...first method, the Cox model, the average age at marriage was about 30 years old and with a AUD onset of 8-9 years later. With their follow-up period, men were 16% and women were 17% divorced and 1.1% of men and 0.5% of women were registered for AUD. Both males and females had a higher risk of divorce and future AUD if the spouse did not have a lifetime history of AUD. When examining divorce-AUD relationship in cousins and full-sibling pairs, there were a decline in the relationship in discordant relative pairs and a stronger decline in siblings than cousins. Results for monozygotic twin pairs were used in the second method, the co-relative model, and there was a strong relation with divorce and AUD association in married...
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...help with stress and treat alcoholism. Case Study: John John is suffering from alcoholic hepatitis due to excessive drinking. He is having severe stomach problems and has been exhibiting moodiness, sleep deprivation, weight loss and lack of energy. Along with alcoholism, John is suffering from stress due to the possibility of his wife leaving him and his job being on the line. Evaluation of models behavior According to the case study John has multiple health issues that the doctor cannot explain from a physical point of view. His medical problems can be explored by understanding what psychosomatic medicine (the mind body relationship) is. According to Friedman (2002) “a significant proportion of patient complaints (at least 25 percent) made to physicians are psychological in nature and have no significant physical counterpart.”(pg. 80) Patients, like John, exhibit symptoms from tension (caused by an unhappy marriage) such as headaches, pain, or weakness and no physical explanation can be found because the problems are somatization. (Friedman, 2002) Somatization is symptoms that have no known medical explanation and are affected by psychological processes. (Friedman, 2002) John’s stressors at the moment consist of his failing marriage, debt and the possible loss of his job. The first type of behavior model is the illness behavior (sick role) model. Friedman (2002) describes this model as someone who responds to...
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...Multidisciplinary Teams In Health Care Martinez, Juan Grand Canyon University: UNV 515 December 16, 2015 Multidisciplinary Teams In Health Care Hospitals are integrating a variation of team-based health care delivery concepts for staff working in intensive care units, emergency rooms, and operating rooms. Team-based health care delivery often referred to as multidisciplinary teams, improve communication between different levels of healthcare workers. According to Epstein (2014), multidisciplinary teams are responsible for improvements in patient outcomes, improved patient and employee satisfaction, and most importantly a decrease in adverse events (AE). Case Description Peter, a 24 year-old male involved in a traffic collision has suffered internal bleeding due to liver trauma and is in need of a surgery and a blood transfusion. Past medical history includes asthma, diabetes, and a significant drinking problem that started at a very young age. It is important to note that the patient is a Jehovah’s Witness and his mother raised him without a father figure. Health Care Delivery Team The multidisciplinary team delivering care to the patient include: the paramedics that arrived at the scene of the accident, extracted the patient from the car, and transported the patient to the emergency department, the registered respiratory therapist that assisted in intubating the patient and was appointed to make sure the patient had ample respirations...
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...Vignette Analysis Jack is a 32 year old Latino-American man who is referred to you by his primary care physician for severe anxiety and mood dysphoria. Jack’s physician has put him on anti-anxiety medication, “to help me with these attacks”. Jack is the oldest of 4 boys. He was raised in what he describes as, “a gang infested Los Angeles neighborhood where I saw my best friend shot to death in front of me”. Jack describes his father, as a hard working man who would drink daily after work. “We would never know how our dad would be when he came home. One day he was a good guy and the next day my brothers and I would run for cover to avoid being hit by whatever dad had in his hand”. He describes his mother as a sweet, passive traditional woman who attended church daily. Jack is married and has 2 small children. He tells you that, “sometimes I hear my father’s voice coming out of my mouth. I don’t ever want my kids to go through what I did.” Jack does admit to drinking several times a week, “it helps quiet my mind and lower my anxiety.” He denies being abusive to his family, but does say that, “sometimes when I drink I don’t remember what I did, but the next day my children are afraid to come near me. I only mean to drink a couple of beers, but I guess I overshoot the mark” What are you diagnostic thoughts for Jack? Diagnostically, I would consider an Alcohol Use Disorder, and a Trauma Related Disorder. Jack appears to have at least 2 symptoms of an alcohol use...
