...Evidence for Limiting the Project Scope 11 1.1.10Resources Needed by the Project 12 1.1.11 Project Success Criteria 12 1.1.12 Project Feasibility Report 12 1.1.13 Project Scope Statement 14 CHAPTER # 2 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION 15 2.1 Problem Background in a Non-Ambiguous Manner 15 2.1.1 Elaboration of the problem 15 2.2 Proposed Solution 16 2.2.1 Conclusion drawn from the Problem Area Discussed 19 2.3 Why the Problem should be studied? 19 2.4 Importance of Identified Problem 19 2.5 Nature of Challenges and Learning Capabilities 20 2.5.1 Domain challenge 20 2.5.2 Technical challenges 21 CHAPTER # 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 23 3.1. Domain Research 23 3.1.1 Commodity Trading 23 3.1.2 Algorithmic Trading 24 3.1.3 Advantage of using Algorithms in Algorithmic Trading 25 3.1.4 Web Application 25 3.2 Market Research 26 3.2.1 Similar Web Based Systems in the Market 27 3.2.1 Conclusions Derived from Market Research 29 3.2.2 Benefits of the Proposed System over Similar System Implemented 29 3.3 Services and Technology Growth in India 29 3.3.1 Internet Growth in India 30 3.2 Critical Evaluation of the Literature Review 30 CHAPTER # 4 RESEARCH METHODS 32 4.1 Primary Search 32 4.1.2 Questionnaires 32 4.1.2 Interview 37 4.2 Secondary Research 38 4.2.1 Research of Methodology Selection 39 4.2.2 Research of Web Application Development Platform 42 4.2.3 Database Research 44 4.2.4 System Architecture Research 47 CHAPTER # 5 (Part 1) ANALYSIS...
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...Sample test data/results/output or discussion of results No plagiarism Submission You are required to submit documentation in the form of printed copy of your codes and sample test data. Your submission should bind together with the assignment cover given at the end of this assignment question. Use GREEN colour paper as your Assignment 1 cover. Warning 1. To be done in individually. 2. Marks will be deducted for plagiarism and late submission. ASSIGNMENT QUESTION: Question 1 (50 marks) In linked list, an ordered collection of data in which each element contains the location of the next element or elements using pointers. You are required to build a singly linked list program in C++ programming: 1) Create a singly linked list that contains data of 2,15,8,24,63,77 and print out the output. (10 marks) 2) With the creation of the linked list data, delete the no 8, 24 and 77 and print out the output. (5 marks) 3) Add the no 10 ,25 and 30 in your list and print out the output. (5 marks) Question 2 5. You are required to write a C++ program that indicates Linked List : a) Create a structure “model”. This structure basically has members of model name, model height, model weight, model ethnic. The data which will store the information and second is node *next which will hold the address of the next node. (5 marks) ...
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...2014). However, even those traders still present at a physical trading floor, e.g. at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), rely on electronic support: quote filled computer screens provide information while electronic handhelds are used to eventually execute trades. Since the 1980s electronic trading constantly gained importance. Today virtually 100% of all trades are done electronically or at least with a remarkable amount of computer support. Special servers not only match ‘buy’ and ‘sell’ orders within fractions of a second but are also capable of confirming thousands of individual orders per second. Based on execution speed and power one can rank different electronic trading systems as follows1: (1) Direct Market Access (2) Algorithmic Trading and (3) High Frequency Trading (see Figure 1). Along this ranking the need for humans to intervene decreases while at the same time the autonomy of computers increase. The future trends promise to that trading will become both even faster and even more autonomous. A high priority currently lies in the problem of ‘latency’ this is the period of time between...
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...CCS20503/DCS20303/TCS20404 Data Structure and Algorithm Lab Practical 3 ------------------------------------------------- 4 April 2016 ------------------------------------------------- Instructions: 1. Complete ALL the question in this Lab Practical. 2. Complete and hand in all the materials below: a. Printed source code of your programs. b. Print screen sample output of your programs. 3. Submit your work directly to the instructor with the cover printed on RED colour paper. Use the cover template given at the end of this document. 4. Due date: 4.4.2016 (Monday) Question 1 You are required to write a C++ program that indicates Linked List : a) Create a structure “model”. This structure basically has members of model name, model height, model weight, model ethnic. The data which will store the information and second is node *next which will hold the address of the next node. b) Create a structure “node”. This structure has all the model data and node pointer that will carry the model informations from structure model. c) Insert 4 data of models named, Heidi, Zoey, Alexis and Lisa that carries informations of the their heights, weights and ethnic into the nodes. Declare the first node and the last node as NULL. d) Print out the data of the models that include all the informations added as shown in the example below: TOP MODELS: Name: Heidi Height: 170 Weight: 50 Ethnic: Caucasian TOP MODELS: Name: Heidi Height:...
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...needs to be effective, such as that the algorithm can be done to its precise steps and done in a finite length of time, computer programming language independent. Input means that the algorithm has zero or more...
