...Declaration of Alma-Ata International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978 The International Conference on Primary Health Care, meeting in Alma-Ata this twelfth day of September in the year Nineteen hundred and seventy-eight, expressing the need for urgent action by all governments, all health and development workers, and the world community to protect and promote the health of all the people of the world, hereby makes the following Declaration: I The Conference strongly reaffirms that health, which is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, is a fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide social goal whose realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to the health sector. II The existing gross inequality in the health status of the people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries is politically, socially and economically unacceptable and is, therefore, of common concern to all countries. III Economic and social development, based on a New International Economic Order, is of basic importance to the fullest attainment of health for all and to the reduction of the gap between the health status of the developing and developed countries. The promotion and protection of the health of the people is essential to sustained economic...
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...Equity[edit] The declaration highlighted the inequity between the developed and the developing countries and termed it politically, socially and economically unacceptable. Health as a socio-economic issue and as a human right[edit] The third section called for economic and social development as a pre-requisite to the attainment of health for all. It also declared positive effects on economic and social development and on world peace through promotion and protection of health of the people. Participation of people as a group or individually in planning and implementing their health care was declared as a human right and duty. Role of the state[edit] This section emphasized on the role of the state in providing adequate health and social measures. This section enunciated the call for "Health for All" which became a campaign of the WHO in the coming years. It defined Health for All as the attainment by all peoples of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. The declaration urged governments, international organizations and the whole world community to take this up as a main social target in the spirit of social justice. Primary health care and components[edit] This section defined primary health care and urged signatories to incorporate the concept of primary health care in their health systems. Primary health care has since been adopted by many member nations. More recently, Margaret Chan...
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...provision of health services. Several policies have been implemented in this direction. Our present work focuses on the primary health care concept that became the basis for the WHO following the Alma Ata Declaration (1978) that should lead to the goal of health for all. First, we discuss the similarities between models of primary health care described by Carl Taylor and those described by other authors, and then identify the other models described in the literature. Analysis of Carl Taylor on PHC: similitude and contrast Carl Taylor identifies in its analysis on primary health care, four approaches: Community-Oriented Primary health care (COPHC), the Alma Ata Declaration, the Community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and seed-scale. - COPHC: This is an approach that is divided into four phases: the definition and characterization of the community identify health problems of the community, the development of interventions and monitoring the impact of interventions. It is an approach developed from Kark’s experience conducted in South Africa (“Pholela”) and was also presented by Henry Perry in his bibliography. There is a similarity between this approach and the actions of the NGO "SEARCH" and "Tiyatien health". - Alma Ata: Carl Taylor is one of the actors of the conference of Alma Ata whose spirit is to provide “essential health care based on practical,scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families...
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...provision of health services. Several policies have been implemented in this direction. Our present work focuses on the primary health care concept that became the basis for the WHO following the Alma Ata Declaration (1978) that should lead to the goal of health for all. First, we discuss the similarities between models of primary health care described by Carl Taylor and those described by other authors, and then identify the other models described in the literature. Analysis of Carl Taylor on PHC: similitude and contrast Carl Taylor identifies in its analysis on primary health care, four approaches: Community-Oriented Primary health care (COPHC), the Alma Ata Declaration, the Community-based primary health care (CBPHC) and seed-scale. - COPHC: This is an approach that is divided into four phases: the definition and characterization of the community identify health problems of the community, the development of interventions and monitoring the impact of interventions. It is an approach developed from Kark’s experience conducted in South Africa (“Pholela”) and was also presented by Henry Perry in his bibliography. There is a similarity between this approach and the actions of the NGO "SEARCH" and "Tiyatien health". - Alma Ata: Carl Taylor is one of the actors of the conference of Alma Ata whose spirit is to provide “essential health care based on practical,scientifically sound and socially acceptable methods and technology made universally accessible to individuals and families...
