...UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ALABAMA Last Time Glaciers and Glacial Mechanics • • Types of glaciers (alpine) Formation of glacial ice • Movement of ice GY 301: Geomorphology Lecture 22: Glacial Geomorphology 1: Alpine Glaciers http://www.roberts-1.com/t/s07 Glaciers Glaciers are thick masses of ice that originate on land through the accumulation of snow. Glaciers Glaciers are thick masses of ice that originate on land through the accumulation of snow. Glaciers form through a 3 step process Snow Firn Glacial Ice All that is required is for more snow to fall in the cold winter months than melts in the warm summer months. http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/25/4a/ee/in-the-mountains-above.jpg http://www.ig.utexas.edu Alpine Glaciers Alpine or Valley Glaciers (Zone of Accumulation; Zone of Wasting/Ablation, Calving,) Ice Movement Ice moves down slope from the zone of accumulation to the zone of ablation due to a combination of plastic flow and basal slip. http://www.scienceclarified.com/images/uesc_05_img0282.jpg http://stloe.most.go.th/html/lo_index/LOcanada3/305/images/5_2.jpg http://nevis.k12.mn.us/academics/science/glacier_hor_profile1.jpg 1 Ice Movement Ice moves down slope from the zone of accumulation to the zone of ablation due to a combination of plastic flow and basal slip. Slip Geological Effects of Glaciers Ice exerts tremendous erosive force on bedrock forming unique geomorphologic features and transporting...
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...Skiing or Snowboarding? Skiing and snowboarding are both great activities to enjoy during the winter months. Not only do they offer a nice leisure experience, but they are both beneficial to your health as they are both excellent forms of exercise for whatever skill level you may be. Deciding which activity to partake in should be thought with care and consideration. They are both costly activities but can result in a generous payoff for a person’s mind and body. When deciding which winter sport to participate in, first consider the various similarities and differences between skiing and snowboarding. As with any other sport or hobby, the equipment used is a decision to consider. Skiing involves a pair of skis appended to boots by the way of bindings that clip in and the use of two poles to help keep balance. A person’s body is positioned facing forward with feet straight ahead, facing the front. Snowboarding on the other hand uses a single board which is attached to a person’s feet using special boots and bindings facing sideways with the body perpendicular to the direction of movement. The stance is an important factor when deciding which sport to participate in due to the abundant varieties of skiing and snowboard positions. The rider must determine which position feels the most comfortable for the direction in which an individual’s body faces as this is a primary aspect of both activities. Some other factors to consider are the basics of the sport, such...
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...ski lift system. It is more common for ski areas to exist well away from towns, and the term ski area is used for a destination area, often purpose-built and self-contained (naturally), where skiing is the main activity at that areas. Ski areas refer to commercial ski fields operated by clubs or companies, be they downhill, cross-country or Nordic, as well as their associated facilities. Sometime that area can be indoor area designed and developed to skiing from a commercial perspective like what we find at Australia called IN2SKI (http://in2ski.com.au/) which is an indoor ski slope, and offers more than 30 sliding activities including skiing, boarding, air boarding, tubing and sledging. There is also an indoor ice rink next to an indoor Alpine street complete with shops and restaurants. Figure ( ): Indoor & outdoor ski area Number of ski areas very specific indicator and closed to our company products which will reflect how much our competitors and other related businesses concentrate on skiing and snowboarding sports and it will give us a clear...
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...ELAN ˝GO TO MARKET STRATEGY˝ TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Five-steps analysis of Elan 4 Step 1: TARGET MARKETS 4 Step 2: TARGET CUSTOMER 6 Step 2.1: ONLINE SURVEY 7 Step 2.2: CUSTOMER PROFILE EXAMPLE based on online survey and analysis of the Elan skis: 13 Step 3: BRAND POSITIONING 14 Step 4: OFFERING 14 Step 5: CHANNELS 15 2. BUSINESS IDEAS: 18 2.1 SHORT TERM 18 2.1.1 ˝OLD FOR NEW˝ 18 2.1.2 PROMOTION VIDEOS 18 2.1.3 OUTDOOR EVENTS WITH SPORT CELEBRITIES 19 2.1.4 ELAN COMPETITION DAY 20 2.2 LONG TERM 21 2.2.1 PARTNERSHIPS WITH SKI RESORTS 21 2.2.2 RENTING STORES 22 2.2.3 ELAN SKI SCHOOL / ELAN SKI JUMP SCHOOL / ELAN SKI CROSS SCHOOL 22 2.2.4 COLLABORATION WITH PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SLOVENIA 23 2.2.5 FUTURE SKIS 23 2.2.6 PARTNERSHIP WITH SKI TRAVEL AGENCIES 23 3. FUTURE TRENDS 25 4. ATTACHEMENT 27 1. Five-steps analysis of Elan Step 1: TARGET MARKETS In 2014, the world ski market was spread around 80 countries, with more than 2 000 ski resorts. It is estimated that the skiers are spread upon Asia and Pacific- with 20% of market share, America with 19%, Western Europe with the third biggest share-27% and Eastern Europe and Central Asia with 16%. On the last places are Alps with 18% of total share and other with 1%. Seven countries are ranked on the top of ski market share, which are The United State, France, Japan, Switzerland, Canada and Italy. The current ski market is estimated at some 65-70 million skiers around the...
