...was estimated that six of every ten Americans live in an area that fails to meet one or more federal air quality standards What therefore should the citizens of this country do to prevent such catastrophes? This paper aims to expose the different types of air pollutants, where they come from, their specific effects on the environment, and what we as human beings should do t Air Pollutants First, one must take a look at the different pollutants and air toxins. Ozone is a gas that can be both beneficial and very harmful. High in the upper atmosphere it may shield the earth from the harmful ultraviolet radiation waves from the sun. Howeve Carbon monoxide is an odorless and colorless gas that comes from the exhaust of motor vehicles after fossil fuels, mainly oil and gas, are burned or combusted incompletely (Buchdahl "Health Effects" 2). Cars, buses, and some industrial plants tend to gi The next major pollutants are hydrocarbons. These tend to be released by many man-made sources mainly fossil fuel combustion (Brownstein 1). Some hydrocarbons can directly create health hazards. Benzene, a colorless clear liquid is highly volatile, or The last two pollutants are of particular interest because they are responsible for the formation of smog and acid rain. The first one, is sulfur dioxide, which is created from the burning of fossil fuels. This pollutant may come naturally into the env The last major air pollutants in our environment are nitrogen oxides. Once again...
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...Biology Lab: How Does Acid Precipitation Affect Trees? Please note that the questions below are found electronically in the lab. You are required to provide your answers on this word document instead of answering them in the virtual lab since the electronic submission of your answers from the lab will not reach your instructor. As you work through the lab, it will ask you to answer certain questions. Answer the questions that are required and submit this word document to your instructor. 1. What are probable sources of acid precipitation in your community? What impact can this have on the environment in your region? In my community we have a paper mill that produces a lot of chemicals and delivers pollutants in the air, I live at least 9 miles from this particular mill and I can smell the chemical pollutants it releases from my house. The impact that it has is that it is possibly killing trees and animals in the area, as well as the plants and crops that the farmers grow. 2. What factors apart from acid rain could be killing trees? Oil spills, areas experiencing droughts, trash and litter, and human beings. 3. Limestone, an underlying material for many soils, dissolves and corrodes when exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen ions. How is this information important in understanding the effects of acid precipitation? Because when the limestone corrodes it produces hydrogen ions; therefore, when it rains, fogs, or snows it...
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...uninhabitable in the future, most over look the fact that they are also cause real damage to our bodies at this moment. Such pollutants cause damage to our respiratory system, leading to the fluctuation of the life span of an individual depending on a number of conditions. Amongst these conditions are the individuals specific geographic location, age, and life style. This paper is structured as a series of relevant questions and answers to report on the description of these pollutants there affects on our bodies. What are the pollutants? And how do they affect our bodies? In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, you must under stand exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system are known as particulates. Particulates are the small solid particles that you can see through a ray of sunlight. They are products of incomplete combustion in engines (example: automobile engines), road dust, and wood smoke. Billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every year. When these fuels burn they produce smoke and other by-products into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash away the smoke given off by power plants and automobiles, much still remains. Particulate matter (soot, ash, and other solids), usually consist of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, various nitrogen oxides, ozone, and lead. These compounds undergo a series of chemical reactions in the presence of sunlight, the result is smog...
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...countries including Mexico that consist of the 60% and 70% of the world’s species and 10% of them are in Mexico. Every year Mexico loses 500 thousand hectares of its woods and forests that ranks them in 5th place of deforestation in the world. This is a really big problem because many plants and animals have gone extinct due to deforestation. Population growth and urbanization is what’s causing this problem. Last but not least air pollution might be one of the worst problems Mexico faces. Polluted air has long term effects on the human body and also caused thousands of deaths per year. Since 1980’s Mexico’s government started taking measures towards the problem and setting air regulations, but even then the air quality is not great. In my paper I’ll be going deeply...