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...her life, be it a friend, a family member, or the individual. Drugs can be damaging to a person’s character and cause many problems. For me, I experienced drugs through my parents; they started at a young age and experienced the disease of addiction. The consequences of their disease hindered themselves as well as their family members. For my father, it was death and luckily for my mom, things turned out better being that she is now 23 years clean and is able to be a great parent/ role model for me. Some effects caused by drug use are physical consequences, the effect on others, and the withdrawing process. Drug abuse can be detrimental to not only the user, but also the people around them; drug abuse is a disease and it can lead to serious consequences in a person’s life. The physical consequences of drug are destructive! The use of drugs messes up our body as a whole and causes negative effects such as body odor, tooth decay, weight loss, weight gain, and even high blood pressure. An analysis of data from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse between 1979-2002 (now the National Survey on Drug Use and Health) estimated that 590,000 young adults aged 18–29 had ever injected drugs. (Aids.gov, 2013) Because addicts are not mindful of the risks being that they are in their disease, they are careless of the precautions that should be taken when sharing / passing around their drugs to others. Many diseases can derive from the use of drugs. For example, hepatitis C, this disease...
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...Individual Project 1 PSYC120-1201A-35: Psychology and Understanding Human Behavior: The Individual June 10, 2014 For the purposes of this assignment and the ones that follow, I have chosen to select Mike Tyson as my subject. It is my belief that his troubled childhood, meteoric rise to fame and fortune, and his often-controversial behavior in and out of the ring makes for an interesting character worthy of analysis. Michael Gerard Tyson was born June 30, 1966 in Brooklyn, New York. He was only two years old when his father, Jimmy Kirkpatrick abandoned the family, leaving his mother, Lorna Tyson to take care of Mike and his two siblings, Rodney and Denise. She had a great deal of financial difficulty in supporting her family, and eight years later, she was forced to move her family into the tough, crime-ridden Brownsville neighborhood of Brooklyn. Tyson, small and shy, was often the target of bullying. To combat this, young Michael began developing his own style of street fighting, and graduated from this to criminal activity. His gang, known as the Jolly Stompers, assigned him to clean out cash registers while older members held victims at gunpoint. He was only 11 at the time. He frequently ran into trouble with police over his petty criminal activities, and by the age of 13 he had been arrested more than 30 times. (Biography, 2012) His behavior eventually landed him in Tryon School for Boys, a tough reform school in upstate New York. It was here that he was introduced...
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...Alcoholism is a prominent substance abuse issue in Western society. The treatment method of controlled drinking as opposed to abstinence is a continuing cause of controversy in alcohol research to this day. The US is different from Europe in its acceptance of controlled drinking as a goal of treatment: “in the US alcohol dependence is typically depicted as a ‘recurring disease’ and the ‘successful abstainer’ as a ‘recovering’ though never ‘recovered’ alcoholic” (Coldwell, 2005). Depending on the alcohol abuse patient’s individual characteristics, either controlled drinking or abstinence is chosen as a treatment. Alcohol treatment in Canada, however seems to incorporate both mechanisms as shown in the study by Rush and Ogborne (1986).The study states that goals for one third of clients who were non abstinent were accepted depending on whether it was a residential or community-based outpatient service. Other effective methods in treating alcoholism are pharmacotherapy, behavioral method and self help manuals. This paper will discuss different therapeutic interventions while highlighting the controversy between controlled drinking and abstinence. Alcohol abuse is growing rapidly throughout U.S. society. One in every twelve adults is being diagnosed with alcohol abuse (Barlow and Durand, 2006). All that are diagnosed with alcohol abuse must meet one or more of the following criteria within a twelve month period: he/ she must fail to accomplish major work, school or home responsibilities;...