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...PRE-TEST: 1. Read “The Importance of Rites,” from Myths to Live By, by Joseph Campbell. 2. Evaluate this brief essay in terms of internal criteria by judging whether, or to what extent it is coherent. Specify in detail why you think it is either coherent or incoherent. In the essay, “The Importance of Rites,” Myths to Live By, by Joseph Campbell is a moderately incoherent. A coherent communication should be very clear, and each paragraph should follow through on the main topic, but this essay does not. The author strays from his topic statement where he states his opinion that the function of ritual is to give form to human life, not in the way of what is on the surface, but what lies inside. The author further explains that in ancient times, social occasions were eminently organized and the inner makings were of a religious tone. Campbell further compares those times with the present and states that what is within us is of the utmost importance. The author shares this information in the first paragraph of this essay. Unfortunately, as we continue to read this communication, it is evident that there is little consistency or coherency in in the remaining paragraphs starting with the second paragraph where the author states comparisons of different animal species, with no recollection of his original point. The paragraphs that follow, skips back and forth between structures of rituals, human behaviors, religious beliefs, and other non-essential topics with no relative...
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...ELAN ˝GO TO MARKET STRATEGY˝ Group members: Laura Sešek 19553905, Mateja Pirnat 19554965, Vito Petan 19553657, Tilen Lenarčič 19537762, Dejan Lukić 19538765 Ljubljana, 28/05/2015 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Five-steps analysis of Elan 4 Step 1: TARGET MARKETS 4 Step 2: TARGET CUSTOMER 6 Step 2.1: ONLINE SURVEY 7 Step 2.2: CUSTOMER PROFILE EXAMPLE based on online survey and analysis of the Elan skis: 13 Step 3: BRAND POSITIONING 14 Step 4: OFFERING 14 Step 5: CHANNELS 15 2. BUSINESS IDEAS: 18 2.1 SHORT TERM 18 2.1.1 ˝OLD FOR NEW˝ 18 2.1.2 PROMOTION VIDEOS 18 2.1.3 OUTDOOR EVENTS WITH SPORT CELEBRITIES 19 2.1.4 ELAN COMPETITION DAY 20 2.2 LONG TERM 21 2.2.1 PARTNERSHIPS WITH SKI RESORTS 21 2.2.2 RENTING STORES 22 2.2.3 ELAN SKI SCHOOL / ELAN SKI JUMP SCHOOL / ELAN SKI CROSS SCHOOL 22 2.2.4 COLLABORATION WITH PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN SLOVENIA 23 2.2.5 FUTURE SKIS 23 2.2.6 PARTNERSHIP WITH SKI TRAVEL AGENCIES 23 3. FUTURE TRENDS 25 4. ATTACHEMENT 27 1. Five-steps analysis of Elan Step 1: TARGET MARKETS In 2014, the world ski market was spread around 80 countries, with more than 2 000 ski resorts. It is estimated that the skiers are spread upon Asia and Pacific- with 20% of market share, America with 19%, Western Europe with the third biggest share-27% and Eastern Europe and Central Asia with 16%. On the last places are Alps with 18% of total share and other with 1%. Seven countries are ranked on the top of...
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...Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014: 24: e180–e187 doi: 10.1111/sms.12120 © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Relationship between jump landing kinematics and peak ACL force during a jump in downhill skiing: A simulation study D. Heinrich1,2, A. J. van den Bogert3,4, W. Nachbauer1 Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, 2Centre of Technology of Ski and Alpine Sports, Innsbruck, Austria, 3Orchard Kinetics LLC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Corresponding author: Dieter Heinrich, Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. Tel.: +43 512 507 4467, Fax: +43 512 507 2656, E-mail: dieter.heinrich@uibk.ac.at 1 Accepted for publication 8 August 2013 Recent data highlight that competitive skiers face a high risk of injuries especially during off-balance jump landing maneuvers in downhill skiing. The purpose of the present study was to develop a musculo-skeletal modeling and simulation approach to investigate the cause-andeffect relationship between a perturbed landing position, i.e., joint angles and trunk orientation, and the peak force in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during jump landing. A two-dimensional musculo-skeletal model was developed and a baseline simulation was obtained reproducing measurement data of a reference landing movement. Based on the baseline simulation, a series...
