...College Policy and the Aids (Non) Epidemic Communities in our society are becoming increasingly aware of the challenges being presented by the AIDS virus. Our government, as well as many other organizations like Planned Parent Hood, are taking strides to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS virus. Recently, in an attempt to contribute to the fight, the Administration of my College, Camden County College, has decided to install condom dispensers in the rest rooms throughout the three Campus locations. While this decision has been met with a great deal of resistance and controversy throughout the campus, I Agree with the many other students that there is no needed to spend the resources and time to install these dispensers being that we are commuter school without any dorms, with the fact that there are grocery stores right around the block that provide these resources to students. Camden County Colleges vision states as the following: All who study, visit, or work at our three campus locations will find comfortable, safe, and attractive settings that are designed to sustain a vibrant community characterized by imaginative teaching, caring student services, energetic management, and collegial discussion of diverse ideas and opinions (2005). According to this statement, the College is declaring that it will provide a safe setting, which, by definition of safe, means free from risk and affording protection. While the vision of the college does not state the...
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...| HIV/AIDS: | A Global Epidemic | | [Type the author name] | HCA 240 HEALTH AND DISEASES | | HIV/AIDS: A Global Epidemic Human Immunodeficiency Virus also known as HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. HIV is a disease that attacks the immune system specifically targeting CD4 cells or T cells. HIV makes you more susceptible to certain types of cancers and infections that our bodies would normally resist such as pneumonia and meningitis (The Mayo Clinic, 2010). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome is a global epidemic. There is an estimated 39.5 million people living with the virus today (The Mayo Clinic, 2010). Approximately 2.0 million people died from aid in 2008 (WHO, 2010). AIDS is developed in the final stage of the HIV infection. A person can live symptom free with the HIV infection for an extended period of time. Years may go by before the virus is even detected. To move from an HIV-positive diagnosis to an AIDS diagnosis, one must have one of 23 indicator diseases and have a T4 (or CD4) cell count of less than 200 (Mulvihill, Zelman, Holdaway, Tompary, Raymond, 2006). A normal count ranges from 800 to 1,200 (The Mayo Clinic, 2008) HIV is a very delicate virus. This virus will not last long outside the body. Because of this fact, the HIV infection cannot be transmitted through daily activities like greeting by shaking hands, hugging an infected person, or even through kissing. This disease is transmitted via contaminated body fluids including...
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...A National Perspective of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. Washington, Keith Dr. Trigg HSHA 332 December 2, 2015 A National Perspective of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic on Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. HIV is the abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. HIV is the virus that leads to AIDS. HIV affects specific cells of the immune system, called CD4 cells, or T cells. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can destroy so many of these cells that the body is no longer able to fight off infections or other diseases. However, with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled. When a person is infected with HIV the immune system tries to fight off the virus and does make some antibodies, but these antibodies are not able to defeat the virus. Scientists identified a type of chimpanzee in West Africa as the source of the HIV infection in humans. They believe that the chimpanzee version of the immunodeficiency virus called simian immunodeficiency virus, or SIV most likely was transmitted to humans and mutated into HIV when humans hunted these chimpanzees for meat and came into contact with their infected blood. Studies show that HIV may have jumped from apes to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Over decades, the virus slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. We know that the virus has existed in the United States since at least the mid- to late 1970s. It has been reported that the HIV virus was first noticed in...
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...Delicate Balance Of Intellectual Property And Access Economics Essay Health is a human right and intellectual property must not become overemphasized at the expense of human life. There is a delicate balance between the human rights of HIV/AIDS sufferers and the economic, political, and human rights of corporate citizens to protect intellectual property within the pharmaceutical industry. This essay intends to answer the six questions related to the In-Depth Integrative Case 1.2 and highlight the global rights conflict of between a developing country’s fight to confront the AIDS epidemic and intellectual property protection. Delicate Balance Of Intellectual Property And Access To Medication Introduction When the South African Medicines Act was introduced it quickly resulted in battle lines being drawn between patent rights and public health. While all parties acknowledged the scope of the AIDS crisis, how to go about solving the problem became the subject of significant moral and legal debate (Halbert, 2012). Case Study Review In the case study Pharmaceutical companies, intellectual property, and the global AIDS epidemic, there are a number of questions to review. First, do pharmaceutical companies have responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in developing countries? What are the arguments for and against such an approach? There are socio-economic responsibilities of businesses and pharmaceutical companies have responsibility to distribute drugs for free...
