...Misuse of Statistics Studying about misuses of statistics with example: Statistics: Statistics is an aggregate of facts. Individual facts do not constitute statistics.The height of an individual does not constitute statistics. But the heights of 50 students in a class constitute statistics, since they are affected by multiplicity of causes, like age, heritage etc.The facts must be related to some department of enquiry. Collection of facts will not form statistics unless they are subjected to enquiry.Statistical data should be collected in a systematic manner keeping the purpose in view. Statistics means the methods used for collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. Statistics is also defined as the science which deals with collection, analysis and interpretation of numerical data. Limitations and Misuses of Statistics with Examples: Statistics can be used only to study numerically valued data. Statistics deals only with aggregate and not with individuals. Statistical data are true only on an average. Statistical data collected for given purpose cannot be applied to any situation. It is not always possible to compare statistical data, unless they are homogeneous in character. Misuses of Statistics with Examples: Statistical methods should be intelligently and carefully used as their misuses may lead to unsatisfactory results and dangerous conclusions. False conclusions will follow if the data collected is incomplete...
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...and social care organisation. Following are the external factors that are affecting the decision making of health and social care organisation. (Blog NHS Website, 2005). 1. Legislation: There are many set of rules and regulations defined by the government and health and social care sector is bound to obey these rules and regulations Such as “The Mental Capacity Act 2005”, The Access to Medical Reports Act 1988, Blood Safety and Quality Legislation, The Census (Confidentiality) Act 1991, The Children Act 2004, The Civil Contingencies Act 2004, The Civil Evidence Act 1995, Commission Directive 2003/63/EC (brought into UK law by inclusion in the Medicines for Human Use (Fees and Miscellaneous Amendments) Regulations 2003), The Computer Misuse Act 1990, The Congenital Disabilities (Civil Liability) Act 1976, The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) 1987, The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH), Regulations 2002, The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1990, The Crime and Disorder Act 1998, The Criminal Appeal Act 1995, The Data Protection Act (DPA) 1998, The Data Protection (Processing of Sensitive Personal Data) Order 2000, The Disclosure of Adoption Information (Post-Commencement Adoptions) Regulations 2005, The Electronic Commerce (EC Directive) Regulations 2002, The Electronic Communications Act 2000, The Environmental Information Regulations (EIR) 2004, The Freedom of Information (FOI) Act 2000, The Gender Recognition Act 2004, The Gender Recognition (Disclosure of...
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...to the person who has made a request within 20 working days. | Santander Bank has a lot of information about their customers when they open up a bank account for them and it’s necessary for them to gather information so that they could offer their customers latest products and services. This act enables their customers to make a request of their information pack that Santander Bank holds. Santander Bank should send the details/ information they have to their customers within 20 working days in the requested format. The request must be in writing either letter or an email and should contain the name of the applicant, address and the description of the information required. | Computer Misuse Act 1990 | This Act enacts against certain activities using computers such hacking someone’s system, misuse others software or gain access to protected files on someone else’s computer. In addition, unauthorised...
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...processed; o Processed for limited purposes; o Adequate, relevant and not excessive; o Accurate and up to date; o Not kept for longer than is necessary; o Processed in line with the rights of individuals; o Secure; and o Not transferred to other countries without adequate protection. Computer Misuse Act 1990 Hacking has been around almost as long as the Internet; some people just love to try and break into a computer system. Prior to 1990, there was no legislation in place to tackle the problems caused by hacking. Although everyone knew that it was wrong and should be against the law, there was nothing that anyone could do about it. As the problem grew, it became apparent that specific legislation was needed to enable hackers to be prosecuted under the law. So, in 1990, the Computer Misuse Act was passed. The Computer Misuse Act (1990) Recognized the following new offences: Unauthorized access to computer material o Unauthorized access with intent to commit or facilitate a crime o Unauthorized modification of computer material. o Making, supplying or obtaining anything which can be used in computer misuse offences. o Freedom of Information Act 2000 o Has a huge impact- increased work load- o Applies to all Public Authorities, i.e. schools, colleges. government etc o Affects everyone in the organization o Statutory duty to implement o Allows anyone, no matter who or where they are, to find out...