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...What is a non-linear datastructure? A non-linear datastrucutre is a datastructure in which the data items in the memory are not allocated contiguously i.e. the data items are dispersed in the memory. The first data item will have a link to the second data item and second data item will have a link to the third data item and so on. Pros • Uses memory efficiently that the free contiguous memory in not an requirement for allocating data items • The length of the data items is not necessary to be known prior to allocation Cons • Overhead of the link to the next data item Linked list: linked list a data structure which stores data in the form of nodes.It does not require linear memory as arrays. Each node contains a data part and a pointer part(a pointer to the next data in the list) link or node is object of a class.there are so many types of linked list 1) single linked list 2)doubly linked list 3)circular linked list. single linked list: here links contains pointer to first data and last data in the list.As said earlier a pointer to the next data. example of a linked list: class node{// all nodes will be the objects of this class public int data; public link next_node;//a pointer to next data } public node(int data){ this.data=data; }//end of constructor public void showdata(){ System.out.println("data= "+data); } }//end of class node After defining class for each node we need to define a class for link list. Link list contains a pointer to...
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...Introduction Dark pools are a complex topic subject to misunderstanding amongst the broad public, media, and government regulators. To help provide a better perspective, we discuss the evolution of equity markets that led to the development of electronic trading, dark pools, and current market structure. We move on to analyze dark pools and their overall impact on trading. We then discuss further aspects of dark pools in particular, and consider regulation and global trends in market structure. Historical Perspective on Equity Markets The first modern equity market was established in the Netherlands in 1610 with the publically traded shares of the Dutch East India Company. Financial transactions had taken place since the dawn of civilization, but 1610 was a milestone towards the development of the equity markets we know today. Because equity securities represent transferable ownership interests in corporations, dividing business organizations into small, affordable pieces made it easier for entrepreneurs to raise capital from multiple sources. At the same time, limited liability allowed investors to diversify their investments without fear of incurring risk of personal accountability. Enhanced liquidity also eased transfer of ownership. Secondary markets for the securities of public firms quickly developed as the number of companies increased. Merchants and traders bought and sold securities just like other commodities, and specialization soon flourished. Stock exchanges...
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...IT and International Real-Time Media: Amplifier for a Crisis or Instrument of Rational Decision-Taking Narelle Gomes, Christian Piechorowski 09.01.2014 Table of contents: 1.1 Information technology’s impact in the development of the stock exchange 1.2 Algorithmic trading 1.3 High frequency trading 1.4 High frequency; trading beneficial or harmful for the economy? 1.5 Final Remarks 2.1 The Influential Role of Mass Media - The Pervasiveness of the information disseminated on the people 2.2 Financial Crisis- A media spectacle? 2.3 The mishaps of European Media during the current Euro crisis 2.3.1 The alternative view of the media; Citizens mistrust towards the media 2.3.2 The wavering power of mainstream amidst its pervasiveness 3. Conclusion Introduction Problem Description: The world financial crisis started in the US with the burst of the housing bubble in 2007. However, it was not just limited to the US border, but it rapidly spread all over the world. Consequently, many banks went bankrupt and some countries were even pushed into a financial downturn. Target of Study: This essay will not provide a general outlook on the financial crisis but instead examines the impact of the Real time media and IT on this economic crisis of historic scale. How important...
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...Contents HFT 2 Market Microstructure Review 4 Types of Equity Markets 4 Dark Pool 5 News 5 HFT High frequency trading – grown to account for 20-30% of the volume on the exchanges. Low – latency hardware strategically placed as close as possible to exchange data centers. HFT – defined by trading where speed matters. Subset of HFT by TMX program – ELP (electronic liquidity provider) Today, typical high frequency systems are interpreting and reacting to market data in microseconds. High Frequency Group | Specific Strategy | Market making | *passive rebate arbitrage, exchanges provide incentives to liquidity providers by paying for passive order flowHigh frequency trading strategies that involves placing an order to sell (or offer) or buy a limit order (or bid) in order to earn a bid-ask spread. | | Ticker tape trading – by observing flow of quotes, high frequency machines are able to extract information that has not yet crossed the news screens. Since all quote and volume information is public, fully complaint with regulatory laws | Latency Arbitrage | Interlisted arbitrage – strategy that attempts to buy and sell the same security btw. domiciles. Eg. buying Potash corp in Canada and selling it in the U.S.Intra-listed arbitrage – strategy that attempts to buy and sell the same security btw. domestic marketplaces. Eg. Buying POT on BATS and selling it on NYSE | Information Arbitrage | Index arbitrage – strategy that attempts to profit from mispricing...
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...ABSTRACT Online Analytical Processing is a powerful framework for the analysis of organizational data. OLAP is often supported by a logical structure known as a data cube, a multidimen- sional data model that offers an intuitive array-based per- spective of the underlying data. Supporting efficient index- ing facilities for multi-dimensional cube queries is an issue of some complexity. In practice, the difficulty of the in- dexing problem is exacerbated by the existence of attribute hierarchies that sub-divide attributes into aggregation layers of varying granularity. In this paper, we present a hierar- chy and caching framework that supports the efficient and transparent manipulation of attribute hierarchies within a parallel ROLAP environment. Experimental results verify that, when compared to the non-hierarchical case, very little overhead is required to handle streams of arbitrary hierar- chical queries. Categories and Subject Descriptors H.2.7.b [Database Management]: Data Warehouse and Repository; H.2.2.a [DatabaseManagement]: AccessMeth- ods General Terms Algorithms Design Performance Keywords Hierarchies, Caching, Data Cubes, Aggregation, Indexing, OLAP, Granularity, Materialization, Parallelization 1. INTRODUCTION Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) has become an im- portant component of contemporary Decision Support Sys- tems (DSS). Central to OLAP is the data cube, a multidi- mensional data model that presents an intuitive cube-like Permission...
