...methods of gauging prescription adherence and ways to increase adherence were sought to assist in answering the question of what can be done to increase prescription adherence for overall improved patient health and preventive care. Reasons for a decrease in prescription adherence, beyond health literacy, were used as supporting evidence to lay ground work for future research efforts. This research seeks to prove that low health literacy is a leading cause of prescription nonadherence in the Medicare population and that more effort is needed from physicians and health insurance providers to eliminate this...
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...Behavioral Economics Matters for HIV Research: The Impact of Behavioral Biases on Adherence to Antiretrovirals (ARVs) Abstract Behavioral economics (BE) has been used to study a number of health behaviors such as smoking and drug use, but there is little knowledge of how these insights relate to HIV prevention and care. We present novel evidence on the prevalence of the common behavioral decision-making errors of present-bias, overoptimism, and information salience among 155 Ugandan HIV patients, and analyze their association with subsequent medication adherence. 36 % of study participants are classified as present-biased, 21 % as overoptimistic, and 34 % as having salient HIV information. Patients displaying present-bias were 13 % points (p = 0.006) less likely to have adherence rates above 90 %, overoptimistic clients were 9 % points (p = 0.04) less likely, and those not having salient HIV information were 17 % points (p\0.001) less likely. These findings indicate that BE may be used to screen for future adherence problems and to better design and target interventions addressing these behavioral biases and the associated suboptimal adherence The Importance of BE Biases for Chronic Health Behaviors We focus on three key behavioral biases that have been found to influence health behaviors for other chronic conditions [9] and that we hypothesize may also be important to components of ARV adherence: Present-Bias A key behavioral bias is present-bias, which is the tendency...
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...Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V 1/12/14 Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The introduction of this article does give a sense of the importance of the problem area. This four-year study investigates the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain. Problem Statement The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. The problem was clearly stated and was a feasible researchable problem. The problem had significance for nursing and for the medical profession and might improve practice and education. While the researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, it could have been helpful for him to list numbers of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease itself. Purpose and Research Questions The research questions were clear by much inquiry...
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...Article Critique - Adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy: Patient health education needs and views on group education This paper evaluates a medical journal article entitled, “Adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy: Patient health education needs and views on group education,” by Waterman et.al. published on the Journal of Patient Preference and Adherence, Volume 7, pages 55-63, 2013. While the title is apparent to the clinicians on the topic that the article is looking at, it may be slightly challenging for the general public to understand the term "ocular hypotensive therapy" in the title as it was not explained anywhere in the article. The term may be phrased in a more understandable manner such as "therapy to reduce eye pressure" or "glaucoma therapy" as this article is from an open access medical journal focusing on patient preference and adherence, the general public who are interested in this topic will have access to it and they intend to understand and get useful information from the article. Therefore, the title should be as clear as possible to stimulate the interest of not only the clinicians but also the general public to encourage them to read. Nonetheless, after reading the article, the title is considered as precise and concise in reflecting the content of the work. As the title of the article suggests, the main issue discussed in the article was that as in other long-term conditions, there is a tendency in patients with glaucoma did not adhere to their prescribed...
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...Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients Table of Contents Problem Identification 3 Literature Review 5 Critical Analysis and Evaluation of Literature 6 Formulation of Intervention Protocol for Clinical Problem 12 Proposed Intervention 12 Outcomes and Associated Evaluation Criteria 13 References 15 Appendix: Table 18 Improving Compliance to Treatment Plan in DM Patients INTRODUCTION The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011) identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major public health disorder in the United States that results in one’s shortage of insulin or...
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...High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Paper Shova Rajbhandari NUR/542 April 23rd, 2012 Tracy Kramer MSN, RNC, FNP High-Risk Family Assessment and Health Promotion Paper For High risk family assessment: Intravenous Drug users (IDUs) family is chosen Common health issues /profile among members or families from this high-risk group: Drug abuse involves the regular taking of a deleterious or noxious quantity of any drug, prescribed or illicit over a period of time (Freidman, 2003). Those people who become severely drug dependent most often need specialized treatment in order to recover. A wide range of treatment is available through private sector and public sector. Recovery treatment centers usually incorporate the family into treatment plan, which makes it more effective in their treatment of the substance abuser. > HIV positive IDU and family members > IDU has a wide range of coinfections, coinfections, comorbidities and injecting related health issues. The common health problems in this IDU family are: • Infection with blood borne viruses, including hepatitis B, C and D (delta) leading to liver diseases • Bacterial infections: tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, • Alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver disease • Poly substance dependence • Psychiatric comorbidity, including depression. • Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) • Local soft tissue and vascular injuries, including skin abscesses and...