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...TEXTOS SELECCIONADOS (L.Polo) * QUIEN ES EL HOMBRE (1991) Pues bien, hay que sentar la tesis siguiente: el hombre es un ser capaz de crecimiento irrestricto, un ser que nunca acaba de crecer. Ciertos tipos de crecimiento dan de sí hasta cierto punto - el crecimiento orgánico se acaba, la formación de los circuitos neuronales también; tales crecimientos no son irrestrictos -, pero el hombre en cuanto tal es capaz de crecer sin coto. Por eso para el hombre vivir es radicalmente, principalmente, crecer, y eso señala la medida en que es ético. Por lo tanto, por contraste, quien no realiza lo ético se empobrece, se estropea, pierde el tiempo que ha transcurrido mientras los acontecimientos de su vida han tenido lugar. Ahora bien, como ganancia de tiempo, el crecimiento es irrestricto, pero no indefinido, pues ganar tiempo es incompatible con un tiempo sin fin. El crecimiento humano es irrestricto hasta que termina su tiempo. La consideración del crecimiento permite aparecer del modo más ajustado un tema antropológico muy importante: el tema de la muerte. No es un asunto fácil; tiene sus complicaciones; no es la mera extinción biológica: eso sería demasiado trivial. Hay dos maneras de morir. La primera es morir porque uno es mortal, o sea, porque el tiempo humano termina. Normalmente uno se muere, a no ser que antes se acabe la historia. Pero también se puede morir como un imbécil. El que ha procurado ejercer éticamente su existir, no se puede decir que muera como un imbécil...
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...|DIÁLOGOS DE PLATÓN – RESUMEN | Dialogo I En este primer dialogo se habla principalmente de polis que fue la unidad social última del antiguo mundo griego: y que a tal centro de población vinieron a someterse a incorporarse después las aldeas circunvecinas. El vínculo original de los que constituyeron la polis debió de ser tribal, de sangre o parentesco, referido a un héroe ancestral, y efectivamente en todas partes quedaron instituciones y usos conformados con ese origen. Pero, en Atenas y en otros sitios, al correr del tiempo y sus azares, sintieron los ciudadanos la comunidad de habitación y de vida como rasgo capital de su unión. La estructura de la polis o ciudad-estado se vio favorecida por la disposición del territorio helénico, que cordilleras y golfos distribuían en pequeñas comarcas, y por la grata y sencilla creencia, recogida por Aristóteles, de que la comunidad política exige el conocimiento mutuo de todos sus miembros, sobrevive al imperio macedónico y a la constitución del romano y llega hasta el siglo II de nuestra era para resucitar en gran parte durante la Edad Media y alcanzar el umbral de la época contemporánea. La diferencia entre la polis y el Estado o nación actual es fundamentalmente cuantitativa, no cualitativa. De ahí el interés que para nosotros tiene cuanto sobre ella se discurrió y compuso...
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...metafóricamente como la acción de ir más allá y de escalar en el marco del tiempo-espacio, haciendo referencia a la superación que logra el individuo ante alguna limitación, es decir, en pocas palabras, se trata de sobresalir. Las personas pueden logar una trascendencia de manera perjudicial o benefactora dentro de una sociedad. Y a su vez, los individuos y las culturas trascienden a distintas escalas espacio-temporales, ya sea a nivel mundial (ser recordado siglos después aún de su muerte), o bien, puede ser dentro de un grupo selecto y cercano (así como las personas que rodean a un individuo). Mientras tanto, el espíritu es entendido como la esencia del ser humano, invisible pero presente en todo momento. Se puede traducir como el alma, a la cual se le atribuyen los sentimientos, la personalidad y ciertos valores. Aun cuando el cuerpo físico del humano y el intelecto son relevantes para el desarrollo de un individuo, el espíritu es el que debería guiar sus acciones. De ahí la raíz de su importancia. Constantemente se dice que alguien con buen espíritu es alguien de buenos sentimientos. Por lo tanto, en estos casos, el bien se reflejará en la sociedad, beneficiándola de manera directa o indirecta según sea su acción. Si se le otorga una importancia particular al espíritu, el individuo dejará una huella marcada y buena en los demás, es decir, trascenderá a lo largo del tiempo debido a sus acciones conducidas por su...
