...win a Senate seat in 2013. But clearly, he expected no other reward than being happy to serve others. Now the call is for everyone to be a Robredo. How many Filipinos are capable of heeding it? I am optimistic that the potential number is large, based on some data about Filipino altruism, recorded in the World Values Survey (WVS) of 2001. Altruism in the Philippines, 2001. The WVS-2001 had a battery of questions as to how important were several matters in the lives of the respondents. Of seven matters tested, the three with the highest percentages calling it Very Important in their lives were “family” (99), “work” (94) and “religion” (87). In the middle of the seven matters was “serving others,” which 57 percent of Filipino adults called Very Important. Such Filipinos are altruists. There is no doubt that Jesse Robredo was one of them. The three other matters in the battery, with lower percentages calling them Very Important, were “friends” (37), “politics” (22), and “leisure time” (15). Aside from the 57 percent altruistic, another 37 percent called serving others Rather Important, and 6 percent called it Not Very or Not At All Important, in their lives. Filipino altruism is similar across age, sex, social class, and geographic area groups. I notice, though, that Muslim Filipinos are more altruistic (71 percent) than Christian Filipinos, Catholic or otherwise. Happiness in the Philippines, 2001. WVS-2001 also found 38 percent of Filipino adults feeling...
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...Mayville Jr. 1. Is Rand correct in saying that if you accept altruism, then you end up with a lack of self-esteem and a lack of respect for others? I would have to disagree with Rand’s saying “that if you accept altruism, then you end up with a lack of self-esteem and a lack of respect for others. The dictionary definitions for altruism is “the principle or practice of unselfish concern for or devotion to the welfare of others (opposed to egoism )” or “the philosophical doctrine that right action is that which produces the greatest benefit to others.” You would have to have self-esteem to think you were worthy to perform an act of selflessness. Say you came upon an accident on the highway. If you had low or no self-esteem, you would think that you would have no chance in being able to help that person. Most likely you would keep on driving. As for the lack of respect for others, that to me would be way off base. If you had no respect for others then you would never even consider helping out a stranger or anyone for that matter. Helping someone else would be below you and a waste of your time. Helping a stranger and looking for nothing in return is a prime example of respect for others. 2. Is Rand criticizing ideal or reciprocal altruism? Do you think that she would differentiate between the two? Would you? I would have to say that Rand is criticizing reciprocal altruism. Ideal altruism is an expression of concern for the welfare of others without any obvious...
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...Altruism and Pro Social Behavior Social Psychology Naomi Jackson Instructor Cheryl V. Browning Upper Iowa University ALTRUISM AND PRO SOCIAL BEHAVIOR One may ask what causes people to jeopardize their own health and well-being to help other people. What is it that inspires individuals to give their time, energy, and money to aid in the betterment of others, even when they receive nothing tangible in return? Altruism involves the unselfish concern for other people. It involves doing things simply out of a desire to help, not because you feel obligated to out of duty, loyalty, or religious. I’ve noticed that everyday life is filled with small acts of altruism, from the person who greets me going into Wal-Mart to the person who gives a generous donation to the march of dimes. Although news stories often focus on a greater scale of altruism, such as a person risking their life to save a child from a burning building that they don’t even know. To giving a generous donation to a local charity. Social Psychologists are interested in understanding why it occurs. Really, what does inspire these acts of kindness? What motivates people to risk their own lives to save a complete stranger? Altruism is one aspect of what Social Psychologists refer to Pro Social behavior. Pro Social behavior refers to any action that benefits other people, no matter what the motive or how the giver benefits from the action. While all altruistic acts are Pro Social...
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...1. Is Rand correct in saying that if you accept altruism, then you end up with lack of self-esteem and a lack of respect for others? I opined that Rand is incorrect in saying this. Altruism, according to Rand, is “willing to sacrifice your life for others.” This is consistent with the dictionary definitions of altruism such as “unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of others.” By accepting altruism, a person showed that he has respect for the value of life. On the contrary, studies have shown that practicing altruism enhances personal well – being and affects the community positively as a whole. And because when we give, without expecting return is true charity. To some extend; due to vested interest, people are more willing to go the extra mile to help their family and friends as they are likely to suffer if their friends and family is at risk. However, it has nothing to do with neither lack of self-esteem nor lack of respect for others. 2. Is Rand criticizing ideal or reciprocal altruism? Do you think that she would differentiate between the two? Would you? It seemed that Rand is criticizing reciprocal altruism. It refers to the human social idea and expectation that if a person performs an altruistic act, other people will perform altruistic acts in return. She argues that to sacrifice oneself for another person will result in a threat to one’s existence and helping other is not a moral duty or obligation. However, I disagree, as I know that, “no man is...
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...and the accounting fraud that took place. The term ethics can have multiple meanings, and can often be thought of as morality. To me, the definition of ethics is the ability to judge what is right or wrong concerning human behavior. Human behavior includes individuals, and also groups of people or organizations. As described in the textbook, the term ethics and morals can be used interchangeably. However, the definition of morality at least to me, is culturally acceptable practices that have been passed down through the generations. Being that scholars are using the two terms interchangeably as time passes, it is completely understandable as to why this is happening, as the two definitions are very similar in character. Ethics being the judgment of right and wrong versus a passed down culturally acceptable practice is how the two definitions are different. Because of this reason, I feel that the two are not exactly the same and should not be used interchangeably. There are five approaches to ethics and how they are viewed in the world. The first of these approaches is Utilitarianism. This approach is based upon the basis that something should be done with the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Kant’s Categorical Imperative is the next approach to ethics. In this approach, Kant thought that people should do what’s right no matter what the consequences are. The third approach is Rawls’ Justice as Fairness. With this approach, Rawls thought the best ethical approach...
