...The concept of the prison has existed for more than two thousand years. It probably goes back as far in time as practice of cannibalism, where victims had to wait for their turn in contributing to the chief course in the menu of their captors. Examples of prisons can even be found in the Old Testament when Joseph was incarcerated in Egypt. It was not until the 19th century that a clear shift occurred from corporal punishment to imprisonment. As societies prospered and the industrial revolution began, the formal prison system, as we know it today, developed. Throughout most of the world, the correctional system is administered by the state, and it is considered a key function that the government must fulfill: protect its citizens by guaranteeing the state of law while enforcing the judicial system. More than two decades ago, the United Sates and Great Britain began experimenting with privatization of their prison systems, outsourcing the management to private enterprises. Like most privatization issues, this topic has many supporters from the liberal economic philosophy, as well as many detractors that argue against profit seeking enterprises. The discussion promotes themes such as the ethical dilemma of the private sector “administering punishment”, selecting the correct metrics used to evaluate the performance of private sector versus public sector, disputes of what are “just and fair” services that the inmates are entitled to, among others. In the following essay we aim to bring...
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...The concept of the prison has existed for more than two thousand years. It probably goes back as far in time as practice of cannibalism, where victims had to wait for their turn in contributing to the chief course in the menu of their captors. Examples of prisons can even be found in the Old Testament when Joseph was incarcerated in Egypt. It was not until the 19th century that a clear shift occurred from corporal punishment to imprisonment. As societies prospered and the industrial revolution began, the formal prison system, as we know it today, developed. Throughout most of the world, the correctional system is administered by the state, and it is considered a key function that the government must fulfill: protect its citizens by guaranteeing the state of law while enforcing the judicial system. More than two decades ago, the United Sates and Great Britain began experimenting with privatization of their prison systems, outsourcing the management to private enterprises. Like most privatization issues, this topic has many supporters from the liberal economic philosophy, as well as many detractors that argue against profit seeking enterprises. The discussion promotes themes such as the ethical dilemma of the private sector “administering punishment”, selecting the correct metrics used to evaluate the performance of private sector versus public sector, disputes of what are “just and fair” services that the inmates are entitled to, among others. In the following essay we aim to bring...
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...Prisoner research is a debatable topic on ethics and morals. It can be viewed as a negative practice mostly because of its history. During World War II, prisoners were forced into concentration camps by the Nazis to be tested on. The testing done at these concentration camps were a horrific scene to any of who liberated them. The Nazis weren't the only ones who tested on prisoners, but also it caused controversy in the U.S. These are considered among the most egregious cases of widespread abuse of human subjects of research in modern history (Stone pg. 6). Because of this prisoner research is viewed just like it was 70 years ago, except it hasn't changed too much since. Prisoner research is thought to be humane today, but that's just what the public know. Prisoners should not take part in medical research because they are a vulnerable population; they may feel coerced to...
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...ABSTRACT There are close to five thousand prisoners in custody in Queensland prisons and this number is on the increase. Prisoners have complex health needs and it is the role of the correctional health nurse to care for prisoner-patients and their health needs. Yet there is a paucity of research surrounding this topic. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the lived experience of nurses caring for prisoner-patients. Five registered nurses, employed in correctional centres in Southeast Queensland were interviewed to illuminate the experience of caring for prisoner-patients. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi’s (1978) method of phenomenology. Textual analysis revealed two themes with five corresponding sub-themes that depicted the meaning of nurses’ caring for prisonerpatients. The experience of nurses caring for prisoner-patients was described by nurse participants as ‘obstructive practices’ from the custodial officers, ‘decreased standards of care’ by nursing staff, ‘prejudice’ towards to prisoners, ‘increased level of mentally ill prisoners’ and a ‘lack of recognition’ for nurses working in the prisons. Amidst all these difficulties, nurses who cared for prisoner-patients demonstrated courage in the work they did and persevered for the sake of the their prisoner-patients and the specialty that is correctional health nursing. Communication must continue between prison and health care administrators in order to identify conflicting issues that impact...
