...Using Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) as a framework, this paper presents a multi-method investigation of the communicative behaviors in culturally heterogeneous workgroups (CHWs). Analysis of observations (participant and non-participant), semi structured interviews, and self-report surveys from both field and student samples provide insight on the communicative behaviors and strategies employed in the production and management of both productive and destructive conflict and outcomes for CHWs. The research demonstrates the usefulness of the CAT framework to analyses of conflict in CHWs and provides fresh insights on the triggers and management strategies associated with conflict in CHWs. A topical organizational scheme will be used in this section to increase the knowledge of this theory for the reader. As you may perhaps guessed, many scholarly articles focus in the concepts of convergence and divergence when it comes to testing or supporting CAT but instead of stating one research scholarly article at the time with its hypotheses, methods and findings, a synthesis of several articles with overlaps in topics will be given instead. Let’s start with relationships, One important aspect of speech accommodation theory to consider is how researchers evaluate speech. By examining factors that are used to determine speech behaviors, much can be learned about the study of accommodation. There are several characteristics of speech upon which researchers have focused...
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...Kayla D. King Journal 9 December 1, 2013 CAT Part 1 The Communication Accommodation Theory came about after; Giles realized that speech goes beyond twangs, pronunciation, and gaps in speech. In 1987 Giles coined the Communication Accommodation Theory as a theory that is based on intercultural communication. Accommodation is the ongoing shift in communication that is either toward or away from others. This theory is based on two strategies: convergence and divergence. Both are seen as accommodation because of the constant shift in communication. Convergence is a strategy that is used when an individual adjusts their speech to be similar to the person they are speaking with. Another strategy that is based on convergence is called discourse management. Discourse management is the act of carefully choosing topics that will not generate tension or awkward moments. In contrast, divergence is the act of moving away from others by not adjusting speech. An individual emphasizing the differences between he or she and another person is another way to divert. In intergenerational relationships, the elderly tend to use self-handicapping as a face-saving strategy. Self-handicapping, in this case, is when the elderly use being older as an excuse. Another divergent strategy is maintenance. Maintenance is continuing to use original communication without regard for others, also known as underaccommodation. Moreover, overaccommodation is patronizing belittling speech,...
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...Discuss some of the ways that participants in a conversation are sensitive to others needs There are two theories in spoken language that explain how speech in conversations changes due different factors. Some of these factors include; professional status, regional background, and age. These theories are the accommodation theory and the co-operative principle. The accommodation theory was developed by Howard Giles in the 1970’s. He had the theory we change our speech depending on the conversational needs of the person we are talking to. This either leads to divergence, people’s speech moving apart, or convergence, moving our speech closer to the other person’s style. Furthermore, convergence has the effect of decreasing the social distance between speakers which includes downwards convergence which is moving away from Received Pronunciation. A situation where this would take place could be talking to a friend or relative with a strong regional accent. This contrasts with upwards convergence where a person moves closer to Received Pronunciation. A situation in which this could occur could be when talking to a boss or someone with higher status. Mutual convergence is when both the participants move towards each other’s speech styles which tends to happen when both the speakers like each other. Divergence has the effect of emphasising the differences between two people’s speech styles such as a teacher asserting their authority with a class of students. The co-operative principle...
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...After watching the tutorials at the end of our lecture, I have found that there are more types of power then I thought of previously. Some of these seem to be effective, while others seem to be less effective. The ones that I find to be the most effective are Referent and Expert powers, I think it is much benefit in a hardworking approach to power, such as with the referent form of power. You can ensure that things get done in an easy and fair manner. Also with the expert form of power, you ensure that you are also on top of the situation, regardless of the surrounding factors, such as people or other stresses. I would like to believe that I have these types of power, but more commonly in my job, I use legitimate power. In most of the time at work I have to be the one to tell all my fellow employees what to do and how to meet our boss demands, therefore meeting our deadline of work is the most important part. Overall I am seen as the authoritative type of management but my boss is more uses of the coercive form of power, which I think is probably the least effective type. It almost makes me want to perform at a lower level when being treated in that way. When he does use this form of power, there are times where I do use some expert power by not responding in a negative way to his coercive attitude. Being aware of these types of power can able to help me identify which types of method I should use when I am the regarding situations, and it also helps me with my leadership skills...
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...which they are day by day setting for their students. The questions of the final examinations should, therefore, be representatives of the types of educational objectives set in the different school subjects. The emphasis upon memory and some of the simpler types suggests a need for a modification in emphasis in most of the school subject. Frequently all questions are considered as belonging to one of two groups, “thought questions” or “memory questions”. Such a definite classification is not, however, always possible. The character of the mental process involved in answering depends upon the person replying as well as upon the form of the question asked. Those questions calling for definite facts are almost certain to be based upon memory; on the other hand, those requiring classification, evaluation, contrast, etc. are likely to demand thought on the part of most students. If, however, such classification or evaluations have been made in a previous class exercise some students may easily remember the answers and, in such a case, a thought question for one student becomes a memory question for another. (Monroe, 1923) Hence, the academic performance of a student mostly depend on his/her evaluation in exam. Students excel on either one of the two types or both. But oftentimes, examinees encounter problems in answering either one of the said types. Competitive/ Objectives exams are very much different than the board exams. As a result success in competitive exams requires a different...