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...JAN REVIEW PAPER Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis Jane Noyes1 & Jennie Popay2 Accepted for publication 29 September 2006 Jane Noyes DPhil MSc RN RSCN Professor of Nursing Research, Co-Convenor Cochrane Qualitative Research Methods Group University of Wales, Bangor, UK Jennie Popay MA Professor of Sociology and Public Health, Co-Convenor Cochrane Qualitative Research Methods Group Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK Correspondence to Jane Noyes: e-mail: jane.noyes@bangor.ac.uk 2 1 N O Y E S J . & P O P A Y J . ( 2 0 0 7 ) Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis. Journal of Advanced Nursing 57(3), 227–243 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.04092.x Abstract Title. Directly observed therapy and tuberculosis: how can a systematic review of qualitative research contribute to improving services? A qualitative meta-synthesis Aim. This paper reports the findings from a qualitative meta-synthesis concerning people with, or at risk of, tuberculosis, service providers and policymakers and their experiences and perceptions of tuberculosis and treatment. Background. Directly observed therapy is part of a package of interventions to improve tuberculosis treatment and adherence. A Cochrane systematic review...
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...RESEARCH CRITIQUE Research Critique of Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women Ana H. Corona Western University of Health Sciences CGN 5306: Biostatistics and Epidemiology August 1, 2009 Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The introduction of this article does give a sense of the importance of the problem area. This four-year study investigates the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain. Statement of the Problem The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. The problem was clearly stated and was a feasible researchable problem. The problem had significance for nursing and for the medical profession and might improve practice and education. While the researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, it could have been helpful for him to list numbers of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease...
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...Research Critique of “Adherence to Walking or Stretching, and Risk of Preeclampsia in Sedentary Pregnant Women” Introduction This paper is to critique a study of adherence to walking or stretching during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previously experienced preeclampsia. The purpose of the study was to compare a walking exercise to a stretching exercise program during pregnancy in high-risk women who were sedentary and had previous history of preeclampsia. This five-year study investigated the effects of walking or stretching on the incidence of preeclampsia and reports on adherence to the intervention and on the secondary outcomes of changes in resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure and weight gain (Yeo, 2009). Statement of the Problem The problem was clearly stated and was a sufficient researchable problem. The researcher does a good job of stating why the problem is important, but there was no mention of the number of people who are affected by preeclampsia and complications of the disease itself. Yeo (2009) identifies the following research question for this study as: 1. Will previously sedentary pregnant women adhere to an exercise program for 40 minutes a day 5 times a week in the latter half of pregnancy (Yeo, 2009)? 2. Is there a difference in adherence to a walking program or a stretching exercise program (Yeo, 2009)? 3. How does adherence to walking or stretching change with the advance of pregnancy (Yeo, 2009)...
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...final mark) Minus 5% per day deducted for late submissions Phone: Assignment 6: 100% (30% final mark). No late submissions will be accepted 1) Learning Outcomes Through this assignment, the student should achieve the following outcomes: • • • • Research, structure and write a formal academic article. Formulate an appropriate research question Apply an appropriate methodology to a specific topic Research, acquire and present in digital format a specialised knowledge of an aspect or area of African discourse or aesthetics, whether historical or contemporary. • • • Apply knowledge of history and/or theory to the chosen topic and evaluate contemporary relevance Identify and evaluate a specific case study that illuminates an aspect of African discourse or African aesthetics. Be able to explain, interpret and apply key terminologies, concepts, principles and theories in the development of a logical argument • • Formulate findings and interpretations into a sound, logical argument Support opinions and statements using authoritative sources and the correct Harvard method 2) Scope For the third and final year of History of Graphic Design you will be required to research, compile and complete a research article of between 30 and 35 pages. The topic of the dissertation is African Discourse and aesthetics and/or Corporate Identity and Branding. Students are encouraged to pursue an area that interests them, and emphasis may differ depending on the individual....
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...prevent them from being forthcoming about their symptoms and lifestyle behaviors. In addition, the lack of effective listening that the physician possesses can also limit the patients’ ability to express their needs. Effective communication is imperative to the health outcomes of the patient and this paper will look at how the communication style of the patient’s physician can affect those outcomes. Do Doctors’ Communication Skills Affect Patient Health? Healthcare is always in the news. You cannot turn on your television or pick up a newspaper without seeing something about healthcare. One of the main topics of discussion is the quality of healthcare that patients are receiving from their physicians. However, quality is not solely based on the knowledge of the patient’s physician; it can be also based on the ability of the patient to effectively communicate with their physician. Patients complain that they cannot effectively talk with their physicians because they are either intimidated or they do not feel their physician actually listens to what they say. Thus, do doctors’ communication skills affect the patient’s health outcome? The articles used for this paper reflected the possible answers to this question. ‘Physician Sociality Communication and Its Effect on Patient Satisfaction’ by Chas D. Koermer and Meghan Kilbane discusses how a patients’ physicians communication style affects how the patient feels about the doctor and if they are satisfied with the...
