inherently natural to us. There are three main types of networks that will be discussed on this paper, namely Local Area Network (LAN), Control Area Network (CAN), and Wide Area Network (WAN) (Rysavy, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to know what each of these networks are, how they work, and how each of them can be implemented. LAN Network: This is a data communications network connecting terminals, computers and printers within a building or other geographical limited areas. These devices could be connected through wired cables or wireless links. Ethernet, Token Ring and Wireless LAN using IEEE 802.11 are examples of standard LAN technologies. Local Area Network could be interconnected using Wide Area Network (WAN) or Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) technologies. The common WAN technologies include TCP/IP, ATM, and Frame Relay. LANs are traditionally used to connect a group of people who are in the same local area. However, the working group are becoming more geographically distributed in today's working environment, making virtual LAN. VLAN technologies are defined for people in different places to share the same networking resource (Edraw visualization solutions, 2015). Implementing a LAN for a university with three campuses should not be difficult. The...
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...and transmitted over them. Today the computer system are used in wide variety of “smart devices, including Smartphone’s, televisions and tiny devices as part of the Internet of Things, and networks include not only the Internet and private data networks, but also Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and other networks. Computer security covers all the processes and mechanisms by which digital equipment, information and services are protected from unintended or unauthorized access, change or destruction and the process of applying security measures to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data both in transit and at rest. There are the various elements of the cyber security which are as: 1. Application Security 2. Information Security 3. Network Security 4. Mobile Security 5. Internet Security 6. Cyberwarfare One of the most problematic elements of cybersecurity is the quickly and constantly evolving nature of security risks. The traditional approach has been to focus most resources on the most crucial system components and protect against the biggest known threats, which necessitated leaving some less important system components undefended and some less dangerous risks not protected. "The threat is advancing quicker than we can keep up with it. The threat changes faster than our idea of the risk. It's no longer possible to write a large white paper about the risk to a particular system. You would be rewriting the white paper constantly..." http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/cybersecurity ...
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...Layered Security in Plant Control Environments Ken Miller Senior Consultant Ensuren Corporation KEYWORDS Plant Controls, Layered Security, Access Control, Computing Environment, Examination, Detection, Prevention, Encryption, Compartmentalization ABSTRACT Process control vendors are migrating their plant control technologies to more open network and operating environments such as Unix, Linux, Windows, Ethernet, and the Internet Protocol. Migrating plant controls to open network and operating environments exposes all layers of the computing environment to unauthorized access. Layered security can be used to enhance the level of security for any computing environment. Layered security incorporates multiple security technologies in each computing layer to provide resistance to unauthorized intrusion, while reducing the risk of failure from a single technology. Layered security requires acceptance of a model, development of an access control plan, compartmentalization of the network, and implementation of core security products that address examination, detection, prevention, and encryption. Layered security is considered a “best practice” in any computing environment, and should be widely used in critical control environments. INTRODUCTION Plant control environments have traditionally been built on proprietary technology. This proprietary technology provided a reasonable level of security from unauthorized access due to its “closed” nature, and lack of connection...
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...Changing Paper Documentation to Electronic in Healthcare Name Institution Date Introduction Changing from paper documentation to electronic documentation is just like switching from analog to digital television. Rigidity in institutions may prevail but at the end all the institutions conform to one documentation method the electronic documentation. An electronic document is any media content other than computer system files or programs used in either soft copy form or paper as a print out (Yu, 2006). With technological advancement, the use of written documents has reduced because it has become easier to distribute and display documents in screens (AWARE, 2005). The method has an impact on reducing paperwork and space for storage of these materials. Documentation of activities involving purchases, sales, distribution, drug administration, patient health record, finance and other relevant activities of any organization is a primary issue in maintaining efficiency in operations (AHIMA, 2010). The use of paper documentation is somehow a far behind the method and rather tedious and inefficient. A more reliable and efficient way of keeping health records is thus a necessary change that may help reduce the demerits associated with the paper documentation method. Technologically advancement has brought with it more efficient and easy way to record and maintain a company or organization’s documents (AWARE, 2005). Changing from paper to electronic file documentation is thus a primary...
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