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...this wonderful new development through investment that will be a trickle down effect to community * underdvelepment countries have to provide incentive for corps to go to their country * 1940 unlimited scale and new chemicals at virtually no cost * petrochemical era grew - > pose hazard, but they were all trivial and anecotocal * a body of data starting accumulating -> synthetic chemicals -> air water, cancer, birth defects, and other toxic affects * most industries knew about it and attempted to trivialized these risks * it’s a crime to take a gun and shoot you, but its not if I expose u to chemicals that are going to kill you because it takes longer to kill you * we are in a major cancer epidemic - > industry is largely responsible for overwehleomg ep of cancer ½ men get cancer 1/3 women get caner in their life time * rbgh gien to cows since FDA decalred it safe - > heart lng idsney spleen...
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...Economics Discussion how a Epidemic can affect a country's economy The countries involved in an epidemic will immediately suffer in a population crisis where the average age of mortality decreases. More children will be born dead or carrying the TB at a very early stage. Countries that were mentioned in the context are most of them developing countries for instance India, Indonesia and South Africa. Poor average education and high unemployment are huge percent numbers in these countries and a epidemic could cause even more problems with the labor in a country if adults are dying. Result of these problems will eventually lead to a non-consumed agricultural resources since the eventual transmission of knowledge will fail in shortage of both labor and competent people. A starvation will break out due the shortage of food. The development of social and economical aspects will also decrease or stop completely. Progresses involving better healthcare and greater survival number of babies will suffer also suffer from epidemics. Possibilities of helping people will also become completely removed because of the shortage of competent staff and economical issues. The level of education will also decrease due the financial problems, schools will shut down and bad teacher salaries will not attract as many students becoming teachers because of the tough education. Regular working man and women will also have to quite their jobs to take care of their sick/infected relatives...
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...The 1967 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak was a major outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom. The only centre of the disease, in contrast to the three concentrated areas in the 2001 crisis, was on the Wales border with Shropshire.[1] France and other EU countries were also affected by the crisis.[ Background There were three official inquires into the foot-and-mouth epidemics and the Government’s response in the fifty years prior to the 1967 outbreak. These occurred in 1922, 1923-1924, and 1953.[2] In the 1950s, there was a substantial outbreak across the United Kingdom. Of the thirteen years leading up to the 1967 outbreak, there were only two years that there was no reported outbreak.[2] During this period, foot-and-mouth was prevalent across Europe. Outbreak In October 1967, a farmer from Bryn Farm in the county of Shropshire, concerned by the health of one of their sows, sought veterinary advice and the animal was found to have contracted foot-and-mouth disease. Bryn Farm was immediately put into quarantine and general animal movement was banned. The virus rapidly spread to the nearby Ellis Farm. Two cows from the latter had already been sent to market, leaving the farmers in a vulnerable position.[3] In the following months, over 2,364 outbreaks were detected in the United Kingdom.[4] Ninety-four percent of the cases occurred in North-West Midlands and North Wales.[2] Reports The Minister for Agriculture, Frederick Peart, appointed a committee...
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...children advertiser then began to pay attention on it too. After symbolic advertising strategy were widely used, the message of all advertising were involving distinctive or “cool”, and the children or adult were rather to choose produce base on its coolness than its characteristics. The food has already become a social tool for interrelationship development and self recognization. However, the word “cool” can be defined in a broad ways, it also can be misused in the wrong area and provide inappropriate implication to people. For example, using cool in junk food related advertisement, so younger people will misinterpret that consuming junk food is a cool way to express themselves. After eating too much high calorie food products, the global epidemic disease, obesity starts to bring extreme harm to junior people. To prevent this high risk disease spread, actions need to be performed by well studied the effectiveness of the symbolic...
