...Adolescent development Deborah Christie, consultant clinical psychologist Middlesex Adolescent Unit, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London. Russell Viner Copyright and License information ► This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. In the care of adolescent patients, all aspects of clinical medicine are played out against a background of rapid physical, psychological, and social developmental changes. These changes produce specific disease patterns, unusual presentations of symptoms, and above all, unique communication and management challenges. This can make working with adolescents difficult. However, with the right skills, practising medicine with young people can be rewarding and fruitful. These skills are needed by everyone who works with young people in the course of their work. As a young person enters adolescence, their parents are still largely responsible for all aspects of their health. By the end of adolescence, health issues will be almost entirely the responsibility of the young person. The challenge is to maintain an effective clinical relationship while the health responsibilities transfer from the parents to the young person.person. Figure 1 Specialised clinical communication skills are needed to take an accurate history, bearing in mind new life domains not applicable to children (sex and drugs) and adding communication and engagement of the family to the standard adult consultation. Physical examinations of adolescents...
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...rebellion, and problems. While this can occur, most people emerge from adolescence without any problems and successfully navigate the changes that accompany adolescence. Researchers do seem to agree that there are a lot of changes that take place during adolescence, but it does not always mean that it is an unpleasant time in the lives of humans (Santrock, 2011). As children enter adolescence they will experience neurological, hormonal, and physical changes. It is also important to consider the psychosocial development of adolescents and how it can be influenced by these biological changes as well as the environment that the adolescent is experiencing. Many of the changes that adolescents experience are the result of a combination of factors and the interaction of biology and the environment. Neurological Changes Many times the focus on neurological development is during the early childhood years of development. Such rapid changes take place during early childhood, it is many times the focus of clinicians and academics, but very significant changes also take place during adolescence as well (Rutter, 2007). One of the most interesting neurological changes that are observed in adolescents is that the connections between neurons continue to be refined through pruning (Rutter, 2007). The amount of brain matter tends to increase throughout childhood, but a decline in grey matter is found in adolescence due to pruning of the synaptic connections (Rutter, 2007). Pruning is typically...
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...centers on a marked event and can spotlight an adolescent girl or boy reaching puberty such as the first day of school, marriage, baptism, or a first haircut. . Rite of passage in some societies can be pronounce by milestones and however it can be a long complex preparation. Generally rites of passage can show social values and beliefs that can be very important in various cultures. Puberty is a rite of passage, which number events in life take place and the events lead to adulthood and maturity. Puberty can be an especially, trying time for some an adolescence girl or boy. Girl During Puberty During puberty a girl’s body goes through emotional change such as psychical change, social change, and cognitive development. Puberty is the change in body size, proportions, motor performance, and sexual maturity. Girls tend to age two years earlier than boys. Girls have a growth spurt and their hips begin to grow wider and rounder and weight is gain in the upper arms, back, and thighs. Girls begin at the age of nine to grow at least 17% to 18% of adult height, generally six months prior to getting the first menstrual cycle. Usually during puberty girls need to increase activity or exercise and eat healthy food. Girls go through emotional changes during the menstrual period pubertal events, after the growth spurt. The psychological impact of girls during menstrual period can contribute to physical changes of a girl. Typically a girl will have surges in hormones at the time of puberty...
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...Running Head: ADOLESCENTS IMAGE OF SELF Parental Influence of Adolescent Image of Self Liberty University David W. Appleby, PHD, PHD May 2012 Abstract: Of the many different relationships people form over the course of life, the relationship between parent and child is among the most important. The quality of the parent-child relationship is affected by the parent's age, experience, and self-confidence. It can also be affected by the stability of the parents' marriage; and the unique characteristics of the child compared with those of the parent (Lian and Yusooff, 2009.) The parent-child relationship consists of a combination of behaviors, feelings, and expectations that are unique to a particular parent and a particular child. Wounded children - those who have experienced maltreatment, loss, and disrupted attachments - are often defiant, angry, biologically disorganized, and afraid to trust and love. (Academic Press, 2000) This paper will show how the relationship between a child and a parent affects body image and self-esteem. Important words to know: Self-image, Self-esteem, Body-image, Autonomy, Puberty, and Myelination. Adolescents deal with numerous issues while going through physical and psychological changes. This paper will focus on is an adolescent’s view of self, which includes self-esteem and body-image. Adolescents are no longer looked upon as children, but cannot yet be considered adults (Feldman, 2011.) Self-image is defined by Wikipedia as,” the...