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...systems originated and ruled by Governments to regulate and administer punishment on those who disregard or break laws. In the United States there are distinct federal, state and military criminal justice systems and each state has independent structure and organizational system for adults and juveniles. The purpose of the criminal justice system is to provide justice for all by disciplining and convicting the guilty and then rehabilitating offenders making them productive, law abiding members of society while protecting the innocent and assuring due process. The criminal justice system follows a course of action in which criminal behavior is examined arrests are made, evidence is compiled, charges are brought forth, safeguards/pleas are advanced, hearings are held, sentencing is bestowed and punishment is put in to effect. “The United States is the greatest law factory the world has ever known”. Charles Evans Hughes (1930). The criminal justice system is composed of several main systems, system components, public institutions and their staff. Main Systems: [pic] The core components that make up the criminal justice system are law enforcement, courts and corrections. Law enforcement agencies are municipal organizations whose purposes are to maintain order, enforce the criminal law, and provide services. Police officers operate in the community to prevent and control crime. They cooperate with prosecutors in criminal investigations, gathering evidence necessary...
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...mentally-ill will not receive a fair trial per the Sixth Amendment. As opposed to receiving the medical assistance much needed like rehabilitation, they will be subject to face prison, which can result in their condition growing worse. While Eagleman argues that free will is nonexistent, we believe that free will is an incredible concept that can exist. In the past, there have been cases of ex-professional football players going crazy years after their career ended, and individuals could not come to understand how these healthy, athletic men were later abusing their wives, having severe brain issues, and even committing suicide. Thanks to Dr. Bennet Omalu, who made discoveries in 2002 from examining a former NFL players’ brain, who committed suicide, discovered a new disease called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) that affected the brains individuals like him and other NFL player (Laskas, website). This led to a time when we saw the public and the courts become more open to learning how the brain really affects an individual’s actions and health. Neuroscience has advanced enormously with CT scans and MRI’s to the point where judges and lawyers should not only be susceptible to neuroscience on the court but also knowledgeable in the subject. Lawyers and Judges should be required to know more about this topic and how it pertains to a prosecution of a murder or other violent act. Obligating these professionals to have more knowledge of neuroscience would lead to things such as...
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...offers as much as Engineering in any area of human development including ICT. The challenge of studying advanced mathematics and designing complex electrical and electronic components with myriad ways of application coupled with the logical and intellectual intangibles derivable over the course of my proposed study excites me I had the opportunity to shadow the head mechanic at Colliers Honda dealership during my ... and I was amazed at how much their work was entwined in electronics. Electronic systems were used to instantly diagnose faults within cars that could otherwise take hours. The hybrid cars particularly attracted my interest and I was enthused by how the introduction of an electric motor improved the performance of a car and simultaneously made it more environmentally friendly. Alhough I have flairs for Literature and Philosophy, Mathematics and the Sciences have always been my forte over my school career I have been received 2 silver awards for the UKMT mathematics challenge. I assumed the role of a mentor at my College helping AS maths students with difficulties encountered within their course. The course of studying A-Level Mathematics and Physics allowed me to amass valuable skills of critical thinking and problem solving and an extensive understanding of the laws that govern the physical world. I have also gained enormous laboratory skills particularly in topics on electricity and the ability to analyse, interpret and translate results from experiments. Studying...