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...system to be scrapped and a concerted campaign launched against drink. Led by the sacked government drugs adviser David Nutt with colleagues from the breakaway Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs, the study says that if drugs were classified on the basis of the harm they do, alcohol would be class A, alongside heroin and crack cocaine. Today's paper, published by the respected Lancet medical journal, will be seen as a challenge to the government to take on the fraught issue of the relative harms of legal and illegal drugs, which proved politically damaging to Labour. Nutt was sacked last year by the home secretary at the time, Alan Johnson, for challenging ministers' refusal to take the advice of the official Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, which he chaired. The committee wanted cannabis to remain a class C drug and for ecstasy to be downgraded from class A, arguing that these were less harmful than other drugs. Nutt claimed scientific evidence was overruled for political reasons. The new paper updates a study carried out by Nutt and others in 2007, which was also published by the Lancet and triggered debate for suggesting that legally available alcohol and tobacco were more dangerous than cannabis and LSD. Alcohol, in that paper, ranked fifth most dangerous overall. The 2007 paper also called for an overhaul of the drug classification system, but critics disputed the criteria used to rank the drugs and the absence of differential weighting. Today's study offers...
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...lawfullyUsed only for the purposes stated when it was collectedKept for no longer than is absolutely necessaryKept safe and secureNot transferred outside the UK without adequate protection such as passwordsIt is also illegal for businesses to send out information not requested so businesses will often ask customers if they want to receive future additional information.This applies to businesses such as Tesco and Amazon both regardless of whether the information is written or electronic.Any organisation that needs to store personal information must apply to register with the Information Commissioner and must declare what information will be stored and how it will be used in advance. | Computer Misuse Act (1990)The Computer Misuse Act (1990)There were no laws to deal with computer misuse before 1990 The Act is often labelled as the Anti-hacking legislationIt was created to respond to the threat of hacking into computer systems and dataAn act of Parliament that created new legal rules that if not adhered business could commit three offences: 1. Accessing information stored on a computer without permission, consent or the right to do so, i.e looking at someone else's files such as, credit history, bank...
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...Introduction: I will analyze the legal, ethical and operation issues in relation to the use of business information, and by including appropriate examples. Legal, ethical and operational issues all contribute to the overall success or failure of Tesco. The legislations set in place by the government is the law and must be followed otherwise Tesco could fall under many legal problems resulting in the closure of the organization. The many various acts are there to not only prevent Tesco from performing illegal acts but also to protect them as well, as this ensures that they are not falsely accused and protects Tesco from any other individuals or organizations who have violated any legal areas against Tesco. The ethical issues allow Tesco to remain morally and legally successful if they behave appropriately. If Tesco follow the codes of practice correctly then they won’t have any problems arising with the ASA and the OFT. If the ASA or the OFT get involved for inappropriate conduct of the codes of practice Tesco could receive heavy fines, this could disrupt Tesco’s profit margin as these fines would be an added expense. The operational issues are yet another issue which contributes to Tesco’s overall success, as these are what relate to how Tesco operates their procedures and policies within the organization. If all 3 of these areas fail to function according to legislation and government bodies Tesco cannot, and will not be successful. One main example of Tesco...
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...Admin Prelim – Outcome 1 and 2 Leadership Benefits: • All team members will feel more motivated and gain more job satisfaction • Good relationship within the team making it more productive • Good use of delegation making employees more motivated • Improved communication leading to better decision making Skills: • Good communication skills, could be written or verbal • Able to build trust and relationships within the team • Able to listen to ideas so that all the team are included • Able to influence others towards the achievement of goals Time Stealers • Making unnecessary journeys – group jobs so that visits to the photocopier etc are cut down. • Interruptions by telephone – learn how to control the conversations. • Unexpected visits by colleagues – be polite but firm especially if the person is just looking for a chat. • Taking on too much work – learn to say NO – be assertive. Physical environment and morale Ergonomics - Furniture wall colours, work stations lighting, protective equipment, ventilation • If the area/equipment is unsafe or insecure this can affect staff morale. • Office Layout – cellular/open plan relating to space/privacy/work flow • Lack of storage space and subsequent untidiness/health hazards • Sick Building Syndrome Decision taken to minimise sick building syndrome: • Introduce better lighting, introduce better air conditioning...