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...self-interest.” (Pojman & Fieser page87) It is contrasted with altruism, “an unselfish regard of concern for others”. This essay will explain the relation between psychological egoism and ethical egoism. It will examine how someone who believes in psychological egoism explains the apparent instances of altruism. It will also discuss some arguments in favor of universal ethical egoism, and exam Pojman's critique of arguments for and against universal ethical egoism. Psychological egoism, a descriptive claim about human nature, states that humans by nature are motivated only by self-interest. To act in one's self-interest is to act mainly for one's own good and loving what is one's own (i.e. ego, body, family, house, belongings in general). It means to give one's own interests higher priority than others'. "It (psychological egoism) claims that we cannot do other than act from self-interest motivation, so that altruism-the theory that we can and should sometimes act in favor of others' interests-is simply invalid because it's impossible" (Pojman 85). According to psychological egoists, any act no matter how altruistic it might seem, is actually motivated by some selfish desire of the agent (i.e., desire for reward, avoidance of guilt, personal happiness). For someone who believes in psychological egoism, it is difficult to find an action that would be acknowledged as purely altruistic. In practice, altruism is the performance of duties to others with no view to any...
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...letter, however, embraced the bright red letter. In my life, there is one letter, that has perpetuated me from a young child. “K”, stands for the cliche archetype, of a prolix version of my life attached to every piece of clothing I own. Being kind is a blessing, however having kindness is a curse. Overall, I face society, with the letter hanging off my clothes, but with much mettle, towards obstacles. Since a small child, my parents poured their values onto me. For example, always help others, don’t hold grudges, and be respectful to anyone. Of course, I’m human and steered once away from my core values.People have always said how warm-hearted I am, but no one...
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...Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………….12 Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………12 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………………….15 Future Scope………………………………………………………………………………………….....17 Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………………….....18 References………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 Acknowledgement I would like to express my humble gratitude to all those who gave me the opportunity to complete this research paper. I am deeply thankful to my guide/mentor Prof. Tithi Bhatnagar of School Of Inspired Leadership for her constant help, stimulating suggestions and continuous encouragement which kept me motivated throughout in my research during the post graduate program. I would like to extend my heartfelt obligation towards all the people who have helped me in this endeavor. Without their active support, guidance and encouragement, I would not have been able to conduct this research. With immense gratitude I would also like to extend thanks to Prof. Neetika Batra, our Program Chair for her full support and guidance and for providing me this opportunity. I extend my gratitude to SCHOOL OF INSPIRED LEADERSHIP for giving me this opportunity to learn about a new area of research and to explore my own capabilities in the research...
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...Rethinking the Social Responsibility of Business From Reason (October 2005) Making Philanthropy Out of Obscenity -Milton Friedman By pursuing his own interest [an individual] frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. I have never known much good done by those who affected to trade for the public good. -Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations The differences between John Mackey and me regarding the social responsibility of business are for the most part rhetorical. Strip off the camouflage, and it turns out we are in essential agreement. Moreover, his company, Whole Foods Market, behaves in accordance with the principles I spelled out in my 1970 New York Times Magazine article. With respect to his company, it could hardly be otherwise. It has done well in a highly competitive industry. Had it devoted any significant fraction of its resources to exercising a social responsibility unrelated to the bottom line, it would be out of business by now or would have been taken over. Here is how Mackey himself describes his firm's activities: 1. "The most successful businesses put the customer first, instead of the investors" (which clearly means that this is the way to put the investors first). 2. "There can be little doubt that a certain amount of corporate philanthropy is simply good business and works for the long-term benefit of the investors." Compare this to what I wrote in 1970: "Of course, in practice the doctrine of social...
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...be a subconscious inkling that’s driving them, or a religious belief, the intent is there. As for me, what is my intent? In the past I have been focused on coming to an objective conclusion to a moral dilemma. However I have come to the realization that my opinion matters and that how I benefit from the situation matters. Granted, I want what is best for the majority, but only if I am part of said majority. I find nothing wrong with choosing an answer that suits me best, while keeping the well-being of others in mind. We all have different methods of discerning whether or not something is the “right” thing to do or if it is done for the “right” reasons. After much contemplation and the review of my ethical inventories, I have developed my own method. I have embraced my subjective biases and past experiences and combined them with my drive to better myself and achieve happiness and reduce the consequences. I have been called egotistical in the past, and I rejected it completely, now I am embracing it but with a twist. This new approach to ethics, one that may seem to be an oxymoron, but also one I find fundamentally sound, is that of a utilitarian egoist. The first misconception I had over three months ago, before I had made the plunge into the endless sea of ethics, was that doing something for others for the sole purpose of self-happiness was wrong. It surprises me that altruism is seen as such a saintly code to live by. To act selflessly, is to sacrifice, it is a form of self-abnegation...
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...The Pursuit for Happiness Pablo Pereira Concha LDS Business College Pablo Concha Professor Rice ENG 101 3/17/2015 The Pursuit for Happiness Aristotle, the great philosopher, once said: “Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life, the whole aim and end of human existence.” When asked about what they really want in life, most people include the word happiness on the list. Today happiness is viewed in many different ways. Everyone defines happiness according to their personal perspective. Whatever it is that makes you happy is determined by you, and only you. This difference is what makes the world interesting. Like everything else in life, happiness is most commonly discussed in three different aspects of life, personal, professional, and spiritual. There are several simple things can be done to increase happiness in each aspect of life. Even though different goals and actions are set for each aspect, analyzing them make us conclude that somehow they can connect and affect each other. