...History of state and federal prisons The histories of the state and federal prison systems have some connections which both systems has something distinctive. The State is usually operated by the state governments and consists of prisoners that are considered blue collar criminals and the federal systems are mainly associated with white collar criminals. Both prison systems have security levels which include minimum, low, medium, and high levels of security. History of punishment dates back to the origin of various civilizations. The former colonial criminal edicts were a inquisitive blend of English barbarity, religion, and pragmatism. Ever since the beginning of the world people have devised ways to punish individuals who commit offensive and intolerable acts. The idea of prisons however came later and the use of jails and detention methods was seen as more humanitarian process when compared to formal corporal methods to punish an offensive individual. In 1700 century the former philosophy of prison was presented and was accepted widely. In 1790 first ever prison was constructed in United States named as Walnut Street Jail. As the time went by the framework and processes of prison systems were devised and by 1930 The Federal Bureau of Prison was developed by congress that was headed by President Herbert Hoover .The original impartial United States prison was an old army penitentiary at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas and started accommodating offenders in 1895 (Keve,1995). In1880s...
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...are set out in a court by judge and jury. Whether or not the victim of a crime approves is of no consequence to the outcome of this trial. The purpose of incarceration in a prison system has been to rehabilitate and resocialize the criminals so that they can eventually fit into public society. The goal is to make and remold the...
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...Prisons and Jails Prison or jail is probably the last place any of us would want to be. Majority of criminals believe they can get away with different crimes and try to avoid going to prison or jail. With the different crimes that are committed each receives its own punishment. A criminal can commit a crime that is considered a violation of federal statue and depending on the situation and crime committed determines the fact of serving time in a prison or jail. Jails immediate role in corrections is to hold inmates that are awaiting trial, unable to make bail, waiting on a transfer, or serving sentences of a year or less. They also help to rehabilitate the inmate by offering a variety of treatment programs in which the inmate has the option to participate in. Jail has been around for quite sometime and has proven to be successful throughout history, which is way so many exist today. Jail all began with the provision of the Assize of Clarendon of 1166. During this time it was required that all sheriffs in English counties build jails to hold inmates awaiting trial and over time continued to develop with more rules, more security, and growth in population. During this essay I will go over the history of state and federal prisons, point out similarities and differences of security levels with jail, federal, and state prisons, and explain the factors that influences the growth in jail, state, and federal prisons. This will help you gain an understanding...
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...Introduction A major emphasis on the birth rate of U.S. teenagers continues to be a major topic of discussion among citizens within our society. The emphasis appears to be on the increase in adolescent pregnancies, births and abortions resembling indifferent focus on the sexual decisions made by teens. The indecisiveness of teens to make logical sexual decisions draw attention to question the physical/mental health, socioeconomic and educational status and influence of teenagers in making logical decisions regarding their overall sexual, emotional and mental health. Questions associated with understanding the association of teenage problems which often result in major life altering repercussions such as teenage pregnancies, births and abortions resort to executing strategies to mitigate the potential of increased teenage births. The aim of this study is call awareness to how cultural beliefs and differences have a significant impact on the teenagers’ decision in maintaining the pregnancy or choice to abort. Purpose of the Study The objective of this study is to become knowledgeable about teenage pregnancies, circumstances, experiences, and influences within their culture/society which influence their decisions. This study will be geared toward a number of pregnant adolescents who are enrolled full-time at high school. The study will be aimed toward answering the following questions: Who are these students? What are their ethnicity/cultural background? How has their...
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...History of Prisons Auriel LaCour CJA/234 January 31, 2013 Professor Donald Savell History of Punishment All countries have a justice system and correction facility in place for those convicted of crimes and who are threats to society. Cultures and nations have made laws to protect their native citizens from crime over the years these laws have been in enforced maintain civilization in a peaceful and orderly fashion. Punishments were developed in many different forms and were being used to detour criminals however many citizens still were inclined to break the law. The death penalty is common in many regions for extreme crimes. Jails or bastille’s are meant to be for citizens awaiting trial and those convicted of misdemeanor crimes. Jails are normally run by local officials or county sheriff’s departments. Prior to the architecture of accessories accurately advised for apprehension and correctional confinement, trials and punishments were abrupt on the American frontier. Which caused bands to be placed on methods thought to be humiliating and as such happened many states had different logic, beliefs, or moral standards so each created their own legal system. Many people felt the laws were a safe haven and that it protected them. The systems created jobs such as sheriffs, judges, and lawyers. The notion of living with the law made life more civilized as time progressed. The justice system grew to be a major part in society as it developed. Jails had fewer amenities as prisoners...
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...can lead to higher rates of recidivism among these prisoners. Given the accumulated knowledge that the scientific community now has on the long-term effects of solitary confinement, it is clear that this practice raises ethical and practical questions. It will, in the next ten to twenty years, force various states and the federal government to choose whether they want to continue with an inhumane practice that could leave communities with a new danger that has been wholly caused by incarceration policies that some might consider barbaric. In order to understand the situation, one must have a background on the current situation with solitary confinement. It remains a popular practice across the United States, as prisoners are held in prison units that are conveniently coined “maximum security.” Prisoners can be sent to maximum security – or “Supermax” – units for a number of...