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...Essay on History: Essay on Juvenile Detainees - The Duties of ... essayonhistory.blogspot.com/.../essay-on-juvenile-detainees-duties-of.ht... Sep 21, 2011 - Essay on Juvenile Detainees - The Duties of Juvenile Corrections Officials ... Juvenile corrections officials must always be reminded that there ... Design a Juvenile Correctional Facility - College Essay - Kitsang www.studymode.com › Essays › Computers & Internet Design a Juvenile Correctional Facility Building a juvenile facility is not an easy job. Juvenile facility is a place for youth criminals who have committed some type ... Adult vs Juvenile Corrections - Essays - Koochar - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com › Essays › Education › Correctional Read this essay and over 1200000 others like it now. Don't miss your chance to earn better grades and be a better writer! Juvenile Corrections - College Essay - Gpardue26 - StudyMode.com www.studymode.com › Essays › Education › Correctional Juvenile Corrections | The History, Recidivism Rates, and What Works | | Gina Pardue | Corrections - SPEA J331Dr. Robert Ramsey | 12/12/2012 | | Definition of ... Juvenile Justice Process And Corrections Free Essays 1 - 20 www.studymode.com/.../juvenile-justice-process-and-corrections-page1.... 20+ items - Free Essays on Juvenile Justice Process And Corrections for ... Systems CJA/374 Juvenile Justice Process and Corrections In Henderson NV ... following release from a juvenile correctional facility. In this paper we will...
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...Do foreign born terrorists deserve the same rights that American citizens have, even though they the very reason they plan their attacks is because of these very rights. There are many things that need to be considered on this highly debated topic. As the war on terror continues in Afghanistan and around the globe, people are taking up arms and planning attacks on U.S. soil. If we do not take quick and decisive action against these individuals their ideology will spread rampant throughout the world. America is tired of the war on terrorism and it needs to consider a more direct approach in dealing with individuals who wish to destroy everything that has been created in our country. Should America grant rights to those who do not value life, is there enough funding to house and feed these individuals for extended periods of time, will they be set free in our revolving door justice system to return to fight another day, advanced interrogation techniques have saved American lives in the beginning of the war on terror why should we stop now, and is America lowering itself to the standards of the terrorists by not granting them rights. These are just a few questions that must be answered and taken into consideration when deciding how to treat a terrorist. On September 11th 2001, nineteen foreign born terrorists hijacked 4 commercial airliners and crashed them into the World Trade Center towers, the Pentagon, and on one aircraft the passengers fought back and crashed the...
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...Psychologist Donterise L. Anderson Saint Leo University Abstract An increasing rate of violation of crimes characterizes the current global environment. Different forms of violence and aggression, including drug trafficking and abuse, robbery, and rape cases among other forms of violence necessitates the need for analyzing the roles of a correctional psychologist. The special roles played by the correctional psychologists such as providing environments that improve the safety of the staff and inmates, psychological services, inmate management, and conducting an evaluation of the inmate/prison population and its influence on inmates’ health necessitated the study into the topic. In addition, the fact that the correctional psychology has numerous ethical dilemmas and conflicts makes it wanting to study the topic. Introduction Today, corrections are a complex, high profile operation, which consumes a significant portion of the federal operating budget. This paper will concentrate on the duties of a correctional psychologist. The paper begins with an overview of legal issues pertinent to psychological concepts and legal rights of inmates. We then examine the practice of forensic psychology in the correctional environment. Legal issues This section describes the common legal issues facing psychologists working in correctional facilities. The issues have been organized around the principles...
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...received, quality of news and opinion. The NJ Star Ledger is the oldest and largest circulated paper in U.S state of New Jersey and it’s headquarters is located right here in Newark, NJ. A man named S. I. Newhouse purchased what was then called the “Newark Ledger” in the year 1935 and merged the paper with the “Star Eagle” in the year 1939 which became “The Star Ledger.” The Ledger is owned by Advanced Publications, it has a reputation for being objective and accurate and has won 3 Pulitzer prize awards for public service. 2. Content of the material summarized Title of article: “It’s time to update our drug policy” By: Debra L. Wentz In this article Governor Chris Christie proposed a transformation on NJ’s drug policy so that non violent offenders with substance use disorders would be treated instead of incarcerated. Christie feels that “everyone will benefit when state policy enables them to live the lives they want and deserve.” He addressed the rising costs of warehousing non violent drug offenders in jail and prison. This particular population of offenders has jumped up 43% nationally in the past 10 years. Christie wants to take advantage of the public sentiment, compassion and good policy that has the potential to change lives and solve the states fiscal crisis. He emphasizes the importance of the state sufficiently funding community based non profits that understand the challenges the people of the community...