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...The impact of HIV & AIDS in Africa Two-thirds of all people infected with HIV live in sub-Saharan Africa, although this region contains little more than 10% of the world’s population.1 AIDS has caused immense human suffering in the continent. The most obvious effect of this crisis has been illness and death, but the impact of the epidemic has certainly not been confined to the health sector; households, schools, workplaces and economies have also been badly affected. During 2008 alone, an estimated 1.4 million adults and children died as a result of AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Since the beginning of the epidemic more than 15 million Africans have died from AIDS.3 Although access to antiretroviral treatment is starting to lessen the toll of AIDS, fewer than half of Africans who need treatment are receiving it.4 The impact of AIDS will remain severe for many years to come. The impact on the health sector In all heavily affected countries the AIDS epidemic is adding additional pressure on the health sector. As the epidemic matures, the demand for care for those living with HIV rises, as does the toll of AIDS on health workers. In sub-Saharan Africa, the direct medical costs of AIDS (excluding antiretroviral therapy) have been estimated at about US$30 per year for every person infected, at a time when overall public health spending is less than US$10 per year for most African countries.5 The effect on hospitals [pic] Nurses working on the HIV ward at Kisiizi Hospital in Uganda ...
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...a threat that, although by no means new, defies most traditional categories of things that complicate business – an HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa, the world’s largest gold producer. Anglo American PLC is a diversified mining conglomerate operating in 45 countries and employing 107,000 permanent employees to produce precious metals, base metals, and bulk metals. Sub-Saharan Africa is home to just over 10 percent of the world’s population and 60 percent of all people infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS and suffers the world’s highest rates of HIV infection – approximately 5.5 million- in a population of 49 million. Every day, almost 1000 South Africans die from AIDS-related diseases. ISSUE: Can Anglo American PLC and other corporations continue the fight against HIV/AIDS epidemic so that it does not affect business operations? ANALYSIS: Yes: 1) According to (Daniels, Radebaugh, & Sullivan), Anglo American PLC recognized the threat of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Anglo was one of the first corporations to develop a comprehensive, proactive strategy to combat the ravages of the disease on its workforce and the repercussions for its operations. Anglo Americans proactive approach to address the HIV/AIDS epidemic shows how management made an attempt to address the epidemic before it affected operations. Due to the implementation of the...
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...HIV/AIDS Summary HIV/AIDS is the leading disease in America. This epidemic is causing millions of dollars to help and treat patients that are positively tested with HIV/AIDS. There are four different methods, HIV exposure, infections, diagnosis, AIDS diagnosis, and then there is death of HIV/AIDS. There are more than one million Americans living in today’s society that has this disease that is fatal to a human body. Even though HIV/AIDS has been the largest epidemic for the last 30 years, there has been highly active retro viral therapy that has been reducing the number of patients that test positive. In the 1990’s whites were up in number, now they are decreasing as in the blacks were down and now they are increasing in number. Even though there is a race ethnicity towards HIV/AIDS patients there is still others that offer up the transmitted disease such as men having sex with men, heterosexual, and the injection drug. Age can define the importance of having the disease as well. Starting at the age of 13 and up until 50; there are still chances to get HIV but the chances decrease the older you get. Looking at this epidemic in different regions of the United States has many concerns over the cases that are from Southern compared to other states in the country (Jen Kates, 2014). Medicaid, Medicare, Ryan White, and others are consumers for HIV/AIDS patients. The number one leading federal funding for HIV/AIDS is the Medicaid. There are over 200 thousand patients with low...