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...Hardware and software ICT system in the head office Hardware -‘There is at least one networked laser printer in each department’ ‘There is also an A3 colour laser printer attached to the marketing manager’s workstation as a local printer’ Software -‘All the standard office software is stored on the server, as is the photo editing software’ ICT system in the warehouse and distribution centre Hardware -‘The warehouse manager, the operation director and the distribution manger each has a workstation on their desk and a net worked laser printer’ Software- ‘The warehouse stock database is stored on the server, along with specialist stock management software and scheduling software used by the distribution manager.’ ‘Standard office software is also stored on the server.’ ICT system in the supermarket Hardware- ‘Each checkout has an EFTPOS terminal with a touch screen, barcode reader, customer display screen, and chip and pin card reader.’ ‘The store manager has a net workstation and a networked and laser printer.’ Software- ‘A router provides broadband access to the internet, including a secure link to the banking system for electronic funds transfer.’ ‘The supermarket’s stock database is stored on the server, along with word processing and spreadsheet software. Input, processing and output Checkout procedures Input- ‘The checkout operator scans the barcode of each item’ Processing- ‘The product code is used to look up the description...
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...Data Protection Act, Copyright Acts, the Computer Misuse Act, and Freedom of Information Act. Because technology advanced so quickly, laws had to be put into place to protect users from online threats such as hackers or scammers. The Data Protection Act protects user’s personal information such as their phone numbers, address, IP address, name, and bank details. This is extremely important because if personal information was to get into the wrong hands, the user could be victims of fraud. In today’s world we can see this with recent outbreaks of personal data with large companies such as Home Depot. If the users are caught they will most likely be subject to penalty due to this act. If you have ever tried to download a program through a torrent site you’re most likely breaking the Copyright Design and Patents Act. This act is used to protect the creative work of individuals. This includes music, art work, photographs, software, etc. Some individuals would debate the fairness of this act due to their beliefs that these resources should be freely used, which is why we have websites such as “thepiratebay.org” which is one of the largest torrent sites which distributes copyrighted materials. Sites like “thepiratebay.org” can’t monitor all of the content people are uploading. In some cases users might upload a file infected with a computer virus, which can fully compromise the security of your computer. The Computer Misuse Act was put into effect for this exact reason. ...
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...Coriena Tuitt Report on legal and ethical issues Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………..1 Ethical issues……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Legal issues………………………………………………………………………………………….3 Legal, Ethical and operational issues……………………………………………………………..7 * Introduction This report will explain the legal and ethical issues that relate to the use of business information. l personally think that legal and ethical issues are usually to do with something that involves people having to abide to a law, in most cases there will be a consequence for not abiding with the law. Tesco may collect and process information about you, including: * Information that you give to them. You may give them information about you by filling in forms on the Tesco website or by corresponding with them by phone, e-mail and more. The information you give Tesco may include your name, address, e-mail address, phone number, personal description and photograph. * Information they collect about you. With regard to each of your visits to the Tesco website they may automatically collect technical information and information about your visit. * Information they receive from other sources. Tesco may receive information about customers if they use any of the other websites they operate or the other services they provide. Tesco, as well as other business, also work closely with third parties, which mean they may receive information about you from them. * Ethical issues ...
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...explain the legal, ethical and operational issues that affect St Charles use of information. I will be explaining what each of the three Acts are and how they are used in the College. As well as, briefly clarifying the ethical issues that affect St Charles’ use of email, internet, whistle blowing, organisational policies and information ownership. I will also identify and explain the operational issues in relation to using ICT in the St Charles and the organisation deals with them. I will then finish off by analysing the legal, ethical and operational issues in relation to the use of ICT in St Charles. The following information that will be analysed are: * Data Protection Act 1998 * Freedom of Information Act 2000 * Computer Misuse Act 1990 Data Prta Protection Act 1998. This means that data held about pupils must only be used for specific reasons that are allowed by the Act. In addition to this, data must not be transferred to other countries without adequate protection. otection Act 1998: The Data Protection Act control how your personal information is used by organisations, businesses or the government. People who are responsible for using data must oblige to the rules called ‘data protection principles’. Making sure the information is used fairly and abiding to the law, used relevantly and not excessively. It is used by St Charles Sixth Form College in the application form, as they must collect information about the students for administrative, health and...
