...Robotic Surgery Deborah Martin, ROBOTIC SURGERY ༉ Introduction ༉ Advantages & Disadvantages ༉ How Robotic Surgery Works ༉ Conclusion Robotic Surgery Mostly paying consideration on reducing the invasiveness of the surgical procedure Robotic Surgery • Computer supported surgery • Surgeon operates the machine to do the operation • Surgeon uses one or more technique to control the instrument • While operate the operation the Surgeon uses remote or directly the computer to manage those instrument AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system ༉ Computer Motion, Inc developed the AESOP Endoscope Positioner robotic system and in 1993 this became the first robot approved by the FDA for surgery. ༉ AESOP Endoscope Positioner is a voiceactivated robotic system for endoscopic surgery. ZEUS® Surgical System ༉ Computer Motion, Inc introduced the ZEUS® Surgical System in 1998. ༉ ZEUS® Surgical System consists of : ༉ Surgeon control console ༉ Three table mounted robotic arms Da Vinci Surgical system ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ ༉ Intuitive Surgery, Inc. created the da Vinci Surgical system and approved in 1997 by FDA. July 2000 it become the first laparoscopic surgical robotic. The da Vinci system consists of: A Surgeon console A patient side cart Four robotic arms (the three arms of the da Vinci system holds the operation instruments and the fourth arm has a camera with two lenses...
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...Robotic Surgery To Stay Or Not Too Stay The use of surgical robots has increased greatly and is continuing to grow. Although these robots are already being used they have advantages as well as disadvantages. Surgical robots are only going to improve the outcomes for the patients, surgeons, and hospitals and will keep improving as time goes on, overcoming the disadvantages that are seen today. Many different types of robots are being used to carry out surgical procedures such as the Endowrist, AESOP, Zeus, PROBOT, ROBODOC, SOCRATES and the da Vinci being the most popular. Also there are many specific types of surgical procedures that are being carried out robotically such as urological, gynecological, cardiac, and general surgeries. “Shorter hospital stays, smaller incisions, less blood loss, quicker recovery, less painful, reduced rates of bacterial infections and blood transfusions, eliminating the surgeons hand tremors, more comfort and decrease in fatigue for the surgeon, 3D view, superior suturing skills, reverse fulcrum” are some of the advantages that affect the patient. Disadvantages involved with robot assisted surgery are “high cost, the large size of the robot, lack of compatible instruments and equipment, lengthy set up times, longer operative times, lack of haptic tactile feedback,” but are believed to disappear with more research and time. Surgical robots could be the most successful and most used technology in surgery in the future. “A surgical robot...
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...ranging from the history and development of robots that can be found in surgical rooms, political concerns regarding the Food and Drug Administration and their requirements to approve use of these robots, the legal aspect of robotic technology on how to determine which party is held liable in case of accidents or malfunctions that can lead to injury and a legal case that shows the difficulty to prove fault against a manufacturer. Also discussed will be the economic ramifications on our society, psychological, sociological, cultural, moral and ethical impacts on human life, in particular the patients that undergo surgery involving a robotic surgical system, and the environmental impacts of robotics in surgery. It is our hope that through this research paper that we are able to explain to and educate our readers on the impacts of Robotic Surgery as this type of surgery is becoming more popular with doctors in order to...
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... The Benefits and disadvantages of remotes and robotic surgery Robotic surgeries is a new technology that has drastically changed the health and medicine aspects by giving hope and promises in finding ways to cure patients. Robotic surgery is a new revolution and is one of the most used methods in hospitals. Until todays date the robotic and remote devices has increased their used in hospitals and clinics, and there is no doubt that their use will decrease because they have succeed in the past. As the time pass, robots and surgery remotes take a big picture in hospitals, but that doesn’t mean they are replacing humans. In fact they improved their knowledge and their ability skills to operate small and larger incisions. Robotic surgeries has helped many hospitals stability for patients and has increase the opportunities to complete multiple operation with less time that was used before. There are many types of robotic surgeries, and each work depending on the patient’s needs. Several types of robotic surgeries may be used depending on the patients and they can be used to treat different conditions. Furthermore, there are patients that don’t qualified for this types of surgeries because they don’t have the resistance to survive this operations, or they don’t have the financial requirement to pay for a surgery. Every new technology has their ups and downs, and robotic surgery does not stay behind. Before robotic surgeries and remotes to hits the process of maturity stage, they...