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...a number of phases of development that will continue throughout his or her lifespan. The first step of development begins during infancy in which the development cycle will continue through his or her childhood, adolescence, adulthood along into his or her elderly stage of life. This assignment will discuss the similarities and differences in adolescent development on both males and females. The adolescent stage is when a human reaches the age of 12 to 19 years of age. Males as well as females will go through different stages of life that will stay with each gender throughout his or her lifespan. Is the experience of being an adolescent the same for males and females? Both male Both genders are unique; For example, various personalities along with life experiences. An adolescent can be influenced by a number of factors which include but are not limited to physical development, cognitive development, emotional development and social development. Both genders will go through all four stages of development in his or her own way. When a girl goes through the age of eight to eleven, they tend to be androgynous. A girl in this age group will view themselves as strong and confident as well as not afraid to express her feelings on what she may think about specific issues. Once she cross over into adolescence, she will begin to experience more pressure toward rigid conceptions of her gender role of development. According to the text, once a girl hit adolescence she will...
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...Idealism – Positive characteristics of one’s self, and/or what they desire to be like. Differentiation – Adolescents are more likely than children to note contextual or situational variations in describing themselves. Adolescents are more likely than children to understand that they possess several different selves, each one varying in some degree according to a specific role or context. The Fluctuating self – The self continues to be characterized by instability until late adolescence or even early adulthood Maladjustment – A strong discrepancy between the real and ideal self Possible Self – Alternate to the idea of maladjustment. What the individual might become, what they want to become, and what they are afraid of becoming. Self-Comparison – Comparison of self to peers. Adolescents are more likely than children to use self-comparison in evaluating themselves; however their willingness to admit that they engage in social comparison for this purpose declines during adolescence because they view these acts as socially undesirable. Self-Consciousness – Adolescent’s friends are often the main source of reflected self-appraisals, the social mirror into which adolescents anxiously stare. Self-Protection – Repressing the negative characteristics about one’s self. Only acknowledging the good. Unconscious self – Older adolescents are more likely than younger adolescents to believe that certain Ch 4: Self Self-esteem- (self-worth or self-image) is the global evaluative...
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...This textbook chapter by Rowland uses previous research by others and his own research to discuss the growth of children’s strength during adolescent years. The main ideas expressed in this textbook chapter are that prior to children going through puberty, females and males muscle growth is growing at a steady constant rate. When children hit puberty their muscular development will drastically change, but the change is different depending on the gender of children. Males muscle strength dramatically increases when going through puberty whereas females strength continues to improve linearly or will flatline which shows no extensive improvement through their adolescent years. Girls At the age of 10, girls are predicted to have 50% of their...
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...Adolescent Self Portrait Holly Regan, Michelle Wilson, Sonia Raya, and Yolanda Rouse BSHS/325 January 26, 2015 Mary Carlisle Adolescent Self Portrait What is it like to be an adolescent? Being an adolescent can be confusing at times because this is a stage of life when you are transforming from a child to an adult; a teenager. They go through so many different stages of change during this time such as physical changes and emotional changes. The physical change that occurs is called puberty. Puberty is like being stuck in between being a child and an adult because your parents expect more responsibility from you. These bigger responsibilities can be as simple as more chores or taking odd side jobs to help with the family income. This change can also mean learning how to be responsible with money in order to prepare you for when you are independent and on your own. Sometimes these responsibilities are more than we want to take on and, as a result, choose being rebellious toward parental rules and hang around friends instead. Peer pressure is also a big part of being an adolescent. You have the pressures of growing up, family responsibilities and rules, and friends putting ideas in your head that leave you choosing whether to be cool and fit in or be respectful of parental guidelines. There are pressures to party, be sexually active, or do well in school. At this stage, we desperately want to be old enough to do adult things that some of our friends may already...
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...Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood and Adolescents This essay demonstrates ideas on the intellectual or cognitive developmental abilities in both children and adolescents. Children are not considered little adults, and they are not capable of reasoning like any adult until they reach the age of 15. Children’s brain is never fully developed until late adolescents or in the case of males sometimes early adulthood. The most common problem among all parents is that parents often expect their children to act more like adults when they are not yet capable of doing so. Therefore, it is important that parents know what to expect from their child as they develop. According to Piaget, school age children (6-12) years old, enter Piaget’s Concrete Operational stage. "During concrete operational…became reversible,” (Usha 260). Thought is now more logical, flexible, and organized than it was during early childhood. Children are now able to logically discuss ideas and any topic. School age children also are capable of Decentration. It means they can now focus on several aspects of a problem and relating them, rather than centering on just one. They can also demonstrate Reversibility. Which is the capacity to think through a series of steps and then mentally reverse direction, returning to the starting point. We can demonstrate this on children by watching them do a double chain knot bracelet. The child will be able to put the strings in front of them so they can have string A to...