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...High-Frequency Trading Remi Charpin MBA student BADM 580 June 28, 2010 Prepared for Professor Charles Alvis Financial Markets Seminar Table of Contents List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Background Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Discussion of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Key Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pros. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...measures, trying to offer new perspectives and deliver solution proposals. Our main results are: HFT is a technical means to implement established trading strategies. HFT is not a trading strategy as such but applies the latest technological advances in market access, market data access and order routing to maximize the returns of established trading strategies. Therefore, the assessment and the regulatory discussion about HFT should focus on underlying strategies rather than on HFT as such. HFT is a natural evolution of the securities markets instead of a completely new phenomenon. There is a clear evolutionary process in the adoption of new technologies triggered by competition, innovation and regulation. Like all other technologies, algorithmic trading (AT)...
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...ATMonitor Commentary September 2011 Issue Fragmentation of Liquidity www.atmonitor.co.uk Fragmentation of Liquidity ATMonitor Commentary Foreword This is not an academic paper on theoretical discussions but rather a series of practical questions and answers that members of MyATMonitor have asked and industry experts answered. Our primary goal is to bring knowledge that will be useful to traders on the buy side. In fact, this philosophy is well reflected in the very heart of MyATMonitor, a reliable, independent and trusted peer-group network of and for buy-side only institutional traders. This publication has been compiled from ongoing Q&A activity on the MyATMonitor Expert Panels. At the time of publication, the Expert Panels on MyATMonitor are Dark Pools, Commission Sharing Arrangements, EMS/OMS Relationships, Fragmentation of Liquidity, MiFID II and Transaction Cost Analysis and Best Execution. The ATMonitor team would like to thank all members and experts that have generously contributed to the success of MyATMonitor. ATMonitor Team. www.atmonitor.co.uk 2 Fragmentation of Liquidity ATMonitor Commentary Experts Panellists (in the order of appearance): Steve Grob Director of Group Strategy, Fidessa Steve is responsible for Fidessa’s strategic development.This includes the development of new geographic markets and strategic partnerships and driving new industry initiatives. As part of this Steve heads up the firm’s strategy in response to the fragmentation...
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...CSC 435 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ALGORITHM GROUP THREE(3) ASSIGNMENT THE KOLMOGOROV COMPLEXITY ALGORITHM Computer Science: FMS/0704/11 FMS/0707/11 FMS/0720/11 FMS/0721/11 FMS/0728/11 Computing-with-Accounting: FMS/0818/11 FMS/0643/11 FMS/0749/11 FMS/0722/11 FMS/0729/11 FMS/0741/11 FMS/0829/11 FMS/0784/11 FMS/0812/11 FMS/0652/11 Kolmogorov complexity In algorithmic information theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity (also known as descriptive complexity, Kolmogorov–Chaitin complexity, algorithmic entropy, or program-size complexity) of an object, such as a piece of text, is a measure of the computability resources needed to specify the object. It is named after Andrey Kolmogorov, who first published on the subject in 1963. For example, consider the following two strings of 32 lowercase letters and digits: abababababababababababababababab 4c1j5b2p0cv4w1x8rx2y39umgw5q85s7 The first string has a short English-language description, namely "ab 16 times", which consists of 11 characters. The second one has no obvious simple description (using the same character set) other than writing down the string itself, which has 32 characters. More formally, the complexity of a string is the length of the shortest possible description of the string in some fixed universal description language (the sensitivity of complexity relative to the choice of description language is discussed below)...
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...Jackson Park Road, L606, Portland, OR 97239, USA 3 University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 4 Center for Neuropharmacology & Neuroscience, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA ABSTRACT An algorithmic information theoretic method is presented for object-level summarization of meaningful changes in image sequences. Object extraction and tracking data are represented as an attributed tracking graph (ATG), whose connected subgraphs are compared using an adaptive information distance measure, aided by a closed-form multi-dimensional quantization. The summary is the clustering result and feature subset that maximize the gap statistic. The notion of meaningful summarization is captured by using the gap statistic to estimate the randomness deficiency from algorithmic statistics. When applied to movies of cultured neural progenitor cells, it correctly distinguished neurons from progenitors without requiring the use of a fixative stain. When analyzing intra-cellular molecular transport in cultured neurons undergoing axon specification, it automatically confirmed the role of kinesins in axon specification. Finally, it was able to differentiate wild type from genetically modified thymocyte cells. Index Terms: Algorithmic information theory, Algorithmic statistics, Information distance, Gap statistic, Clustering. Various portions of this research were supported by the Center for Subsurface Sensing and Imaging Systems, under the Engineering Research Centers Program...
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