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...Introduction: Despite the many advantages associated with laparoscopic surgery such as reduced postoperative pain, faster recovery to baseline functional status, and shorter hospital stays, there remains significant complications and risks related to this approach. The majority of operative complications related to laparoscopy include subcutaneous emphysema, gas embolization, bowel or bladder perforation, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and acute hemorrhage. Reported events of perforated abdominal organs range from 0.5-2.2% in all cases. Injuries to the bladder and ureters remain rare complications of laparoscopy. We report a very rare complication of laparoscopy that involved insufflation of the bladder. There are very few case reports...
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...hefty bleeding, infertility, pregnancy impediments, constipation, etc. For females with these tumors, they can refer Dr. Usha Kumar, the best laparoscopic surgeon in Max Hospital Saket for laparoscopic hysterectomy. A laparoscopic hysterectomy us a kind of hysterectomy implemented with a class of lean optical tubes usually referred to as laparoscopes. Executed by this manner, hysterectomies often lead to shorter retrieval and operating times than usual operations of this type. It is also moderately common for there to be much less blemishing and owing to this, many females request laparoscope assisted procedures....
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...------------------------------------------------- Robot Assisted Surgery: The Evolution of the Surgeon and the Operating Room Abstract The art of surgery has evolved significantly from the times of shaman priests in ancient Egypt and bloodletting barbers of Medieval Europe. This evolution was assisted by the development of new tools that were created as the result of some advancement in technology. These new instruments permitted the surgeons of their day to unlock new possibilities and develop new techniques, each more sophisticated than the one before. Due to the sensitive nature of surgery, moral and ethical obligations were established early on and eventually formed the basis of “The Hippocratic Oath”, which is still relevant to the modern surgeon. We are now in a place in history where robots are being used to assist with surgical procedures that were once only conceivably done by human hands. This paper seeks to detail this evolution as well as describe current and future applications of robotics in the surgery and the ethical implications inherit with this technology. This report will also attempt to identify and discuss the complex legal, political, and cultural issues that have also evolved with this science. A review of the literature was undertaken using Medline. Articles describing the history and development of surgical robots were identified as were articles reporting data on applications. This most recent development in surgical advancement has infinite potential...
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...Running Head: TEAM B COURSE PROJECT Team B Course Project Final Draft April 20, 2013 Professor Aimee James DeVry University Abstract Robotic surgery is a described as when a surgeon uses robotic equipment to assist during a surgical procedure. The surgeon manipulates controls which send information to the robotic equipment, telling it what to do. This surgical technology can be used for a wide range of surgical procedures. There are multiple benefits from choosing this type of surgery, but can also cost more than laparoscopic. Robotic surgery has been discussed for over two decades. Over the last decade, it has increased in popularity and applicability. There are many economic concerns over the use of this technology such as the cost versus the applicable use. There are also concerns about the implications the use of this technology will have on the environment, as well as moral and ethical concerns. By providing background information and history of this technology, information on the use of this technology, economical, sociological, and psychological effects and concerns associated with this technology, and information on environmental implications and moral and ethical concerns of this technology, we hope to provide readers a basis to form an educated opinion on the applicability of remote and robotic surgery. Table of Contents Abstract (Jesse Edwards)…...……………………………………………….…………………….ii Introduction (Jesse Edwards)……………………………………………….……………………..1 Description...
