...based organization is reporting under the IFRS standard while their branch in the United States is using US-GAAP. While the differences do not outweigh the similarities, GAAP and IFRS standards have caused some concerns in financial reporting. These concerns have led to the evaluation of these two reporting standards and the discussion on whether to move IFRS worldwide. This paper will outline a few of the differences between GAAP and IFRS as well as review the discussion of standardized reporting using IFRS. Introduction Historically, accounting and reporting standards in the United States have been set by the AICPA (American Institute of Certified Public Accounts) as laid out by the regulations set by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In 1973, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was developed by the AICPA as a council for establishing standards for reporting for all United States companies. Under FASB, GAAP was reorganized into approximately 90 accounting standards offering concise methods to follow for financial reporting. This not only allowed for ease of access when reading US financials statements, but also allowed for comparison of documentation for investments, credits, and other financial decisions. On the other hand, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) were developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) based in London. Currently, about 120 nations require the use of IFRS for financial reporting by public...
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...developing accounting principles and provide understanding. These concept statements are non-authoritative and do not establish generally accepted accounting principles. Entities do not use the FASB Concept Statements in routine preparation of financial statements. (8,2) The IASB and the Interpretations Committee use conceptual framework when developing new or revised International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and interpretations or when amending existing IFRSs. It is used as a point of reference to help preparers of financial statements in applying IFRSs or when no specific guidance is given. The IASB’s Conceptual Framework is not an International Financial Reporting Standard and does not override any specific IFRS. However, the Conceptual Framework is used in development of future standards and the IASB is reviewing IFRSs and the Conceptual Framework to eliminate all conflicts between them. (2,7) Basis of Accounting Both U.S. GAAP and IFRS use a modified historical cost basis with a growing emphasis on fair value when preparing financial statements. When non-U.S. entities operate in a highly inflationary environment and prepare GAAP financial statements; they have the choice to either report price-level adjusted local currency financial statements or measure its financial statements into a non-highly inflationary currency. Under IFRS, an entity is to adjust to state items in the measuring unit at the current reporting date. Entities that follow U.S. GAAP disclose...
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...Global GAAP: IFRS vs. US GAAP Acct 522 Current Topics in Financial Reporting Zhipeng Cao CIN: 300443421 Introduction The most influential accounting reporting criteria today is the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by and U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). These two different accounting standards have various emphases. In short, IFRS states principles and it leaves the decision-making in everyday questions for accountants, while US GAAP consists of very detailed measures. Under the globalization environment, many companies are operating under a global scale; however, each country has its own accounting standard which makes the translation more difficulty. So the demand for the convergence of the two most important standards comes out. (Accounting Reporting Criteria, 2009, March 23). In this paper, I will put more emphasis on the comparison of the detail differences between International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP). I will also pay attention to the convergence of the two accounting principles. Body 1 In this part, I will mainly discuss the difference between IFRS vs. US GAAP; the table below shows the brief summary of the major differences between IFRS vs. US GAAP. I would like to discuss some of them. General approach The most significant difference between IFRS and U.S. GAAP exist in the general approach. IFRS mostly provides the basic accounting principle...
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...IFRS vs U.S. GAAP Victoria Harris American Public University Acct 610 There are two sets of accounting standards that are used worldwide. One is the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). There is a huge desire for there to one set of accounting standards worldwide with the increase of companies performing business in many different countries and global expansion. The International Financial Reporting Standards are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. These set of accounting standards are international in more than 110 countries and the state how certain transactions and other events should be reported in the preparation of financial statements. This set of standards’ purpose is to make international comparisons easier. This is not an easy task, though, because there is already set rules in every country. U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are another set of accounting standards that is adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and are the rules followed by companies in the United States when compiling financial statements. These set of standards was originally developed by auditors and regulated by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) historically. The SEC is now considering changing the standards for the United States and going with the International Financial Reporting Standards in order to create a more constant...