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...Social Problems Chupical Shollah Manuel HIV is a long term social problem in most underdeveloped countries. This takes us directly beyond the epidemiological aspects of the disease to the social and economic dimensions. Many social studies have revealed that HIV and AIDS is fast becoming a social cancer and it can be understood if one was to assess the social structure and the availability of resources in the society. The most affected persons are those who live in the lower strata of the social stratification due to inequalities that comes with social structure. This paper serves to explain that HIV and AIDS is a social problem of poverty and it also looks at other factors such as religion, promiscuity and child rights which also result in the spread of the disease. It is undisputed to say that poverty is implicated in the prevalence in most developing world. Because these countries are generally poor people are normally forced to engage in activities that end up putting them at the risk of HIV. United Nations (2004) revealed that in South Africa more than 6 million people where living with HIV. The paper also revealed that the majority number who were affected were blacks who are generally poor who have no proper housing facilities, mal-nutritional, lack of safe water. Further research has suggested that Botswana and Zimbabwe have high prevalence of the disease due to the poor conditions which prevails in these countries. In Zimbabwe around 2 million people are said to...
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...has been found to be the cause of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), would not have been the topic of a major and serious worldwide catastrophe. Twenty years ago, people were not phased by the effects that would be caused by this ever so populating disease, and no one would have ever realized that this disease would not be curable or helped without expensive medicine. Like a simple exponential growth equation, the AIDS virus has increased victim numbers by about forty million all over the world. AIDS has also shown that it is not discriminating; it has infected all races and all heritages. The AIDS crisis extends far beyond its death toll, because more than seventy percent of the thirty-six million people with HIV/AIDS live in sub-Saharan Africa. Last year alone, the disease killed 1.5 million people in Africa. One third of these victims are between the ages of ten and twenty-four. The disease has been described as a development crisis; it is profoundly disrupting the economic and social bases of families and entire nations at a rate of infection at 16,000 per day. Without immediate action, AIDS will surpass the effect of the Black Plague that killed forty million people in the late fourteenth century. It is estimated that only ten percent of the death that this disease will cause has been seen. There are no known cures or affordable vaccines to prevent AIDS; the only option is for a program to prevent further spread of the epidemic, minimize its impact, and provide...
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..."And the Band Played On" was a very graphic portrayal of the beginning of the AIDS epidemic in the United States. It vividly depicted the medical, social, government, and political forces behind the AIDS epidemic's origin and rapid spread. It tells the political as well as the scientific struggle that occurred with the discovery of AIDS. The main character, Dr. Don Francis, heads the research of AIDS with little money and little help. The reason for the lack of funding was because AIDS was considered the “gay man’s disease” and there was more emphasis on who discovered the disease rather than actually helping those who had it. This movie was about the government and many other individuals being ignorant and looking the other way because homosexual males were seen as a lesser priority and an inferior group. CDC officials ran into a large barrier during their investigation; homosexual men refused to allow themselves to be submitted for testing, and the tracing of their sexual encounters. The CDC took a very long time to trace the spread of the disease to a single person, who turned out to be a homosexual flight attendant who was extremely promiscuous with other men. This was a large accomplishment at the time, but was only a small success in the process as a whole. Other major factors impeded the progress of effectively handling the epidemic. These included the initial lack of interest by media and politicians, the...
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...In Africa there is a large portion of the population that is greatly affected by acquired immune deficiency syndrome also known as AIDS. This is the final stage of HIV which causes severe damage to the immune system. People who have AIDS are more likely to get infections and tumors that wouldn’t affect people with working immune systems. The spreading of the disease is hard to control because anyone who comes in contact with any bodily fluid of an infected person will most likely end up getting it as well. “About 22.5 million people in Africa have been infected by AIDS as of 2007”. The adult rate of infection worldwide is 1% while in Africa it is about 6.1%. The severity of the epidemic is largely caused by the “poverty, lack of female empowerment, and high rates of male worker migration”. One of the worst parts about the AIDS epidemic in africa is that the national health systems are ill equipped for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, which means that in all honesty the people are basically hopeless. Anything that they can do medically costs way more than the normal African has. In Europe from 1348 to 1350 there was an outbreak of the Yersinia pestis bacterium. This disease was also known as the black plague. It caused the deaths of 30 to 60 percent of europes population. More than 350 million people died from this epidemic. The European population took 150 years to recover from the high amount of death. The original carriers of the plague were the rats that were...
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