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...Remote Robotic Surgery in Germany By: Christopher Redman MIS535 I will discuss how robots entered our lives, and this has historical roots after the play by the author Karel Capek, then those robots entered all aspects of our lives, and my topic is the medical field; the first robotic usage was performed in 1987, and there was many drawbacks to those first experiences such as restricted degrees of motion, decreased sense of touch, and .increased sensitivity to hand movement. The main issues that surrounds this procedures is safety measures and maintenance, as there is no grantee that the computer systems of robot is going to work in high safe. Other issues comes from the cost, since robotic surgery is more expensive than traditional, this will make it unavailable for public hospitals, and those who are poor may not be able to benefit from this technology, but this transfer from traditional methods in medicine must happen, as technology affected all aspects of our lives. Robot might sound as a very modern scientific invention, but it is not as the first time “robot” was introduced and coined was in 1921, in a play written by the Czech writer Karel Capek, and since then robots took a place in many aspects of our lives, they also take place in dangerous and highly precise tasks, such as aviation, and here we will discuss the medical usage of robots, starting from the history, to political and economic questions, also Psychological considerations...
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...Robotic Surgery Technology, Society, and Culture HUMN432 Introduction: Robotic Surgery Robotic surgery is the latest development that uses robots and computer aided apparatus to aid in normal surgical procedures. It is a new technology and mostly used in well-developed countries. With robotic surgery a single surgeon is able not only to perform multiple surgeries but also do his/her work from any part of the world (McConnell, Schneeberger & Michler, 2003). Robotic surgery is a type of procedure that is similar to laparoscopic surgery. It also can be performed through smaller surgical cuts than traditional open surgery. There are small precise movements that are possible with this type of surgery. It gives some advantages over standard endoscopic techniques. Sometimes robotic-assisted laparoscopy can allow a surgeon to perform a less-invasive procedure that was once only possible with more invasive open surgery. Once it is placed in the abdomen, a robotic arm is easier for the surgeon to use than the instruments in endoscopic surgery. The robot reduces the surgeon’s movements. The robot assistance reduces some of the hand tremors and movements that might otherwise make the surgery less precise. Robotic instruments can access hard-to-reach areas of your body more easily through smaller incisions compared to traditional open and laparoscopic surgery. This procedure is done under general anesthesia where you are asleep and pain free. The surgeon sits at a computer...
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...were no restrictions on travel in Europe, people visited neighboring countries in order to improve their health. At first, mere traveling was considered to be a good therapy for mental and physical well-being. In the 21st century, relatively low-cost jet travel has taken the industry beyond the wealthy and desperate. Later, mostly wealthy people began traveling to tourist destinations like the Swiss lakes, the Alps and special tuberculosis sanatoriums, where professional and often specialized medical care was offered. In this century, however, medical tourism expanded to a much larger scale. Thailand, followed by India, Puerto-Rico, Argentina, Cuba and others quickly became the most popular destinations for medical tourists. Complicated surgeries and dental works, kidney dialysis, organ transplantation and sex changes, topped the list of the most popular procedures. It was estimated that in 2002, six hundred thousand medical tourists came to Bangkok and Phuket medical centers in Thailand, while approximately one hundred and fifty thousand foreign patients visited India during that time. From Neolithic and Bronze age wherein people used to visit neighboring countries for Minerals and Hot Springs , Today we have reached the era where Hospitals are more like Spas and Spas more like hospitals. Introduction to Medical Tourism Medical tourism is...
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...Robotic Surgery October 8, 2015 Devry University The technology Robotic surgery refers to a method used to perform surgery with the help of very small surgical instruments attached to a robotic arm. The surgeon controls the robotic arm with a computer (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2013). Robotic surgery or robotic-assisted surgery uses robots that are controlled by actual surgeons. The robots are merely for precision and accuracy during the surgery as human surgeons are prone to error due to distractions. The development also allows doctors to perform a lot more complex operations than they were able to before. It does not stop there; Robotic surgery allows for much more flexibility options, control- ability and accuracy in precision (Lanfranco, et al. 2004). The surgeon makes tiny incisions on the patient, then the blades and other surgical instruments that are attached to the robot, penetrate through the incisions. This kind of surgery has been successful in some traditional open surgical operations (Mayo Clinic, 2015). Application of general anesthesia is important during surgery because it alters the perception of the body toward a painful stimulus. General anesthesia is applied to ensure that the procedure is painless. It takes a patient to relax and submit themselves to the hands of the surgeon as the only way of healing. The anesthesia, therefore, works by reducing the anxiety that may bring complications as the patients are unconscious...