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...Audience Analysis Paper Adrian Perez Business Communication Kelly Parker Audience Analysis Paper In any organization or business, different types of meeting will take place with the organization which will involve different situations. It is critical to prepare for a business meeting especially when it involves stakeholders, your managers, salespeople, and customers. The main key to a successful meeting regardless of what is being presented is communication. How will the message be received? What type of audience will be attending? Is the message effective? All these points are important when preparing for a business meeting. There are different characteristics of the audience to consider when preparing for a meeting. When getting ready for the meeting, identify what kind of audience will attend. There are five different types of audiences to consider. One of them is the gatekeeper, which can stop the message and will not be received by other audiences. The primary audience decides if message will be accepted. The secondary audience can maybe implement ideas after they have been approved. The auxiliary audience will not interact with the message. Last but not least, the watchdog audience has political, social, or economic power, which can base future actions on the message. All these types of audiences are going to influence the message coming across. There are two important tools to realize when dealing with business meetings, common sense...
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...of operating systems, this topic can be extremely important to a customer and designer of said system. Failures in a system can create catastrophic events that are costly in both monetary and emotional aspects. Faults within a system can be different in nature and can continue to wreak havoc on the system or to do nothing in some cases. Failures in distributed and centralized system can be specific in nature; however a generalized topic can describe the majority of these failures across the system. There are four types of failures in distributed systems that can affect functionality; but two of these four specific failures that can affect centralized systems as well. The general failures include: halting type failures, byzantine style failures, omission failures, and failures related to network issues. While all of these are important some of them affect a system more violently than others. The first types of failures to discuss are halting failures. These types of failures can be frustrating in nature since they affect most of the system and do not allow the operator to really investigate without rebooting the entire system. These failures essentially freeze the system without allowing any action to alleviate the issue. There can be many reasons for a halting failure such as hardware or software malfunctions, memory problems, or even viruses. Many of these problems can be solved by updating your system, acquiring memory that can create room to do some of the system work,...
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...Resource | Description | How each resource can be used by the Mayflower Theatre | Buildings and facilities | The location of where a business operates. Every business needs some form of building to work in. It can range from a small office in a web based company to a massive warehouse for a company like Wilton Bradley Ltd. | They have a grade 2 listed building in which the theatre is located. | Materials & Waste | The type of materials depends on what type of business it is. Some businesses choose to help the environment by only having recyclable materials (paper, energy etc.). Waste is what isn’t needed therefore removed from the area. | The materials used by the Mayflower Theatre are things like paper, electricity for lighting and computers etc. These are all used when tickets are bought, profit is counted and throughout the day when the theatre needs lighting. | Plant & Machinery | These are the items used for physical movement in businesses. Anything needed to be moved or removed would be done by a piece of machinery which could be of any size. | The Mayflower Theatre uses things like fork lift trucks to move larger equipment on and off of the stage. They also have electrical testing equipment which are used for safety reasons. | Equipment Including IT | The things used by every business come under the equipment category. Things like pens and computers are all equipment used by businesses. | Computers are in the Mayflower Theatre which are all used daily...
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...for marketing research 2-Define the problem 3-Establish research objectives 4- Determine research design 5-Identify information types and sources 6- Determine methods of accessing data 7- Design data collection forms 8- Determine the sample plan and size 9- Collect data 10- Analyse data 11- Prepare and present the final research reporps in the mat -For the first sources of information Nick Thomas has was to trade publication has to do with Primary classify which we think it has to do with steps 1,2 and 3 of the marketing research process why Secondary classify case of information is the internal report system we being from step 4,5,and 9 . II- Assume Nick Thomas decides that he must gather primary information to decribes the strength of consumers ‘ attitudes toward future oil price levels and global warming. Looking back at the 11-step process in this chapter,suggest what Nick may want to do in terms of the following: A-Why types of research design should Nick use? The type of research design Nick has to use is called Descriptive research, it one of the three type of research that determines research design, these type of research studies may describe such things as consumer，attitudes, intentions and behaviors or the number competitors and their strategies and also Both exploratory and...
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...learn about the guidelines within a perfectly appropriate paper. Throughout the course I have found out there are many types of essays that are typed for appropriate matters or when it comes to certain points that need to stand out. There is the expository paper which is when you need to explain a theme or an idea to your intended audience and this style has a well-defined thesis. A persuasive essay is when you try to convince the audience or reader on a position you have about a certain topic or point of view. You are trying to persuade the readers and let them know you are correct. Analytical essay is when you analyze and examine a type of product which can consist of a book, poem or even a play or major even that happened. This essay basically explains the topic you want the audience to understand and you state the facts about the topic and inform them about everything you know with proof. Argumentative essays are a type of essay with your own personal opinion, theory and hypothesis about an issue that is correct and more truthful then those around you. This type is similar to a persuasive essay but the difference is that you are arguing your opinion instead of trying to let the audience agree or convert over to your point of view. I feel my writing has drastically improved after learning the types of essays I will be-able to write now. The way I used to type my papers was telling everything...