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...principios buddhistas acerca de ésta. Se dice que a través de la transmigración una persona recibe lo que se merece de acuerdo a los actos cometidos en sus vidas pasadas, es decir, si practicó cosas buenas, tendrá felicidad mientras que si practicó la maldad, ya sea física, verbal o mentalmente, sufrirá y sentirá mucho dolor en su siguiente vida. Esto va ligado directamente con el Karma, todo lo que uno hace, lo va a pagar en algún momento. Esta creencia se ha convertido en un tipo de ley en la India, por ello, los buddisthas tratan de terminar con este ciclo de llamada “serie de conciencias” a través de actos que contribuyan a su “Liberación”, es decir, su última reencarnación. Por otro lado, los hindúes no creen en la existencia de un “alma eterna, individual y única” sino en una “serie de conciencias” que siguen una misma línea, es decir, están ligadas por algún motivo; por esta razón, la gente de oriente es negativa pues cada reencarnación les trae amargura, es ahí cuando nace el deseo de lograr la liberación y llegar al nirvana, que se consideraría el término de la última conciencia. Pero, lograr llegar a él conlleva el realizar excesivos méritos y buenas acciones durante todas las transmigraciones, sería como la acumulación de todas ellas. El texto también cita a ciertos grupos hindúes que no comparten estas creencias, entre ellos están “los materialistas” que afirman que la vida(conciencia) termina con la muerte, mientras que otro grupo dice que sin importar si la persona...
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...su mente a Dios de manera maravillosa. Así mismo, solía escuchar la divina palabra con gran entusiasmo, y con una modestia tal, que dejaba encantados a cuantos lo veían. Se distinguió por un tierno amor a los pobres, y llevaba a su casa a los que se encontraba, para compartir con ellos lo que tenía para su propia subsistencia. Era un niño de excepcional piedad. Desde su infancia se decidió a renunciar a todo lo superfluo, así como practicar grandes mortificaciones, y, desde temprana edad, adoptó el hábito de ayunar tres días a la semana, miércoles, viernes y sábados. Cuando creció añadió también los lunes. Durante esos cuatro días solo comía una vez por día, a base de pan y agua. Oración: ¡Oh glorioso Taumaturgo y Protector de las almas del purgatorio, San Nicolás de Tolentino! Con todo el...
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...14 de Abril de 2014 Ante todo nuestro más cordial y respetuoso saludo en el nombre del Dios de los Cielos, aquel que nos sustenta y nos cuida como Padre amoroso. Estimado hermano: , el motivo de esta carta es para agradecer cada uno de sus esfuerzos y aportes que hace para los pastores y misioneros en Cuba, nunca piense que es poco o que no es tenido en cuenta ni valorado el sacrificio que usted hace, desde acá apreciamos mucho sus esfuerzos, sabemos que se está usted privando de su economía y que por amor a los que sirven ganando almas para Dios hace usted puntualmente sus aportes. Yo soy la persona receptora de esta economía en Cuba y le cuento que soy el encargado de hacer la distribución de lo recibido junto a los Misioneros Gabriel y Maribel Mirabilio, nos encargamos de poner bolsas de comidas en las manos de los siervos de Dios que están en los lugares más difíciles de nuestro país, si usted viera las expresiones de gozo de los rostros de estos obreros, muchos de ellos están en lugares muy olvidados para instancias gubernamentales y para muchas otras y una sencilla bolsa de comida, no solo satisface una necesidad, sino también transmite un mensaje, un mensaje que dice: tienes hermanos que se acuerdan de ti… Dios se acuerda de ti, Él tiene el control de tu vida… así que con esto, usted no solamente está ayudando a satisfacer una necesidad material, usted está transmitiendo un mensaje, un mensaje de esperanza...
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...Justin Paolo F. Segovia IV – Galileo My Valedictory Speech “Good bye to you Alma Matter†Rev. Fr. Ramonclaro G. Mendez, OP, School Director, Mrs. Muñoz, High School Principal, Mrs. Sandra Gratuito, English Teacher, High School Faculty and Non-teaching Staff, distinguished guests, dear parents, fellow graduates, ladies and gentlemen, Good afternoon. I’ve heard a lot of valedictory addresses and usually, if not all the time they struck me as boring and bent out of formalities. All I pray is that you never get bored as I get this chance in my life to talk in the same pedestal as those boring people (hehe) A long time ago, a man once said that it is not the years in a man’s life that matters, but it is the life in his years. My fellow graduates, what does thirteen years of Aquinian education mean to you? Is it just time that has come and gone? Is it the years that have finally come to an end? Or is it more than just that? My brothers and sisters, if that is all what they mean to you, then I am sorry that you have failed to reap the fruits of your labour. These eleven years are filled with more than just months, weeks and days of experience and learning. The last four years I have spent studying in Aquinas with you, my fellow classmates, makes me truly say that I am better than what others say I could be. In fact, we all are, whether we know it or not. As a class, we may have gone through many difficult trials, events that shattered our unity. There...