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...Maintenance (Lady Dawn Bartolo) Introduction The fifth function of personnel is maintenance that which has been established, that is, an effective workforce with the ability and willingness to perform organizational task. (Junette Bacus) Communicating and counseling One must face the task of maintaining the effective work force that has been assembled. Two features of this workforce that must be maintained (1) attitudes and (2) physical condition. The number of factors affecting the development and maintenance of employee is limitless, but verbal and nonverbal communication process is involved in all stages. In our report we will examine the nature of communication processes, channels and structures through which the flow and means through which blockages and filters can be minimized. Nature & Importance of Communication Communication – the act of inducing others to interpret an idea in the manner intended by the speaker or writer. communist (Latin word) – “common” Managing – getting things done through others, a task which requires the manager to communicate with other people. Channels & Structure Communication Networks 1. Similar to the formal structure of a firm (four persons able to communicate with only a central fifth person – the manager. 2. Representative of the behaviorally free-flow concept (everyone can communicate with each other). 3. Each person can communicate only with his or her two neighbors, somewhat reminiscent of an...
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...Statistics", which gives a more current view of alcohol related issues in the United States. What facts or statistics stood out or surprised you after reading it? Explain why. week 2 Please answer the following discussion question in at least 200 words. This question is based of the reading material assigned for this week. Also, respond to at least 2 of your classmate's discussion question responses. While answering the discussion question and responding to 2 of your classmates would give you full credit for this week, I encourage you to go above that and have numerous open conversations and dialogs with me and your fellow classmates beyond what is minimally required. Discussion Question Two: Chapter 4, Drinking: A Primer, includes a detailed analysis of populations and drinking patterns. Cook deciphers the rates of “any drinking” and...
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...Psychopathology July 14, 2014 Mary Mc Greevy Alcohol Dependence Alcohol dependence is a material associated illness in which a person is hooked to alcohol either mentally or physically, and persists in utilizing alcohol regardless of considerable parts of dysfunction, proof of physical dependence, and an associated difficulty. The word alcohol dependence has substituted alcoholism as a word in turn that people do not suppress the thought of cure and illness, but could consider alcohol as a chemical they might be contingent upon deal with environmental stresses. In order to comprehend this disorder one must first understand just what alcohol dependence is. Then one needs to theorize alcohol dependence employing the biopsychosocial model. And finally it is important to talk about the treatments or interventions that are known to be the most successful for alcohol dependence and why. Once all of this is understood then alcohol dependence can be a little clearer. Alcohol dependence is a growing problem in world and further research is being done to hopefully get this problem under control (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2013). Description of Alcohol Dependence Around twelve percent of American grown-ups have had an alcohol dependence issue during their lifetime. The word alcohol dependence has substituted alcoholism as a word in turn that people do not suppress the thought of cure and illness, but could consider alcohol as a chemical they might be contingent upon deal with environmental...
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...for the most part, on the medical aspects. In the way of background, alcoholism refers to the drinking of alcoholic beverages to such a degree that major aspects of the individual’s life -such as work, school, family relationships or personal SAFETY AND HEALTH, above all, are seriously and repeatedly interfered with. Alcoholism is considered a disease, meaning that it follows a characteristic course with known physical, psychological, and social systems. The alcoholic continues to consume alcohol despite the destructive consequences. Alcoholism is serious, progressive, and irreversible. If not treated, it can be fatal. It is generally thought that once the disease has developed, the alcoholic will not drink normally again. An alcoholic who abstains from drinking, however, can regain control over the aspects of life with which ALCOHOL interfered. The alcoholic is then said to be “recovering” not “cured” of the disease. It is important to note that the particular symptoms and pattern of DRINKING PROBLEMS may vary with the individual. ALCOHOLISM is, therefore, a very complex disorder, and it is this very complexity which has led some recent researchers to question the accuracy of the disease concept of alcoholism. A person does not have to drink every day to be an alcoholic. Moreover, someone who drinks frequently, or sometimes gets drunk is not necessarily an alcoholic. It is possible to abuse alcohol for a short or contained period of time without developing alcoholism...