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...Skloot, Rebecca. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown Publishers, 2010. Print. In the Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot not only argues her point, but also does a great job at informing and teaching her readers the vast risks prisoners were susceptible to while being used by doctors as human guinea pigs. Skloot makes many references to different potentially deadly diseases that were injected into prisoners for further research. The public’s opinion on this happening was shocking; many thinking it was highly unethical and forceful of the doctors. Skloot makes claims about how prisoners were viewed as vulnerable inmates who were unable to give informed consent. Regardless of how the treatment was viewed, prisons and doctors did what they wanted to do in those days ranging from diseases, to chemical warfare agents, to deterring how X-raying testicles affected sperm count (Skloot 129). Throughout her study of how HeLa cells have expanded, and where they originally came from, Rebecca Skloot stumbles upon many unethical and blatantly abusive periods in this countries past of the exploitation of prisoners rights. De Jong, Greta. Sentenced to Science: One Black Man's Story of Imprisonment in America. The Historian 71.3 (2009): 604+. Academic OneFile. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. In Sentenced to Science: One Black Man's Story of Imprisonment in...
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...The comparison of a person with a college degree and those without over the course of their life monetary wise is close to 1.2 million. I also have a family and how can I ask my kids to attend college if I myself didn’t complete it even when I have the chance. What is your opinion on the Criminal Justice system? Our criminal justice system for one is not the greatest but it is a system. There are a ton of thing that are wrong with it and to fix them seems everyday harder and harder to achieve. For one we need to retool the punishment and for crimes that are not that life threading and be harder on those that are life altering. According to New Renaissance magazine. “America now locks up prisoners at a rate five times greater than most industrialized nations, a rate of incarceration second only to Russia. The number of inmates in state and federal prisons has more than quadrupled, from fewer than 200,000 in 1970 to 948,000 in 1993” (p1 Lozoff). We are placing people in to jails for reason that are senseless, and let those that deserve to be out or off. Example the judge that sentence a teacher to jail for 30 days for raping a student cause she looked older then she was and in his eye she was enjoying are consented to it. Really a 14 older I don’t think that she has to maturity or understand of what happened to her. End result she commits suicide. As a society we need to hold police officer, judges, public safety as a whole accountable for their actions. How can a police officer...
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...dying needlessly. There probably would have little or no remorse for doing so either. Of course the problem with altering evidence is that the attorney could possibly be caught. If that were to happen, the attorney would be the one who ended up in prison. Because of Double Jeopardy, Jane wouldn’t be retried for murder, but the attorney could end up with several years to serve. Would it have been worth it then? Possibly, for knowing that he/she did the right thing, but then their life, children’s lives, family and loved ones would end up suffering. It may be worth it though knowing he/she had saved someone’s life. Egoism – The attorney could look at their actions for forging Jane’s signature as a definite way to free her, thereby enhancing their own career as an attorney. Probably a high profile case, getting Jane off without the worry of getting a guilty criminal off would ease their conscience and build their career at the same time. Conversely, if they get caught, they get disbarred and jailed. Utilitarianism – By forging Jane’s signature and getting her off, she’s one less innocent person who has been jailed unfairly thereby lessening the issue of jail over-crowding. One less prisoner also means less tax payer dollars for local tax payers. Deontology – Jane didn’t do anything wrong and only the wrong circumstances are preventing her from staying out of prison. Especially for paying in cash she was foolish for not have gotten a receipt. She was also irresponsible...
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...Prisons have always been an important integral part of the criminal justice system and the society as a whole. Although, prisons differ between countries and it changes over time. To some extent, the functions of prisons all operate in the same facilities. Not surprisingly, there are two somewhat conflicting debates when it comes to the argument of the effectiveness of prison. Some have argued that prison is a useful institution that does work to prevent reoffending. Whereas, some have argued that prison is an ineffective institution that does not work to prevent reoffending. Yet the question itself has far too many layers to be analysed in order to reach a consensus whether or not prisons are truly fulfilling their purpose. This essay will...
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...The essay that I chose to read was “Facing Poverty with a Rich Girl Habits” by Suki Kim. In this essay the author explains of a life altering experience where her and her family was living a life where money was of no object, a life where they were millionaires. They lived in a hilltop mansion with gorgeous scenery and perks that people of lower financial class were not privy to such as chauffeurs, private school and special aides to assist with homework. The author further explains how her life of luxury takes a dramatic turn. Suki goes into detail about how they lost everything in one quick swoop. Her father’s businesses all failed and were bankrupt. She explains how in her country of South Korea that bankrupts was a crime that was punishable with a jail sentence. In a last ditch effort to avoid him going to prison they fled their country with no money to America. They relocate to Woodside, New York. The realization of her new life shows apparent when she explains how she hated her new brownstone home that they are forced to relocate to. She also takes a moment to introduce us to her first “friends” Andy and Billy. The author then gives the reader the new and different experiences she faces as an immigrant in a brand new place. The young girl who had wealth and opportunity was now no more than another face no special than anyone else. She talks about the racial changes in her life as far as being labeled as Asian and learning that there is a conception that as someone...