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...Own Effectiveness And Professionalism | OCR Assignment | Phil Ayres4/4/2014 | Contents 1.0 Performance and Personal Goals 2 1.1 Obtain and review feedback from others on performance 2 1.2 Agree personal goals and participate in development activities to meet them 2 2.0 Teamwork Evidence 2 2.1 Effectively manage own time 2 2.2 Recognise and respect diversity, individual differences and perspectives 3 2.3 Accept and provide feedback in a constructive and considerate manner 4 2.4 Understand the responsibilities of colleagues 5 2.5 Identify obstacles to effective teamwork 6 3.0 Report 6 3.1 Identify the implications and applicability for the IT professionals of: 6 3.1.1 Data Protection 6 3.1.2 Computer misuse Act 9 3.2 List the professional bodies for IT 10 4.0 Legislation (Identify the impact on an IT organisation of legislation) 11 4.2 Processing of financial transactions 11 4.3 Health & Safety 11 4.4 Privacy, Confidentiality and Security 13 4.5 Copyright and Intellectual Property Rights 14 5.0 Organisation 15 5.1 list the aims and objectives of the organisation 15 5.2 State the organisation brand or image 15 5.3 Identify the organisation’s structure roles and responsibilities 17 5.4 identify potential improvements to working practices 19 Appendix A1 – Copy of Appraisal 21 1.0 Performance and Personal Goals 2.1 Obtain and review feedback from others on performance See appendix A1 for copy of my appraisal ...
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...issues • Data Protection Act 1998 • Freedom of Information Act 2000 • The Computer Misuse Act 1990 Data Protection Act 1998 The Data Protection Act 1998 regulates the processing of information relating to individuals, including the obtaining, holding, use or disclosure of such information. The Act gives individuals rights of access in relation to personal data which is about them, which means that participants’ can ask for copies of personal data collected by a researcher. It requires that anyone who processes personal data must comply with eight principles, which make sure that personal data are: • fairly and lawfully processed; • processed for limited purposes; • adequate, relevant and not excessive; • accurate and up to date; • not kept for longer than is necessary; • processed in line with your rights; • secure • not transferred to other countries without adequate protection. Freedom of Information Act 2000 The Freedom of Information Act 2000 came into force on January 1st 2005. It provides a general right of access to information held by public authorities, and is intended to increase openness and transparency. Anybody, anywhere in the world can make a request under the Freedom of Information Act. The Computer Misuse Act 1990 The Computer Misuse Act (1990) was introduced to help deal with the problems caused by the misuse of computers and communication systems, especially that of ‘hacking' and ‘unauthorised access...
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...P1 EXPLAIN THE PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES VALUED BY EMPLOYERS In this report I will be explaining personal attributes that are valued by employers. An example of personal attributes is, self-motivation. I will also discuss three acts; Data Protection Act, Computer Misuse Act and Copyright Act. Self-motivation is ability to do what needs to be done, without influence from other people or situations. People with self-motivation can find a reason and strength to complete a task, even when challenging, without giving up or needing another to encourage them. Self-motivation is really valued by employers because so you do your work and not hand in work in late. Leadership is the individuals who are the leaders in an organization. Employers value this because they want you to be creative and be in charge of the task whilst guiding the other people. Leadership involves establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they will follow clearly, providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision. Communication skills is the ability to send information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers with good verbal, non-verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within a company for its commercial benefit. Organisational skills is the ability to use your time, energy, resources, etc. in an effective way so that you achieve the things you want to achieve. Organisational skills is valued...
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