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...Introduction Basically, the study is on the differences of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) influence in property management industry. The study focuses on two basic accounting principles in valuing assets, which are fair value and historical cost. The property refers to the land and building, as those are the main part of total fixed assets of a company. Asset is the most important element in the balance sheet, hence the method used for assets valuation is very important to avoid over or under estimation. This is the reason why the choice for measurement method is importance in determining the value of assets because it will affects the acquisition price and the comprehensive income of the firm in terms off income and shareholder equity. The author too focuses on the accounting treatment in accordance to International Financial reporting Standard (IFRS), US GAAP and Greek GAAP. With reference to the article, asset can be defined as a good able to provide a constant flow of services such as housing services and a source of cash flow. Assets are ruled by a set of basic aspects such as the cost (cost of land or construction cost), the residual value, the useful life estimation and depreciation charge. These elements are correlated with the type and use form of assets. The author also apply some accounting principles in their study such as prudence, historical costs, substance over form, going concern, true and fair view and many more. Data Methodology/approach ...
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...they reported under IFRS. Be as specific as possible and discuss any costs and benefits to the company. There are many similarities in US GAAP and IFRS. Convergence continued to be a high priority for both the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). However, the convergence process is designed to address only the most significant differences. While standards will be more similar, differences will continue to exist. In general, US GAAP tends to have more specific rules while IFRS rules are more flexible and requires more interpretation. The materiality of the reporting difference to a company’s financial statements depends on a variety of factors, including the nature of the company, the details of the transactions and interpretation of rules. Discussed below are some major aspects that would change if Colgate reports under IFRS. 1. Classification of deferred tax assets and liabilities on balance sheet Under US GAAP, for deferred tax asset, current or non-current classification is required. In the perspective of IFRS reporting rules, all deferred tax asset amounts should be classified as non-current in balance sheet. Referring to the footnote on Income Taxes (page 80 of 10k), Colgate included 284 of deferred tax asset in other current asset in compliance with US GAAP, while under IFRS, the 284 current deferred tax asset should be reclassified as non- current asset. 2. Costing method for inventory Referring...
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...IFRS vs. GAAP: What are the differences, how does it affect net income reporting and what difficulties may exist in mandating IFRS in the U.S. Introduction I propose to write a paper on some of the major differences which still remain between IFRS and US GAAP. Although the FASB and IASB along with the SEC have been working to converge the two accounting systems, many differences still exist. In particular I plan to show the effects on the reported net income of companies and highlight the difficulties of mandating the use of IFRS in the U.S. Resources abound on this topic, some include: Hughes S, Sander J. A U.S. Manager's Guide to Differences Between IFRS and U.S. GAAP. Management Accounting Quarterly [serial online]. Summer2007 2007;8(4):1-8. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 7, 2014 SMITH L. IFRS and U.S. GAAP: Some Key Differences Accountants Should Know. Management Accounting Quarterly [serial online]. Fall2012 2012;14(1):19-26. Available from: Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 7, 2014. de Mesa Graziano, C., & Heffes, E. M. (2008). IFRS Section: Definition of Fair Value, One of the Differences Between U.S. GAAP and IFRS. Financial Executive, 24(10), 14 Romeo, G., & Bao, D. (2012). TEACHING INVENTORY USING U.S. GAAP AND IFRS: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Journal For Global Business Education, 1225-34. Siegel J., & Shim J. (2010) Accounting Handbook, Barron’s Educational Services,...
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...AN EXAMINATION OF INVENTORY COSTING CONVERGENCE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS Casey Reineking Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 E-mail: casey.reineking@hotmail.com Don H. Chamberlain Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 Holly R. Rudolph Department of Accounting Murray State University Murray, KY 42071-3314 L. Murphy Smith* Department of Accounting Murray State University 351 Business Building Murray, KY 42071-3314 Tel: 270-809-4297 Email: msmith93@murraystate.edu *Corresponding author Forthcoming in Journal of International Business Research AN EXAMINATION OF INVENTORY COSTING CONVERGENCE UNDER GENERALLY ACCEPTED ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS ABSTRACT Accounting principles in the United States are converging toward international standards. If convergence continues, and there are proponents and detractors, then the U.S. system of accounting, called Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), will eventually be replaced by International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Convergence has profound implications for publicly traded companies and their many stakeholders such as investors, lenders, government agencies, and employees. A key issue facing accounting standard-setters is the treatment of inventory costing, an area in which GAAP and IFRS differ. This study addresses three...