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...Mentally Ill in Prison PSCH/610 Mentally Ill in Prison Abstract The increase in incarcerated individuals with mental illness in the preceding decades has made the prison system a prevalent mental health provider even though they are not prepared or equipped for such task. Prison life is tough on an individual’s mental health; overcapacity, lack of privacy, violent behavior, lack of activity, inadequate health services, seclusion from family and friends, and the insecurity of what life holds after prison contribute to the inmate’s mental health. Inmates whose judgment is altered or impaired by depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other severe mental illnesses are impacted more severely by the tribulations of prison life. Inadequate mental health services is also something mentally ill inmates face, this absconds them undertreated or mistreated. Numerous prisoners do not receive proper psychotropic medication due to the lack of mental health services and care, further impairing their capability to function. The security mission of prisons tends to overlook mental health considerations. Prison rules and codes of demeanor teach staff about security, safety, supremacy, and power. Coordinating the needs of the mentally ill with prison regulations and goals is almost impractical. Factors of the sources and effects of the concern between prison and mental illness will be observed in this research proposal. Reforms will be provided to improve mental health...
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...Week 3 Assignment Deutsch, Tina M Walden University Steve Rigg and Richard Caruso were involved with making a significant impact within the prison system by becoming whistle blowers and crossing the “thin green line”. They witnessed brutality at the hands of their peers. Corrections officers were exploiting racial tensions to stage fights between rival gang inmates by placing them in the same small recreational area. The officers were using this tactic as a sport and calling it “gladiator days”, calling the fights like sports announcers. Once they had their fill of excitement, they would needlessly utilize the tower officers to shoot wooden blocks into the crowd to stop the fights. After each shooting, they would then make up or falsify reports of shootings to justify their actions. Other officers would step in to assist in the altering of the report to ensure there was no evidence of wrong doing. All the behavior mentioned are illegal and harmful actions being committed by officers who are expected to fulfill the mission of the California Department of Corrections and its three core values of integrity, justice and accountability(Dryburgh,2009). Rigg and Caruso made several attempts to correct the situation prior to becoming whistle blowers. Because there was confusion with when to engage in using weapons to stop fights, they set up classes to try to clarify the definition of “bodily harm” so that there could be more consistency and understanding of what imminent...
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...can find themselves in the clutches of the adult court system. Once these children enter the adult system, there is a possibility that a myriad of punishments can be received for their crimes. Of these punishments, life without the possibility of parole (LWOP) appears to be the most stringent and the hardest to swallow. According to a Juvenile Life Without Parole Fact Sheet, “A LWOP sentence is the harshest sentence given short of execution. The sentence means that an individual will not be given the opportunity for parole review and is condemned to die in prison” (Citizens for Juvenile Justice, 2008). For some, the idea of having a child spend the rest of their natural lives behind bars for capital and even noncapital crimes can be daunting and unfair. For many young people, they are at the point in their young lives where they are still trying to figure out who they are and they willingly test certain boundaries. Life in prison without parole attempts to snuff out what little life they have just begun to build. However, many would also argue that if you are capable of doing adult crimes and are willing to accept the responsibility of the crime, then you are capable of serving adult time. But with the landmark Supreme Court decision of Roper v. Simmons in 2005, the sentence of death is no longer possible for juveniles under the age of 18. This decision has changed our views about the level of a juvenile’s culpability and our response to such criminal offenses. Instead of facing...
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...AN ACT REVISING THE PENAL CODE AND OTHER PENAL LAWS Act No. 3815 December 8, 1930 The Revised Penal Code of the Philippines Preliminary Article — This law shall be known as "The Revised Penal Code." BOOK ONE GENERAL PROVISIONS REGARDING THE DATE OF ENFORCEMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE, AND REGARDING THE OFFENSES, THE PERSONS LIABLE AND THE PENALTIES Preliminary Title DATE OF EFFECTIVENESS AND APPLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS CODE Article 1. Time when Act takes effect. — This Code shall take effect on the first day of January, nineteen hundred and thirty-two. Art. 2. Application of its provisions. — Except as provided in the treaties and laws of preferential application, the provisions of this Code shall be enforced not only within the Philippine Archipelago, including its atmosphere, its interior waters and maritime zone, but also outside of its jurisdiction, against those who: 1. Should commit an offense while on a Philippine ship or airship 2. Should forge or counterfeit any coin or currency note of the Philippine Islands or obligations and securities issued by the Government of the Philippine Islands;chan robles virtual law library 3. Should be liable for acts connected with the introduction into these islands of the obligations and securities mentioned in the presiding number; 4. While being public officers or employees, should commit an offense in the exercise of their functions; or 5. Should commit any of the crimes against national security and...
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