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...harvest on our part as learners. Indeed, we have pondered this day a new dawn, an evidence of our victory in a battle of four long years through our laurels. We were contenders in the different events in terms of educational afflictions based on the standards of the Department of Education, leading to academic excellence. Finally, we have come to this moment – GRADUATION, the most jubilant and blissful part in pursuing an education. We may not be sure if we can still manage to outdo the tests on the next pace, yet one thing is certain, we are all confident and determined to move ahead. I am of mixed emotions tonight, I tell you –emotions of happiness and sadness. Sadness because of the thought that at this very soon we shall be leaving our Alma Mater and our dear schoolmates. And happiness, of course, because to hold one’s diploma feels like ecstasy, we feel perfectly happy and pleased, for we have undergone numerous trials and we have survived. All we can say now is thank you to our dear parents and teachers, who sacrificed a lot for us. We owe a lot to you. God speed to our classmates and friends. Above all, we thank you dear God, for making our days on this stage of the educational ladder a SUCCESS. We consider this night the most perfect night as it marks a grand celebration of our victory and fame. We cannot repay you but we guarantee to be good throughout our lives as we carry all the...
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...1 Valedictory Address Time strides with leaps and bounds that our six-year stay in this school has finally come to an end. For us graduates parting from our Alma Mater is a nostalgic climax we can never forget. It is here in this school that we are molded. It is here where we met our friends as well as our enemies, shared with joys and laughters, experienced love and sorrows, success and failures and many other changes that occur in our lives. Graduation doesn't mean triumph, it implies responsibility and burden to us so we should think of a way to surmount lifes innumerable struggle to build a better tomorrow. We should think that graduation does not hold a complete bright promise. It grims along a few grim prospects, fear of the uncertain future. It is not the end of struggle but a prelude to an even tougher competition that is the battle to survive in the real world. It is then imperative that we arm ourselves for this battle while still we can. We should strive hard to make good with our studies. We should aim high for there is no plave in this world for under achievers. This is for us graduates for we still have the choice. There is no turning back for us. We have to face the world that awaits us and see for ourselves what it holds in store. Graduation day is therefore a mixture of happiness and sadness It is the most awaited moment for all of us. After all the hardships and struggles we had experienced, the six years of endeavors is almost over without...
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...to show how difficult it is to move up in the social ladder. Sometimes hard work isn’t good enough. No matter how hard we would like to believe it, it doesn’t make it true. Now other side to article is that the educational system and literacy in the country only add to the social gridlock. By having no room for movement in school system, there is no room for growth to lower classes and no way to move up. There are some facts given about Ivy League schools, their success and difficulty of acceptance. They have a startling rate of leaders, CEO’s, ect. that graduate from their institutions. The other side to them is that they are unbelievably hard to get into, unless you’re a legacy Being a relative of heir to a well to family that has an alma mater gives you a forty percent chance to be accepted. The authors objection to this is a just cause, but in my opinion an unreasonable one. The world has worked in this way since society has...
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...Southwest Airlines: The Melding of Values, Communication, and Culture Southwest Airlines: The Melding of Values, Communication, and Culture Southwest Airlines states their mission as, “The mission of Southwest Airlines is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride, and Company Spirit” (Southwest Airlines, “Mission”, 2012, para.1). Along with a work environment that is stable with ongoing learning for employees, the company's values espouse to provide the same treatment to their employees as they expect their employees to provide for their customers (Southwest Airlines, “Mission”, 2012, para.1). Apparently a significant part of the airline's continued success that differentiates them from other U.S. airlines is the effort they put into making sure their enacted values align with their espoused values where one of the most important aspects is the communication they continually encourage from top tier managers to the representatives at the front lines (Kelley, 2001, para.1). Because the airline exists in a business sector that is constantly challenged with change across many categories from new regulations to new technologies, the company must maintain a high level of communication to ensure the success of new implementations for the coordinating across functional areas (Kelley, 2001, para.3). Accomplishing the level of communication necessary to keep costs low, and thereby...
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