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...COST OF CRIME [First-Name Last-Name] [Course number] [Instructor’s Name] May 25, 2016 Determining the cost of crime to the society is a vital task that many have tried to decipher. A quick research unveils many crime costing literature that employ different approaches to approximate the losses due to crimes committed and the cost of crime prevention. Statistics from the U.S. department of Justice show that billions of dollars are used in crime prevention and related legal activities in addition to the billions of dollars that are incurred in economic losses. Studies have shown the cost of crime in developing countries to be approximately ten percent (10%) of their GDP, a figure which agrees with findings that the US spends $1 to $2 trillion annually on crime prevention. McCollister and colleagues categorizes the cost of crime to the society into four groups: victim cost, costs incurred in the criminal justice system, crime career costs and intangible costs. Victim costs are the losses that the victim faces such as loss or damage of property, hospital bills and loss of money. The criminal justice system costs include the money the government spends on crime prevention such as police protection and correctional programs while crime career cost is the opportunity cost that results from the choice to engage in crime rather than sticking to the straight and narrow. Intangible costs, unlike the other three crime cost categories, don’t have a particular cost...
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...work conditions. Just as we look back and review the previous generations, future generation will do the same with us right now. The thing is, these issues are largely being ignored, or viewed as insignificant right now. While there are many, I have selected four to explain in detail. Using Kantian Ethics and Utilitarianism, I will review why future generations will view poor eating habits, how we run our prisons, owning guns and wasting water as morally wrong. It is important that societies acknowledge their flaws, and work to fix them. Without this effort, problems can become widespread...
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...The Greek philosopher Aristotle created rhetorical appeals, he divided these so called appeals into three categories: Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. Rhetorical appeals are made to help your argument goals by helping your persuade your audience of your ideas. Ethos is to help support your argument by using credibility. In essence we typically believe the people around us that we respect. This appeal helps identify you as a person that the audience should listen to because you know lot about the topic or you have authority (Durham). Ethos can be related to the word ethics or moral principles of the writer or speaker (Writing Commons). One example of this would be, if a Basketball player is giving a speech the audience will think his Ethos is strong because he has a lot of experience (Williams). Another example of this would be the time when my father was in the marine corp. My family had to attend a rank ceremony. During this a Sergeant gave a speech in which the whole crown fell silent as he began his speech. This is an example of Ethos because the crowd found the Sergeant a highly respectable and creditable person that they need to listen too....
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...Running head: SHOULD CAPITAL PUNISHMENT CONTINUE TO BE A PART OF THE U.S. JUSTICE SYSTEM? Should Capital Punishment Continue to be a Part of the U.S. Justice System? Siddiqui Carter Research Process Outline Paper University of Phoenix RES 341 Dr. Frank Poter January 1, 2005 Week 2 Should Capital Punishment Continue to be a Part of the U.S. Justice System? Capital punishment has long been a part of the American criminal justice system and the topic has created much debate on if this punishment is appropriate for the U. S. society. Many believe capital punishment is a necessary punishment for those who commit capital offenses and acts as a deterrent to violent criminals. Essentially, Americans that support the death penalty believe that it contributes to the overall wellbeing of U. S. society. Activists still desire to eliminate the punishment. Though, this country’s founding fathers broke away from England they did not completely disagree with everything they believed. When it came down to capital punishment, they adopted it from British common law. Even as history is reviewed, debate over capital punishment can be seen as far back as the American Revolution Debates over capital punishment continued from the Civil War until the 1960’s. During this period some states abolished and later reinstated the death penalty, but from 1968 to 1976, due to public out cry, no executions took place in the U.S. In 1972 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against the death...
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