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...A2 Psychology: G543 Options Paper Exam Technique and Tips General Exam Information You will be assessed for this unit in a 1.5 hour examination. You will need to answer four questions; two questions from the topic of Forensic Psychology and two questions from the topic of Health and Clinical Psychology. This means you will have about 20 minutes of writing time per question, plus a little bit of thinking time. This is not a long time to maximise your marks, so there are some simple exam techniques to follow below. Each question will be worth 25 marks and be divided into two parts; part (a) and part (b). Part (a) asks you to demonstrate descriptive skills and is worth 10 marks, whilst part (b) asks you to display evaluative skills and is worth 15 marks. General Exam Technique/Advice * Choose the right questions A mistake made by some students is answering questions on a topic they haven’t studied! So ensure you firstly locate the two sections of the paper that you can answer questions on; Forensic and Health/Clinical. In each of these two sections, there will be a choice of four questions. You will only choose two questions per section, so pick which questions you are going to answer and cross out the others. Choosing which questions to answer may be difficult than it first appears because some questions may sound similar. You need to become familiar with the layout and wording of questions prior to your exam. * Know your timings For each question you...
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...Renal Transplant and Medication Compliance: Patient-Centered Nursing Interventions will Facilitate Better Patient Compliance of Medications in Post-Renal Transplant Recipient Yonica Jamieson Jersey College Abstract Patient in compliance with prescribed medications or treatments is warrant, in any medical condition. This research paper, focused and took a look at the effects of non-compliance with immunosuppressant medications in post-renal transplant recipients, such as graft rejection. Identified some barriers to compliance and discussed how patient-centered nursing interventions should be used to alleviate these barriers and bring about compliance with immunosuppressant medications, at the same time decreasing graft rejection in renal transplant recipients. Renal Transplant and Medication Compliance: Patient-centered Nursing Interventions will Facilitate Better Patient Compliance of Medications in Post-Renal Transplant Recipients In medicine, the term non-compliance is commonly used in regard to a patient who does not take a prescribed medication or follow prescribed course treatments (MedicineNet, 2012). This is one of the major issues with post-renal transplantation recipients. Renal transplant is a surgery done to implant a healthy kidney into a person with end-stage renal disease. End-stage renal disease is when the kidney stops function all together, that makes the person unable to live without dialysis...
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...medication. The longer they refuse, the sicker they get, and begin to act out. The last option is to force medicate the patient, and that is not a pretty picture. Before it escalates to the point of forcing medication, are there any interventions a nurse can employ to lead a patient to compliance? Strategies/interventions nurses used for non-compliant patients were engagement, formulating a therapeutic relationship, and finding out why. (Vuckovich, 2009). Self-determination was a concept discussed by Corrigan et al. (2012). Interventions that promoted self-determination led to patient compliance. This paper will explore those interventions, and how they can achieve compliance to treatment in psychiatric patients. Change Model Overview Rosswurm and Larrabee (1999) proposed a model for change based on theoretical and research literature, related to evidence-based practice, research utilization, standardized language, and change theory. This model for change is a guide used to develop and integrate an evidence-based change. It is a six step systematic process that helps nurses or practitioners facilitate change. The model is very useful in disseminating the...
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...Paper 4: The Annotated Bibliography Assignment: For paper 4, you will write an annotated bibliography. The focus of this paper will be on academic research and the evaluation of sources. Requirements: - 1000-1200 words (200-250 words per source) - Thesis statement - 5-6 sources (3 of which must be non-website sources. Examples of non-web sources: books, documentaries, magazine articles, articles from scholarly journals. It’s okay if you access those print articles online. I just don’t want five eHow articles). Additionally, NO wikipedia sources will be accepted, and be sure that any web sources you use are legitimate, scholarly sources. You will be evaluated on the legitimacy of your sources as well as your evaluation of them). - Proper MLA formatting for all aspects of the paper, including heading, formatting, and citations. Your adherence to MLA formatting will affect your grade (unlike the previous papers for our class). You may choose any topic you would like to research. The idea for this paper is that you will conduct the research for a theoretical research paper. You will not actually write the research paper, but conduct your research and write your thesis statement as if you were going to use your sources to write a research paper. If the idea of choosing any topic is not appealing, here are some ideas (which you will of course need to narrow down): • Media and self-image in consumers • Research related to a book or...
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