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...the severe diseases which are caused by air pollution. Respiratory and cardiovascular diseases are representative diseases. In East Asia, For example, 130,000 premature deaths and 50-70 million incidents of respiratory illness occur each year. Moreover, according to research, the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death are associated with the long-term exposure to air pollution. For these reasons, it is clear that air pollution has a harmful effect on human’s health. Another reason is that air pollution has resulted in serious complications in the natural environment. For instance, global warming, which is caused by greenhouse gas in turn caused by air pollutants, increase the average temperature of Earth’ atmosphere and oceans. Acid rain is caused by air pollution, it makes manmade structures, rock formations, forests and other natural landmarks quickly deteriorate. It also causes fish kills and other detrimental effects to aquatic environments. Therefore, air pollution brings significant problems to the natural environment. Finally, governments should spend more money on solving the problem of air pollution. Governments need to strengthen their standards in order to reduce air pollutants and to improve the pollution-monitoring network. The most important action is to invest in the use of renewable...
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...Acid Rain --------- Acid Rain is caused by pollution containing sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and ozone ( SOý, NOx, and Oý ) is released into the air. These chemicals are absorbed into clouds and results in Acid Presipitation ( Acid Rain, Acid Snow, Acid Hail, Acid Sleet ). When the chemicals aren't absorbed into clouds, they can drift for miles and fall to the ground, resulting in Acid Deposition, or dry deposition. When Acid Rain falls into water it is mixed in with the normal water and causes the pH of the entire body to be raised. Measurments on the pH ( potential Hydrogen ) scale, rise exponentialy, thus, a lake with a pH of 4 is ten times as acidic as a lake with a pH of 5, and a lake with a pH of 3 is 100 times as acidic, After many rain falls of Acid rain, the pH of a normal lake ( 5.8 ) to 4. Acid Rain has been known to reach the acidicy of pH 2, ( battery acid has a pH if 1 ) this is a drastic change, as normal rain is average pH 5.2. Acid Rain can dissolve limestone and chalk, and corrodes outdoor structures. Statues and monuments that are left unprotected can fall victim to the unpredjudiced destruction of acid rain. Acid Rain reacts to different types of soil and rocks in two ways. 1) Acid rain will dissolve alkaline rocks and soil, or will neutralize the alkalinity. 2) Acid rain will increase the acidicy of already acidic rocks and soil, such as granite...
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...Air pollution is a major health risk concern globally. As industries and large developments continues, urban areas are subject to an increase of potential hazardous air pollution (BMC Public Health, Aug 2006) Reports has showed that carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide are just some of the reasons for hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as well as ongoing health concerns. (BMC Public Health, Aug 2006) Respiratory symptoms in young children has become a major concern. Indoor pollution India has become a major concern for air pollution because they are exposed to some of the highest pollution levels in the world. Because of their cooking, using fuel, adult women and young children are the highest to be exposed to pollution causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (CORP) and lung cancer. Improvements are being looked at for stoves with chimneys and other factors that may lower the risk of exposures. (Smith, Jun 2000)Epidemiological investigations has been used for at last 15 years in India to indicate pollutant. Outdoor pollution China, suffers from the most in outdoor pollution. Coal is a significant source of energy and constitutes for about 75% of all energy sources. (Kan, Chen, Hong, May 2009)Unfortunately, China primary consist of coal smoke, involving particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as the predominantly air pollutants.(Kan, Chen, Hong, May 2009)Studies associated in China's...
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...environment that required international solutions. The Black Triangle, located at the borders of the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland received its name from its extreme air pollution caused by rapid industrialization after the Second World War. Many air pollutants (sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide) are more strictly controlled in the past two decades and its impact has been reduced. In addition to causing or aggravating respiratory diseases, air pollution in the Black Triangle, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, produced acid rain, wet deposition that have been made more acidic than normal rain. Acid rain is harmful to forests to aquatic ecosystems. Acid rain that penetrates the ground can dissolve nutrients such as calcium and magnesium can cause aluminum in the soil is loose. The forests on higher ground at greater risk because they are exposed to acidic clouds and fog, which contain more acidic than rain or snow and shed their nutrients to the leaves and buds. Hungary established the Regional Environmental Center for Central and Eastern Europe to address environmental issues in post-Soviet Central Europe. Communism had no concern for any environmental issues. Their main goal was high production in spite of any damage it may cause. Environmental problems received no attention in the countries of Eastern Europe, where political and economic regimes did not give priority to the environment until the end of 1980. It is evident...