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...Libby Banks Human Growth and Development Summer 2014 7/6/2014 The Virgin Suicides For assignment 2, I watched The Virgin Suicides, a 1999 film based on the amazing novel by Jeffrey Eugenides. I had read the book in my younger years (when I was an adolescent girl myself!) and the novel had stayed with me for years. When watching the film for this assignment, I was struck how relevant the movie was to our coursework, and looking at the film with my new knowledge was rewarding and heartbreaking. The first developmental issue that stuck out for me was how little freedom the girls were given to develop independent identities. The girls are mostly referred to as a monolith “The Lisbon Girls” and neither the boys who are obsessed with them nor their parents seem to differentiate between them. The most telling examples of this occur within the Homecoming dance sequence and aftermath. When the boys are deciding which girl to take to the dance, they don’t differentiate between them they essentially randomly assign them. The girls recognize this, and they feel upset about it. Later, and more tragically, Lux’s being late to curfew has dire consequences for all the girls, not just Lux. The parents punish all of the girls for the poor choices of one out of a misguided notion of fairness and anger. They cloister all of them rather than punish the one; leading them to all feel hopeless. Another part of adolescent development is being able to experiment with sex...
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...Societal beauty standards are unrealistic for many adolescents, and most forms of mainstream media tend to promote these ridiculous beauty standards. Television and fashion magazines only show one kind of body type, which is unrealistic and unattainable. Media shows who and what teenagers are supposed to look like in order to be considered attractive. The media puts pressure on adolescents to look a certain way which can cause body dissatisfaction, and can lead to mental and eating disorders. The body-type ideal that mainstream media promotes is a negative body image that causes body dissatisfaction. In a study conducted on girls and young women, the results showed that exposure to media correlates with body dissatisfaction (Grabe, Ward, and...
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...research paper shows how dangerous and life-threatening anorexia is on adolescence, as well as, how self-image, family issues, and the media influence anorexia. Anorexia in Adolescence Adolescence is a chaotic time in the life of a growing teenager in which he or she experiences many physical as well as emotional changes. Not knowing where they stand in the world yet and trying to figure themselves out, adolescents may fall subject to influences and become victims of such horrible things as eating disorders. During adolescence a major importance in life is to be accepted and to fit in somewhere which brings about the issue of eating disorders. In order for them to be accepted and feel as if they are able to fit in with the status quo, some adolescents, mostly girls, will develop an eating disorder during adolescence. Anorexia Nervosa is one of the leading eating disorders in adolescents and is a serious psychiatric illness with both psychological and medical effects that usually onset during adolescence. Becoming an increasingly prominent illness in Adolescent girls, in some cases boys, for many...
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...The issue I have chosen to explore based on the gender-related issues identified in “Cinderella Ate My Daughter” is the effect of mass media on young girls. In today’s society, the media is frequently critiqued on the ways in which it represents women. The media often glamorizes women and displays unrealistic images of beauty that are practically unobtainable. Another problem with media in today’s society is that it is reaching girls at increasingly younger ages. The research articles discussed will specifically look at how media is effecting girls that fall into the youth and adolescent category, with girls as young as five years old. The first article to be discussed looks at peer and media influences on body image concerns in young girls...
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...Adolescent self portrait paper The learning team describes what it feels like to be an adolescent? Adolescent vary according to cultures and religions and also takes place when a person transitions from childhood to adulthood. the adolescent term mean “ to grow in maturity”. In today’s society there is not a specific age when adolescent begins, but it usually takes place around 11 to 12 years of age, late teens and even early twenties. During that time there are many changes that takes place such as psychological, social, and biological changes. The learning team identifies specific changes that tend to be the most striking and have the greatest effect on personality. In Erik Erikson’s 8 stages of psychological development, he writes about the adolescent going to through the crisis of Identity versus Role Confusion. Identity versus Role Confusion is Erikson’s stage 5 of his psychological development. It is during this stage that “the transition between childhood and adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, housing and more, they just want to belong to a society and fit in”. However as children develop the greatest effect that these changes will have on an adolescent personality are issues with body image and self concept. As girls develop they become very critical and very unhappy about their body and the way they look and its during this period depression tends...
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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises due to Almighty Allah who enabled me to complete the research work. I am pleased to avail myself of the opportunity to express my deepest sense of respect, sincere appreciation and heartfelt gratefulness to my Anthropology department, to honorable supervisor & teachers who helped me for increasing anthropological insights by their guidance in planning and execution of present research work, suggestions, inspirations, affectionate feelings and constructive criticism through the work. I am very grateful for the support that our seminar librarian has shown by allowing me to take books in case of necessity and within short notice. The support will always be remembered. I am indebted to my parents and my friends for their immense mental support and courage to perceive through all sorts of difficulties until this research work was completed. I really feel proud of my honorable respondents who helped me to collect data in regard of my research title. Their helping mind really impressed me. So, I show my deepest sense of respect to them. My supervisor, I thank you for your guidance that brought me to the end of this work. Your politeness & cordial behavior added encouragement to my work. December, 2014 | Roll No:09203219Registration no: 3552Session: 2008-2009MSS, Department of Anthropology | ABSTRACT Being the main force conditioning human relationship, sex is essentially political. In any social context, the construction of...
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