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...DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 What are the three types of billing schemes? What type of proactive test is used to detect these schemes? Home Work Hour aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ACC 375 Week 3 Discussion Question 2 in order to ace their studies. ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product-category/acc-375/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 What are the three types of billing schemes? What type of proactive test is used to detect these schemes? Home Work Hour aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ACC 375 Week 3 Discussion Question 2 in order to ace their studies. ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product-category/acc-375/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 What are the three types of billing schemes? What type of proactive test is used to detect these schemes? Home Work Hour aims to provide quality study notes and tutorials to the students of ACC 375 Week 3 Discussion Question 2 in order to ace their studies. ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 To purchase this visit here: http://www.nerdypupil.com/product-category/acc-375/ Contact us at: nerdypupil@gmail.com ACC 375 WEEK 3 DISCUSSION QUESTION 2 What are the three types of billing schemes? What type of proactive test is used to detect these...
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...developmental stage is the relationship? How did it develop? Explain one factor that led to a short-term relationship and one that led to a long-term relationship. Identify which type of power relationship you have and what types of power are commonly exercised. Explain the importance of attraction and power in the relationship. Identify at least one area in which the relationship may be improved. Develop a strategy to manage this relationship using two or more relationship management skills. Explain how you may use each skill in your strategy to address the challenge and how you may escalate, maintain, or decrease intimacy. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Alternative Option (with instructor approval): Create a 10-to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with detailed speaker notes in which you analyze a current or past relationship (personal or professional) and create a strategy for managing it. •Explain the basic facts of the relationship by answering the following questions: •With whom did you have/do you have the relationship? •How long did you know/have you known this person? •At what developmental stage was/is the relationship in? How did it develop? Explain one factor that led to a short-term relationship and one that led to a long-term relationship. Identify which type of power relationship you have and what...
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...highly intelligent but when you think about it I only know what I have been taught. Since I received my GED there were a lot of simple things that I was not taught. I moved a lot as a child and that too was a reason for me being so behind in my classes in school. I ended up taking this one math class for three years straight. -Was the test biased in any way? I do not believe that this test was biased in any way. I think that this test tested me in many aspects of intelligence and my score reflected on that. In order for this test to be biased it would have to persuade me towards a certain point and this test did not do anything like that. -How do you feel about these types of scores being used to compare you with another person? Please explain. I like it when I am compared to other people when taking this type of test. I like competition and when I see my scores against other people I like to come out on top. I am a very competitive person and when I do well I feel accomplished. Doing so also helps me to build my self-esteem and makes me feel like I can do...
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...Kelsey Vanwey Jim Tanoos Consumer Behavior Saturday March 7, 2015 Chapter 9 8. Discuss the role of headlines in a print advertisement. What is the difference between a direct headline and an indirect headline and when might each type be used? “A headline has 5-7 seconds to get the attention of a reader. Not only that, but statistics show that only 2 out of 10 readers will read past your headline. That means if you’re going to hook your reader, you need to do it right away” (8 Types of Headlines that Compel Your Readers to Action, 2009). In addition to grabbing the reader’s attention, the headline must offer some type of value to the reader in exchange for them taking the time to read your piece. “Direct headlines are straightforward and informative in terms of the message they are presenting and the target audience they are directed toward. A direct headline may be used when someone or somewhere is offering a specific benefit, making a promise, or announcing a reason the reader should be interested in the product or service” (George E. Belch, 2014). For example, an ad “LandlordMax – 30% off today only” (8 Types of Headlines that Compel Your Readers to Action, 2009). “An indirect headline is not straightforward about identifying the product or service or getting to the point. However, they are often more effective at attracting readers’ attention and interest because they provoke curiosity and lure readers into the body copy to learn an answer or get an explanation...
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...INTRODUCTION http://books.google.co.in/books?id=OVBPSkR8nicC&printsec=frontcover&dq=reasons+for+popularity+of+resort&hl=en&sa=X&ei=JYQdUsaZFcuXrAf2o4Bg&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=reasons%20for%20popularity%20of%20resort&f=false Resort management is the combination of three elements: * Recreational attractions that draws guests to the facility * Housing and food and beverage services that cater to the people away from home * Activities to occupy guests during their stay RESORT: A resort is a place for relaxation or recreation, attracting visitors for vacations and/or tourism. Resorts are places, towns or sometimes commercial establishment operated by a single company. Towns which are resorts — or where tourism or vacationing is a major part of the local activity — are sometimes called resort towns. If the resorts are situated near the sea, then they are called seaside resorts. Inland resorts include ski resorts, mountain resorts and spa towns. Towns such as Sochi in Russia, Sharm el Sheikh in Egypt, Barizo in Spain, Cortina d'Ampezzo in Italy, Druskininkai in Lithuania, Cancun in Mexico, Newport, Rhode Island, in the USA, Ischgl in Austria, St. Moritz in Switzerland, Blackpool in England and Malam Jabba in Pakistan are well-known resorts. In North American English, the term "resort" is now also used for a self-contained commercial establishment which attempts to provide for most of a vacationer's wants while remaining on the...
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