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...IB SL Geography – Urban Environments Case Study: Air Pollution in Beijing 1. What evidence is there that Chinese cities in general suffer from air pollution? Due to Chinas recent exponential economic growth, pollution has been put to one side and has not been a priority in most cases. Air pollution, a negative externality of economic growth, in China’s northern cities exceed the standards of the World Health Organisation by 5 or 6 times. Respiratory disease, often a result of soot-clogged lungs, is the leading cause of death in China, accounting for 26 per cent of all deaths. Compared to the United States this mortality rate is 5 ½ times worse. A study showed that particles in the Chinese air cause 915,000 premature deaths each year, including those of 300,000 children who die from lung infections. Another 600,000 adults die early of some sort of respiratory blockage and 15,000 fall victim to lung cancer caused by bad, polluted air. 2. Identify the main source of air pollution in Beijing. The main source of air pollution in Beijing, and in most Chinese cities, is the burning of coal. Coal is the main fossil fuel used for heating, cooking and for industry. China has large reserves of coal, however most of it is of very poor quality, and containing large amounts of sulphur. Over 60% of Beijing's total energy consumption is coal, representing just over 30 million tonnes per annum. Of this total use of coal, 70% of it is consumed by the manufacturing industry...
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...Environmental Pollution Shakale Phipps SCI/256 June 9, 2014 Ricardo Altschul Environmental Pollution In such a chaotic world, there are many contributors to the environment’s pollution. The number one transportation source; the automobile is the leading cause in the air pollution. Fortunately, advanced fuel technologies can drastically change the reduction in air pollution. Today’s road runners create over one third of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides within the atmosphere and twenty percent of the global warming pollution. Air pollution like such can cause major problems for the environment as well as for human health. With the creation of hybrid and electrical cars, the reduction of air pollution can be cut in half within the next twenty years by the decline of use in U.S. oil. People these days do not realize the significant role the automobile plays in our lives. With a car you can travel to work, school, business meetings, or even across country for that matter. In many urban, Southern California cities, air pollution has been a major issue since historical times. Yes, there were grievances about smoke in ancient Rome. The use of coal throughout the centuries caused neighboring cities to become very smoky places. Combined with the smoke, mass applications of sulfur dioxide were produced. With the mixture of sulfur dioxide and smoke, it created the “foggy” streets of ancient, London’s backdrop. Think of Sherlock Holmes. Similar situations occurred in...
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...sulfuric acid) (Sulfuric dioxide is also produce in large quantities in volcanic eruption) • CONTROL implementing national fuel quality standards; • supporting the implementation of tighter vehicle emission standards; and • Promoting alternative fuels. Effects of sulfuric dioxide - These gases irritates the eyes and Couse breathings difficulties by irritating the lungs - [pic] cause inflammation and the phlegm - High level ofCO2, NO and NO2 also leads to inflammation of the lungs called bronchitis Acid Rain It is form when acid air pollutant such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide dissolve in rainwater (Nitrogen and sulfur dioxide are acidic . then it dissolve to the rainwater and the water become acidic Effect of acid rain - Acid rain reacts with metals with carbonates with marbles and lime stone. - When this happen metal bridge and stone buildings are damage. - CONTOL Additionally, individuals and society as a whole can participate in various efforts to help reduce acid deposition: - Understand acid deposition’s causes and effects - Clean up smokestacks and exhaust pipes - Use alternative energy sources - Restore a damaged environment - Look to the future - Take action as individuals - (Stone are actually carbonates so , carbonates + acid and metal + acid = damage) - Other effects is acid rain produce...