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...Strength & Conditioning Association, 26, 6, 1496-504. Hoffman, M. D., & Clifford, P. S. (1992). Physiological aspects of competitive cross-country skiing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 10, 1, 3-27. Lamb, D. R., Knuttgen, H. G., Murray, R., & Gatorade Sports Science Institute Scientific Conference. (1994). Physiology and nutrition for competitive sport. Carmel, IN: Cooper Pub. Group. Losnegard, T., Myklebust, H., & Hallén, J. (2012). Anaerobic capacity as a determinant of performance in sprint skiing. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44, 4, 673-81. Rusko, H. (2008). Physiology of Cross Country Skiing. 1-31. Scheiber, P., Seifert, J., & Müller, E. (2012). Relationships between biomechanics and physiology in older, recreational alpine skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 22, 1, 49-57. ...
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...San Vigilio has been organizing ski races for the European Cup since 2009. This major event has been held this year on December 21 and was a great success for San Vigilio and the organizing committee. This year's race was spectacular for skiers as well as for the numerous spectators that filled the tribunes. The skiers had to compete in a parallel slalom, which means that both athletes race head to head and the winner advances to the next round. It was a difficult task for the skiers because they had to race by night and because the course was fast and demanded a lot of skill. The lucky winner got the price money in the amount of two thousand euros. This year the best skier came from Sweden and his name is Pietilae Holmner Johan. This event is important for the town because it brings a lot of people to San Vigilio. Everyone in town is profiting from the race. The hotels are happy to host the guests that come to see the race and the event is great advertisement as well. The reason why San Vigilo is hosting the European Cup is because the main goal is to bring a World Cup race into town. San Vigilio has already all the facilities to organize such a great event and the slopes are also World Cup standard. The main task for the organizing committee is to prove year by year that they are ready to take the next step and to host a World Cup ski race. The people who organize the race work professionally and with a lot of pride. One day in the near future we could see world class athletes...
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...In the Dillworth v. Gambardella, 776 F. Supp. 170 (D. Vt. 1991) is a case where the Plaintiff sues a skier that feel and thereby knocking down the plaintiff who feel and injured his back. The jury came back with a defendant verdict and the plaintiff files a motion for a new trial on the grounds that the court made an error in instructing the jury as to the Vermont Sports Injury Statute and its relation to the doctrine of assumption of risk and the applications to this case. The appellate court denied their motion for a new trial and stated “that the sports injury statute applied to participants in any sport.” The Assumption of Risk doctrine states that “when a risk or danger is obvious such that it is widely known by reasonable people under the particular circumstances and necessary such that it is impossible or unreasonably difficult or expensive to eliminate, the person engaged in the dangerous activity assumes those obvious and necessary risks,” such as with the risks of falling in downhill skiing and risk that when done in groups other skiers will fall. The plaintiff in attempt to appeal stated that the assumption of risk only applied to the ski resort operators and their actions not that of other skiers, and that the defendant could be accountable for comparative negligence, as the skier was negligent and that negligence caused the plaintiff’s injuries.The sports injury doctrine, relating to 12 V.S.A. § 1037 “which established that there are inherent dangers...
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...Financial Forecasting: Riverview Community Hospital Alpine Village Clinic is a small walk-in clinic located next to the primary ski area of Alpine Village, a winter resort close to Aspen, Colorado. The clinic specializes in treating injuries sustained while skiing. It is owned and operated by two physicians: James Peterson, an orthopedist, and Amanda Cook, an internist (Gapenski and Pink, 2009). The clinic has an outside accountant who takes care of payroll matters, but Dr. Cook does all the other financial work for the clinic. However, to help in that task, the clinic recently hired a part-time MBA student, Doug Washington. First Bank of Aspen is the primary lender of Alpine Village and due to a forecasted reduction in bank deposits, First Bank has asked each of its commercial loan customers for an estimate of its borrowing requirements for the first half of 2010 (Gapenski and Pink, 2009). Dr. Cook asked Doug to come up with an estimate of the clinic’s line-of-credit requirements to submit at the meeting. A line of credit is a short-term loan agreement by which a bank agrees to lend a business some specified maximum amount. The business can borrow against the credit line at any time it is in force, which typically is no longer than one year. When a line expires, it will have to be renegotiated if it is still needed. The amount borrowed on the line, or some lesser amount, can be repaid at any time, but any amount outstanding must be repaid at expiration (Gapenski and Pink, 2009)...