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...Financial Reporting Standards vs. Generally Accepted Accounting Principals Over the last decade, the world has become increasingly connected. Businesses are embracing opportunities abroad and gathering investors from a progressively growing international market. Globalization has given rise to a number of questions regarding multicultural business practice. It has also created a need for universal financial reporting that is consistent and useful to all of its users, international and domestic alike. Due to this growing concern, the International Accounting Standards Board was established and has created a code of standards to facilitate such financial reporting. IFRS is an acronym for International Financial Reporting Standards. IFRS are a set of accounting standards that will establish a uniform financial statement accounting standard across the world (AICPA, “What is IFRS”). These standards will create a consistency among financial statements, and will allow external uses better comparability from one entity to another, regardless of the entity’s country of origin. IFRS was developed by the International Accounting Standards Board, IASB, a London based organization established in 2001. The AICPA was a founder member of this board, and, while not in direct affiliation thereof, has established a website to educate individuals and businesses on IFRS (AICPA, “What is the IASB”). The cost of the United States converting to IFRS is under scrutiny, many believe the benefits would be...
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...com/shop/acc-401-week-8-quiz/ ACC 401 WEEK 8 QUIZ ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz, ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz - Strayer Chapter 11 International Financial Reporting Standards Multiple Choice—Conceptual 1. The goals of the International Accounting Standards Committee include all of the following except a. To improve international accounting. b. To formulate a single set of auditing standards to be applied in all countries. c. To promote global acceptance of its standards. d. To harmonize accounting practices between countries. 2. Which of the following is true about the FASB after the mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies? a. The FASB will serve in an advisory capacity to the IASB. b. The FASB will remain the designated standard-setter for US companies, but incorporate IFRS into US GAAP. c. The role of the FASB post-IFRS adoption has not been determined. d. The FASB will cease to exist. 3. Milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies include all of the following except: a. Improvements in accounting standards. b. Limited early adoption of IFRS in an effort to enhance comparability for US investors c. Mandatory use of IFRS by US entities. d. All of the above are milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies. 4. The roles of the IASC Foundation include a. establishing global standards for financial reporting. b. coordinating the filing requirements of stock exchange regulatory agencies. c. financing IASB...
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...Analysis of IFRS and U.S. GAAP GAAP or acronym for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles refers to the standard framework of guidelines for financial accounting used in any given jurisdiction. It is a common set of accounting principles, standards, and procedures that companies use to compile their financial statements (Investopedia). For many years, countries have developed their own accounting standards. The U.S. has always followed the U.S. GAAP while most European countries followed the IFRS, or acronym for International Financial Reporting Standard. In a sense, the U.S. had their own financial “language”, and in order to communicate with others, they needed to translate to a language they could understand. As globalization and international trade increased, such differences in the financial language caused many difficulties and problems, creating a demand for a new language that is universally accepted and understood. The convergence of IFRS and GAAP is what came of this demand. Understanding U.S. GAAP and more importantly its transition to IFRS is extremely crucial for anyone pursuing a career in Accounting or related fields. At the time of the stock market crash in 1929, there was no structure setting accounting standards. As the nation plunged into the Great Depression, there were calls for increased government regulation of financial institutions. The result was the establishment of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC); a federal agency that administers...
