...Hormones control most of our bodily functions, and subsequently influence neural structures. It is the involvement of both of these that affiliative behaviors (social bonds) form. An affiliative behavior is any behavior that is enacted with the intent to build, upkeep or improve close individual relationships. However, when thinking about an affailiatve behavior, contrasted with an addictive disorder one would expect that the hormonal responses and neural structures would be completely different. The research shows that they are not. Hormones heavily influence both affiliative behaviors and addictive disorders and researchers are able to understand the neurobiological reasoning for each of these behaviors by conducting functional MRI testing...
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...The first chapter of Psychology of Addictive Behaviour, gives a brief introduction into the topic of addiction. It discusses what addictive behaviour is and how it is diagnosed. Further it explains the implication of seeing addiction as a disease and covers some of the pathway models used to stop addictive behaviours. The chapter discusses that addiction is not a term used by the DMS-IV. Instead they use the term Substance Dependence. The main symptoms that are used to identify Substance Dependence are tolerance, withdrawal, an increase in the use, as time goes on, not being able to lesson use even if motivated to do so, being focused on drug related activities, as well as discontinuing other activities in favor of using, and not stopping use even though it causes harm. However tolerance and withdrawal are not necessarily needed for a diagnosis of dependence. This allows for other addictive behaviours such as gambling to be considered a dependent disorders. Therefore the fact that a dependent diagnosis can be given even though the person does not experience withdrawal or tolerance is important, especially when considering that while some addiction is physical, other addictions can be purely psychological and therefore the person might not experience any tolerance or withdrawal (Moss & Dyer, 2010)....
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...Application: Career Counseling for Clients with Addictive Behaviors Brandy Williams Walden University Career Development I will be talking with a client who is having issues with his career and drugs issues. Using the 4 principles from Motivational Interviewing (Rollnick & Bell, 1992) which is empathy, discussion of discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and support of efficacy, the interview aims at getting the client into the career-changing action they are contemplating. The client John is a 29 year old white male who seeks career counseling. He is employed full-time as a tester for a computer company and works part-time as a DJ for weddings and other social events at night and on the weekends (Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M.D. 2012 pg. 525). When John completed high school he went to a community college which was local and he took general courses in math, English, and computer technology to complete requirements for an associate’s or bachelor’s degree (Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M.D. 2012 pg. 525). He became disinterested in classes and dropped out to work full-time. He has been steadily employed in several different dot-com and web-based companies over the past several years, moved from one company to the next when each company went out of business (Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M.D. 2012 pg. 525). John has been satisfied with his standard of living his career has provided for him but his nature of work at his current company stifling (Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M.D....
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...through social media, one can also readily share ideas and easily communicate with people around the globe. With the convenience and accessibility it brings, social media may seem like a great invention, but the awful truth is that excessive use of social media can be addictive. This essay will discuss how people’s dependence of social media would cause problems like addictive behavior that are similar to drugs and alcohol addiction, antisocial behavior, and lastly, the mental state of the user. Inordinate use of social media can cause severe ramifications. However, when used with restraint, social media could be a convenient way for people to communicate easily with one another anywhere and everywhere. For example, according to CASAColumbia (2014), more than seventeen million teenagers log into social media sites each day to update their statuses or upload a photo. On average, out of this seventeen million, 56% of them spend 44.5 hours on social media sites each week (Online, n.d.). Besides the large amount of time invested on using these sites, could otherwise be spent on doing other things such as outdoor exercises, social media also leads to other adverse consequences, such as its contribution to addictive behavior. A survey done by CASAColumbia found that teenagers who use social...
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...manager who wants to encourage efficiency and the highest standards of service? A stage of Change Model as proposed by Prochaska and Colleagues for addictive behaviors consists of six dynamic stages. The six stages are: Precontemplation, Contemplation, preparation, action maintenance, and termination. Precontemplation is when an individual is not considering making any changes. Contemplation is the time when an individual is aware there is a problem and is considering taking action to resolve it. Preparation refers to the time when an individual commits to taking action sometime within the next 30 days. Action is the busiest time. There are noticeable efforts to change the targeted behavior. Maintenance is the stage when a person tries to stabilize the behavior change and prevent relapse. Termination is the final stage, this occurs when there is zero temptation to revert back to the old behavior. Healthcare administrators can utilize the Prochaska Stages of Change model to assists themselves in developing procedures to support patients or subordinates who will benefit from behavior modification. It helps one to recognize that the customary counseling and patient is not always effective with all individuals’. Being familiar with the stages through in which individuals pass during the course of successfully altering a behavior permits us to be able to fashion interventions to the individual. Our understanding of this concept permits one to enrich those stages by utilizing specific...
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...THE IMPACT OF INTERNET USE ON CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS By Miss Kaleyvani Geeseeny Sawmy Clinical Psychologist Children’s motives Few studies have been conducted – that can explain people’s motives for using internet. Research suggest that children use media for entertainment and relaxation purposes (to relieve boredom, to play games, or for social interaction) however little is known about what really motivate children to use Internet. Adolescents’ motives Use the Internet more for social interaction Social identity, peer interactions, and relationships become increasingly important - thus, it is likely that they become more interested in the Internet for communication purposes, such as e-mail or chat As they mature, they begin to use the Internet more for Gender Differences Boys Girls Entertainment More interested in playing video and computer games The Internet provides many opportunities to play online games To seek information, for example, for their homework ( as girls are more compliant so they will listen to parents and teachers) Social interaction ( since girls used to chat and keep in touch with friends) NEGATIVE BEHAVIOURS Exposure to Violence Addiction Social Relations Pornography Eating disorders Exposure to Violence With the growing use of the internet by children, there is an increase in online games. These games are very violent and expose children to explicit content and violent...
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...The European Journal of Counselling Psychology ejcop.psychopen.eu | 2195-7614 Social Learning Conceptualization for Substance Abuse: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions a Theodoros Giovazolias* , Olga Themeli a [a] Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece. Abstract Substance misuse and abuse among adolescents and young adults, especially students, remain a significant public health issue, often associated with serious academic, psychological and health problems. Theoretical models of social behaviour emphasize the importance of peer behaviour as a modelling or normative influence. The processes by which social influence factors contribute to substance misuse behaviour have been described in models derived from the social learning paradigm, including both socio-environmental (e.g. social modelling, perceived norms) and coping skills and cognitive variables (e.g. self-efficacy, outcome expectancies). However, this growing body of the literature often reveals contradictory findings regarding the precise mechanisms of processes by which social and cognitive variables may influence substance misuse in youth populations. This review critically examines the literature on different forms of peer influence and accordingly provides suggestions for intervention strategies that take into consideration the relevant research findings on social learning constructs. Keywords: social learning, norms, self-efficacy, youth, substance abuse, counselling interventions...
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... ABSTRACT Explanations of human behavior have generally favored unidirectional casual models emphasizing either environmental or internal determinants of behavior. The major controversies between unidirectional and reciprocal models of human behavior center on the issue of self-influences. A self system within the framework of social learning theory. I will be explaining why reciprocal models and self-regulation is a big factor in treating substance abuse. COGNITIVE MODELS In social cognitive theory human behavior is extensively motivated and regulated by the ongoing exercise of self-influence. The major self-regulative mechanism operates through three principal sub functions. These include self-monitoring of one's behavior, its determinants, and its effects; judgment of a person’s behavior in relation to their personal standards and environmental circumstances; and affective self-reaction. Self-regulation also encompasses the self-efficacy mechanism, which plays a central...
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...Behavioral and Social/Cognitive Approaches to Forming Habits Paper Jeston Walker PSY/250 December 8, 2014 Ronald Goodnight Introduction In this paper I will analyze one of your habits, how did I develop this habit, were there role models for this habit, and which people influenced the adoption of this habit. I will explain why do I continue the habit and has there been a time when I have attempted to break this habit. I will use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I have this habit. I will describe components of social/cognitive theory that explain why the habit formed. I will develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. Between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories, I will also describe which one do I find best explains my personality. Analyze one of your habits. How did you develop this habit? Were there role models for this habit? Which people influenced the adoption of this habit? My smoking habit began before I even turned 18. I tried my first cigarette around the age of 16, and I was addicted by the time I turned 18. It was several reasons why I developed the habit of smoking. A lot of my family members that was closed too were smokers. Their friends encourage them to try cigarettes, and to keep smoking. They saw smoking as a way of rebelling and showing independence. They think that everyone else is smoking, and that they should, too. Also I used to see tobacco advertising all the time, which targeted a lot of teenagers around...
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...Marketing Intelligence & Planning Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang Article information: Downloaded by New Mexico State University At 01:40 02 February 2016 (PT) To cite this document: Isaac Cheah Ian Phau Johan Liang , (2015),"Factors influencing consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of e-deals", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 33 Iss 5 pp. 763 - 783 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MIP-05-2014-0081 Downloaded on: 02 February 2016, At: 01:40 (PT) References: this document contains references to 89 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 989 times since 2015* Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Rodney Graeme Duffett, (2015),"Facebook advertising’s influence on intention-to-purchase and purchase amongst Millennials", Internet Research, Vol. 25 Iss 4 pp. 498-526 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ IntR-01-2014-0020 Jacob Weisberg, Dov Te'eni, Limor Arman, (2011),"Past purchase and intention to purchase in ecommerce: The mediation of social presence and trust", Internet Research, Vol. 21 Iss 1 pp. 82-96 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241111104893 Echo Huang, (2012),"Online experiences and virtual goods purchase intention", Internet Research, Vol. 22 Iss 3 pp. 252-274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662241211235644 Access to this document was granted through...
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...There are many definitions of Organizational Behavior (OB). In order to develop a personal operating definition of OB, I read several definitions to help form a framework of what OB means to me. The definitions I read ranged from the very complex to the very simple. Along with many OB definitions, there are also many different types of research. Mole noted four assumptions that are used in all OB research (2002). 1. Behavior is predictable 2. Behavior is caused 3. Behavior has many causes 4. Generalities can be made Personal Operational Definition With the above assumptions, as well as the concept that OB is a combination of different fields of behavioral sciences, I developed the following operational definition of OB. The study of Organizational Behavior is to observe, analyze and learn, what variables influence individual behavior, at both the individual and group levels, and understand how it affects the behavior of the organization. I will use this operating definition in my organization as we plan to make a major software change. The process is underway to replace the maintenance software system with an updated software so that a purchasing package can be procured that will integrate the two. By observing the behavior of the employees, I will be able to better understand the cause of their resistance to change. I will recommend a cross functional team to address all the concerns and determine what features of the old software are important and should be...
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...APOLLO .W. MBOGO ( MOI UNIVERSITY)------- Organizational behavior Organizational behavior refers to the study of people and their behavior in the organization and their work place. Organizational behavior is an aspect that deals with great range of disciplines which includes management sociology, psychology, and communication. Organizational behavior brings about achievement of highest performance and good results due to the application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations and workplaces. Through the study of organizational behavior, managers are able to know the problems affecting the employees in the organization and come up with solutions to solve these problems. As a result it brings they work harmoniously together as a family thereby bringing high achievement If a manager is assigned to manage an organization, it is necessary for him or her to understand how the organization operates. Organization may refer to the combination of science and people. While science and technology can be predicted, human behavior in an organization cannot be predicted. This is because human behaviors arise from needs and value systems of people. Organizations refer to people this means that without people organizations would not exist. This means that if managers want to understand the organizations in which they work, they must first understand the people who are the constituents of the organizations. People are the most valuable assets of the...
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...Architecture and the Environment Paper  • Prepare a 1,150- to 1,400-word paper in which you explore human response to physical structure. As a part of your paper be sure to address the following:  o Describe how physical structure affects human behavior. o Analyze architecture as a means of controlling human behavior. o Describe the environmental psychological implications of commercial and residential design, including purpose and considerations. o Analyze the importance of architectural development supporting sustainable development. Architecture and the Environment Paper The Environment and its inhabitants cannot be explained separately both shape each other and is shaped by the environment. There are different kinds of environments that need different kinds of behavioral workings that are sensory input, internal representations that change the structure of the earth for who people live there. “To understand the interactions of the physical world and behavior, then, we must consider the two in an intertwined fashion†(Todd & Wilson, 1993). Effect of Physical Structure on Human Behavior Architectural design always played a significant aspect in one’s comfort and health. It is a different form of art surrounding one every day. Unfortunately, for years, it has not been considered this way and its benefits have not been recognized. However with the increasing research and interest in...
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...Running Head: EMPATHY AND SOCIAL LEARNING Developing Empathy: Nurturing Through Social Learning Abstract This paper explores the Social Learning Theory and how prosocial behavior, specifically empathy, is cultured through observation, modeling and imitation. Empathy is defined through a review of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, Jeremy Sloan’s article on developing empathy and the impact it has on animals in our world, and an assessment of empathy in future criminal justice professionals. All provide evidence and data to support the finding that adults have lasting influence on children and how ones behavior is formed. Empathy is a vital trait and it’s a primary requisite for successfully managing daily experiences. Key words: Empathy, Modeling, Social Learning, and Development Introduction The development of empathy allows us the innate ability to relate to another’s experiences, motives and feelings. It is the foundation of compassion and caring, and is monumental in many of life’s challenges and successes. It is what allows us to learn from others and become responsible, caring adults. Many significant professions require empathy: medical care, fire rescue, education, criminal justice, and most importantly parenting. Tragic events such as slavery and the Holocaust illuminate the significance of empathy, it’s part in humankind’s wellbeing, and how requisite it is to encourage healthy development of the trait (Sajo, 2011). It is therefore of utmost...
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...Behaviorism, Humanistic and Psychoanalysis. The Humanistic approach began as a movement in the 1950's meant to take a healthy, or holistic, method to understanding the nature of what it is to be human. This perspective addresses values important to humans: love, compassion, creativity, etc. It is considered the third force of Psychology, the first being Behaviorism and the second being Psychoanalysis. The founders of the Humanistic theory were Abraham Maslov and Carl Rogers. They concerned themselves with the psychological well-being of a person, it focused on being able to realize your full potential or 'self-actualization'. This concept had a huge impact on psychology as we know it today because it concerned itself with areas of human behavior that other theories ignored. "The humanistic perspective values the integrity of each individual" (Editorial Board, 2011). It is believed that you could lose yourself because you become preoccupied with the notion of gaining acceptance from others. When you, as a person, are so consumed with being accepted, you tend to mold yourself and become something and someone that you are not. "The Humanistic perspective saw humans as being intentional, that they seek to have a sense of purpose and value" (Career Education Corporation, 2010). One of the therapeutic methods...
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