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...harmful to animals and their habits. Air pollution causes asthma, skin cancer and acid rain Firstly, air pollution contributes to asthma. A lot of people suffered from this disease. Asthma is chronic inflammatory disease. Some air pollutants lead to asthma where chemicals in our bodies make the muscles constrict and effects the skin pores for airways. It makes the airways very small and can cause coughing, wheezing and general breathing problems. Asthma is one of the major diseases in the world. Secondly, skin cancer occurs due to the ultra violet radiation from the sun. The pollutant air is known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) do major damaged to our environment. The CFC combines with the earth’s upper atmosphere of ozone layer. The ozone layer protects the earth from the ultra violet radiation of the sun. The CFC’s gas molecules transfer and destroy the ozone layer and cause the skin cancer. So, skin cancer is another disease contributed to air pollution. Thirdly, air pollution also causes acid rain on the environment. Factories, power plants and automobiles release contaminating particles into the atmosphere which is fall to the earth in the form of rain that called acid rain. Acid rain can destroy plants. Flowers and trees. The rain polluted air flows into lakes from which animal drink. Animals and marine life can be destroyed by the acid rain. Buildings are also affected by the acid rain. Acid rain can be harmful and creates...
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...Acid rain is defined according to the Dictionary as any form of precipitation whether it is snow, rain or sleet that has a high concentration of acid forming contaminates that come from coal smoke and chemical manufacturing that release sulfuric and nitric oxides. These such contaminates are released into the earth’s atmosphere and combine with water vapor. Acid rain is very harmful to the earth’s environment. In 1963 acid rain was discovered in the White Mountains of New Hampshire at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. At this experimental site they found that the PH level was 3.7 from the rain water collected, that means that it was 80 times more of an acidic level than what would be found in normal water. Some of causes of acid rain are both man made and some that are natural in nature. The causes of acid rain that are manmade are caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal. These fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity that powers our homes. When these fossil fuels are the winds pick up the sulfuric and nitric oxide contaminates over large areas of land and fall back to the surface as acid rain. The way that acid rain is found naturally is through the eruption of volcanoes, fires and vegetation that is rotting through decomposition which produce sulfur dioxide and lighting that produces nitrogen dioxide. The effect that acid rain has on the forest life can be absolutely devastating by making trees and other plant life more likely to...
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... In addition, flights are so flexible and convenient that they can be booked and rejected at any time. For instance, if anyone has intention to travel from Singapore to New York lots of airline companies offer their services with regard to client’s demand. Likewise, there are several commercial benefits as well. Exotic products and fresh fruits that are common in today’s markets are brought by airplane and consumers have gained the opportunity of buying them reasonably in good condition. Despite the above-mentioned advantages, flights raise some drawbacks that encourage to be reconsidered. First of all, airplanes burn much more fuel than other transports and produce harmful gases that result in environmental pollution. For example, acid rain which contributes to the worldwide concern is explained by production of the fuel burnt. Another serious disadvantage of flying by plane is emergency that can happen during the flight. In case of danger, passengers have very little chance to survive. Needless to say, most of the air-crashes finish with tragic consequences. On balance, it would seem that sharp steps like increasing taxes can only...
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...From this paper we get a idea about use of fly ash in the adsorbent use and for that some basic characteristics like unburnt carbon substances, alumina & silica content are the basic responsible. At the end of experiment conclusion is percentage of color removed increase with quantity of absorbent and contact time increase while percentage of color removal is decrease with increase in concentration and PH values and temperature of dye. From this paper we come to know about the use of fly ash in absorbsion for phosphate removal. To use for phosphate removal fly ash have high concentration of calcium and we come to know about the discharge limits for phosphate content till 0.5-1 mg/L. The advantage for using fly ash as absorbent instead of lime is that it does not produce any excess chemical...
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