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...the business world - particularly in the accounting field - a major issue has surfaced in recent years relating to the differences between Generally Accepted Accounting Principals (GAAP) and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Currently, the majority of countries in the world follow International Financial Reporting Standards guidelines; however, the United States still uses Generally Accepted Accounting Principals. This topic has been a main focus because there is a plan for convergence between the two frameworks in the near future. The United States accounting system will undergo drastic changes when this occurs, but in the long-run the idea is to simplify the accounting procedures around the world. The main difference between GAAP and IFRS is that GAAP is considerably rule-based, whereas IFRS is more principal-based which means IFRS has room for interpretation. The specific differences are far too many to cover in a short presentation, however, an explanation of some major differences are mentioned below. In certain instances, GAAP and IFRS follow different approaches for the determination of specific amounts as well as how these amounts are recognized in financial statements and within the notes. One of these instances occurs in the measurement of inventory. Unlike GAAP which accepts the FIFO, LIFO, and weighted-average methods, IFRS does not accept LIFO. Also, when inventory is recorded on the balance sheet, IFRS requires that it be reported at the lower...
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...com/ Product Description PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz, ACC 401 Week 8 Quiz – Strayer Chapter 11 International Financial Reporting Standards Multiple Choice—Conceptual 1. The goals of the International Accounting Standards Committee include all of the following except a. To improve international accounting. b. To formulate a single set of auditing standards to be applied in all countries. c. To promote global acceptance of its standards. d. To harmonize accounting practices between countries. 2. Which of the following is true about the FASB after the mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies? a. The FASB will serve in an advisory capacity to the IASB. b. The FASB will remain the designated standard-setter for US companies, but incorporate IFRS into US GAAP. c. The role of the FASB post-IFRS adoption has not been determined. d. The FASB will cease to exist. 3. Milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies include all of the following except: a. Improvements in accounting standards. b. Limited early adoption of IFRS in an effort to enhance comparability for US investors c. Mandatory use of IFRS by US entities. d. All of the above are milestones in the transition plan for mandatory adoption of IFRS by US companies. 4. The roles of the IASC Foundation include a. establishing global standards for financial reporting. b. coordinating the filing requirements of stock exchange regulatory agencies. c. financing IASB operations...
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...Running Head: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GAAP AND IFRS 1 Differences Between GAAP and IFRS Accounting Practices Sharon Woodards Liberty University Intermediate Accounting II 302 Professor Ashley Harper November 7, 2014 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GAAP AND IFRS 2 Both the IFRS ( International Financial Reporting Standards ) and the GAAP ( Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ) are a set of accounting rules that companies either can or must follow when preparing their financial statements. Set by policy boards, the United States enforces the use of GAAP as the set of rules of processes and standards that its companies must use for reporting and recording of their financial statements. At the same, other parts of the words use the IFRS as their set of rules for companies to follow. This IFRS set of rules were developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Due to this, the world has been talking about combining the two standards into one globalized set of accounting standards that will comprise of both standards. The object of this would be to have the world recognize one set of globalized set of accounting practices. There are some differences that the US should be aware of before the convergence between the two ever takes place. Some of the major differences between GAAP and IFRS revolve around grants to employees, vesting, modifications, tax withholding, inventory differences, revenues and expenses...
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...There is a lot to be done before US GAAP is totally converged with IFRS, and there are still significant differences between the two reporting standards. The consolidated financial statements of Nokia are prepared in accordance with IFRS, which are set by the IASB. The accounting for investment impairments is different from IFRS to GAAP. US GAAP does not permit the reversal of an impairment charge related to available-for-sale debt and equity investments, whereas IFRS allows reversals due to a subsequent recovery. Nokia reverses any increase in the fair value of investment in a subsequent period, and includes this reversal in the income statement. Another difference between the two reporting standards is in accounting for inventories. Under IFRS you cannot account for inventories using LIFO, whereas under GAAP you are permitted to use LIFO. Under GAAP inventories are valued at their Lower of Cost or Market, where Market is the replacement cost, limited to a “ceiling” and “floor”, and under IFRS inventories are stated at the Lower of Cost or Net Realizable Value, it does not use a ceiling or floor to determine Market. Under GAAP when inventory is written down using lower of cost or market, the new basis is considered its cost, therefore, inventory may not be written back up to its original cost in a subsequent period. Under IFRS, the write down may be reversed in a subsequent period up to the amount of the previous write down. Under IFRS a one-step approach is used to review...
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