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...and eventual sepsis, clinically known as peritonitis which can lead to circulatory shock. Reginald Fitz first described acute and chronic appendicitis in 1886, and it has been recognized as one of the most common causes of severe acute abdominal pain worldwide. A correctly diagnosed non-acute form of appendicitis is known as "rumbling appendicitis". Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 5 and 40; the median age is 28. It tends to affect males, those in lower income groups, and, for unknown reasons, people living in rural areas. The term "pseudoappendicitis" is used to describe a condition mimicking appendicitis. It can be associated with Yersinia enterocolitica. acute appendicitis appendicitis of acute onset, requiring prompt surgery, and usually marked by pain in the right lower abdominal quadrant, referred rebound tenderness, overlying muscle spasm, and cutaneous hyperesthesia. chronic appendicitis 1. that characterized by fibrotic thickening of the organ wall due to previous acute inflammation. 2. formerly, chronic or recurrent pain in the appendiceal area, without evidence of acute inflammation. fulminating appendicitis that marked by sudden onset and usually death. gangrenous appendicitis that complicated by gangrene of the organ, due to interference of blood supply. obstructive appendicitis a common form with obstruction of the lumen, usually by a fecalith. Signs and symptoms Location of the appendix in the digestive system Pain first, vomiting...
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...Surgery Advantages and disadvantages Major advances aided by surgical robots have been remote surgery, minimally invasive surgery and unmanned surgery. Some major advantages of robotic surgery are precision, miniaturization, smaller incisions, decreased blood loss, less pain, and quicker healing time. Further advantages are articulation beyond normal manipulation and three-dimensional magnification, resulting in improved ergonomics. Robotic techniques are also associated with reduced duration of hospital stays, blood loss, transfusions, and use of pain medication.[13] With a the cost of the robot at $1,200,000 dollars and disposable supply costs of $1,500 per procedure, the cost of the procedure is higher. Additional surgical training is needed to operate the system.[14] Patient surveys indicate they chose the procedure based on expectations of decreased morbidity, improved outcomes, reduced blood loss and less pain.[13] Higher expectations may explain higher rates of dissatisfaction and regret.[14] The main advantage of this technique is that the incisions are very small and, consequently, patient recovery is quick. In traditional open-heart surgery, the surgeon makes a ten to twelve-inch incision, then accesses the heart by splitting the sternum (breast bone) and spreading open the rib cage. The patient is then placed on a heart-lung machine and the heart is stopped for the length of the surgery. Not only is this a way for bacteria that can cause infections to access the...
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...Subject- Robotic surgery ROBOTIC SURGERY * * Our society is based around innovations and technical changes; a new invention becomes an innovation if it is put to market with a good business model, and a clear marketing campaign, a new invention not put to market is not an innovation. Many inventions do not succeed due to the lack of market research. Successful innovations often disrupt an established technology, meaning that the established technology becomes obsolete, or much less used, and it us the disruptive innovation which takes over. In this paper we will see how Robotic surgery disrupts the traditional human surgery process. Robotic surgery offers small incisions, instruments that bend further than the human wrist, and an enhanced view due to its magnified 3D high-definition. It is highly beneficial due to its reduced chance of bleeding and infection, fewer post-operative complications and a faster recovery. The only commercialized robot in robotic surgery is the Da Vinci surgical robot, which is a production of Intuitive Surgical. The medical domain has already accepted a lot of innovations, it is a domain that has greatly evolved, our health being one of the most important things in life, a lot of research is made around it, and the government is often part in its funding’s. The most revolutionary innovation in the health care center is robotic surgery, which now looks to disrupt the human procedure of surgery, and replace it with robotic surgery. Robotic surgery...
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