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...Name Teacher NAme Tom Sims 11 December 2012 ` Ever wonder who revolutionized downhill snow sports? I can tell you that. One day in school Tom Sims was in his 7th grade shop class and he had to do an engineering project and he wanted to make a skateboard that you could use in the snow. If it wasn’t for Tom Sims I don’t know whether or not there would be snowboarding or even skiing. He is the godfather of snowboarding and aggressive downhill skiing. The way he thought of it is when he couldn’t skate in New Jersey in the winter and that frustrated him. So he invented a ski board, which is a snowboard just with a different name. So that winter he had something to use in the winter and then it just hit. He had owned his own skateboarding shop for a while after he got out of school, and Tony Hawk road for his skateboards, but then he wanted to add his invention in 7th grade to his production list. So he tried to get them on their in the late 1970’s but he didn’t have enough money for it so he had to put it off for awhile, but he didn’t tell anyone about it. Because he wanted it to be a surprise. So then in the early 1980’s he put them on his production line and they called “Sims Snowboards”. It was basically a huge hit when he produced them. People loved it, it was Americas next big thing. After the snowboards came along in the mid 1980’s Tom Sims decided he wanted to spice things up with them. So what he did was wanted to make jumps so u could get big air just like if...
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...Typical Norwegians «That is so typical Norwegians», you often hear, but what does it mean? What is special about Norway and the citizens there, and when can you say that you are a truly Norwegian person? Norway is a multicultural country with habits from all over the world. They eat taco, pizza and burgers, and they do yoga and play ice hockey. Even though they play ice hockey and eat taco, they do have some traditions that is typical Norwegians. Norwegians love nature. They are proud of the fjords and the mountain. They like to take a hike in the mountain. Today, the majority of Norwegians lives in the city, however most Norwegians have a cabin, either on the mountain or by the sea. They like to live the simple life and spend time out of the city. In addition, they do use a lot of time on their cabin. Many people celebrate Christmas and Ester, and use most of their vacation at the cabin. Everyone loves food, especially Norwegians. A typical Norwegian family etas taco every Friday and pizza every Saturday, but that is not traditional Norwegian food. In Norway, we have something called “Brunost”, directly translated is means brown chees. “Brunost” is used as increase on bread, often with jam underneath. It is really good! As I said in the beginning; most Norwegians eat pizza every Saturday, but there is one kind of pizza that the Norwegians are well known for, and that is the “Grandiosa”. You can find a “Grandiosa” in every freezer across the country. The “Grandiosa” is...
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...Published in 1959, A Separate Peace by John Knowles follows the friendship of two boys, Gene and Finny, as they transition from adolescence to adulthood in the midst of World War II. However, other students at Devon are deeply affected by the war including a boy named Leper. Leper is a dreamy boy who spends his days contemplating about nature and how certain animals adapt to their surroundings. From his perceptions and observations, he concludes that “everything has to evolve or else it perishes” (125). Through Leper’s transition of character throughout the novel, he proves that beings who cannot evolve eventually perish. Leper’s refusal to play blitzball conveys that he is not interested in the thought of combat or war whatsoever. During the summer session, Finny invents a game called blitzball after criticizing the school’s athletics program. Blitzball is a portmanteau for blitzkrieg, a German word that refers to the attacking armies moving very quickly and overrunning lines of defence with large bursts of force, and ball. Finny also decides that there should not be teams and the only objective is to get the ball past the river. When Gene carries the ball, he spots “Leper Lepellier… loping along outside my perimeter, not noticing the game, tagging along without reason, like a porpoise escorting a passing ship” (38). Most animals are peaceful creatures and only become aggressive if provoked. Leper’s interest in nature is suggested when he is compared to a “porpoise” while...
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...Alpine Village Clinic is a walk-in clinic next to the main ski resort, Alpine Village, near Aspen, Colorado. Alpine Village Clinic specializes in treating ski injuries. The clinic is owned by two physicians, James Peterson, an orthopedist, and Amanda Cook, an internist. Dr. Cook typically does all of the financial work for the clinic; however they recently hired an MBA student named Doug Washington to help with the finances of the clinic. On a Wednesday afternoon in October of 2009, Dr. Cook and Doug learn they need to meet with the primary commercial lender at First Bank of Aspen. Due to forecasted reduction in bank deposits leading to depleted funds available for lending purposes, First Bank asks Alpine Village Clinic for a borrowing requirement estimate for the first half of 2010. Dr. Cook schedules a meeting at the bank for the following Monday and asks Doug to determine and present an estimate of the clinic’s line-of-credit requirements for the meeting. Lines of credit are given to businesses to fulfill temporary cash needs that are not used for permanent long-term financing, and are opened...
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