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...Do Prisons Work? Can Individuals be Reformed or Rehabilitated through Incarceration and Treatment Programs. Critically examine the Current Treatment Programs offered and Subsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore...
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...family-based treatments and the literature searches were systematically conducted and were only considering patients with SUD. Search strategies used a systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases PubMed, ERIC, PsychInfo, and Cochran Reviews (including clinical and research trials). These different guidelines and search engines were chosen because of their high quality, coverage of large databases, and their focus on economic trials. Selection strategy criteria are described and numbered. The criteria were applied to the study in chronological order when a study was excluded based on criteria it was sure to be noted why. They considered studies from 1990 to 2016, selection study types were clinical, random, and meta-analysis. The treatments needed to consist of family-based interventions targeted adolescents (10-20 yrs old) with SUD. When studies were assessed for eligibility based on their abstract it was likely that they only contained cost outcomes and no effect outcomes. To determine the eligibility of full-text articles the same selection criteria were used. Results reflected a total of 731 articles were reviewed and met the search criteria after removal of duplicates, and after first selection based on the abstracts 51 remained. However, after further assessment eligibility, only 11 remained to be used. Among the studies considering cost and benefits looking at three different ones that considered adolescents with SUD significant economic benefits to...
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...Drug and Alcohol Review, (July 2005), 24, 369 – 385 Family interventions in the treatment of alcohol and drug problems ALEX G. COPELLO1, RICHARD D. B. VELLEMAN2 & LORNA J. TEMPLETON2 1 Birmingham and Solihull Substance Misuse Services and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK and 2Mental Health Research and Development Unit, University of Bath, UK and Avon Witshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust Abstract Alcohol and drug problems affect not only those using these substances but also family members of the substance user. In this review evidence of the negative impacts substance misuse may have upon families are examined, following which family-focused interventions are reviewed. Several family-focused interventions have been developed. They can be broadly grouped into three types: (1) working with family members to promote the entry and engagement of substance misusers into treatment; (2) joint involvement of family members and substance misusing relatives in the treatment of the latter; and (3) interventions responding to the needs of the family members in their own right. The evidence base for each of the three types is reviewed. Despite methodological weaknesses in this area, a number of conclusions can be advanced that support wider use of family focused interventions in routine practice. Future research needs to focus on (1) pragmatic trials that are more representative of routine clinical settings; (2) cost-effectiveness analyses, in terms of...
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...DESK RESEARCH TO EXAMINE THE INFLUENCE OF MARKETING AND ADVERTISING BY THE ALCOHOL INDUSTRY ON YOUNG PEOPLE’S ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION Research prepared for the World Health Organization by the Centre for Social Marketing at the University of Strathclyde Emma Cooke, Gerard Hastings and Susan Anderson March 2002 Acknowledgements For acquisition and translation of international data: Jill Bain, Marina Biniari, Liliana Carcamo and Ingrid Kajzer. For comments on the final draft: Anne Marie MacKintosh For administrative support: Kathryn Angus and Aileen Paton. CONTENTS Page No 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY 2 3.0 METHODOLOGY 4 4.0 RESULTS 7 4.1 Advertising 7 4.1.1 Econometric Studies 7 4.1.2 Consumer Studies 11 4.2 Other Forms of Marketing 15 4.3 Developing and Transitional Countries 21 REFERENCES 25 1.0 INTRODUCTION At the World Health Organization Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol in Stockholm (February 2001) considerable concern was expressed about the nature and pervasiveness of advertising and marketing by the alcohol industry. Explicit examples were shown of alcohol promotion exploiting the themes of sexual, sporting and lifestyle success, often in direct violation of advertising codes. Furthermore, many of the advertising examples displayed images of excessive consumption. In addition, the Conference noted...
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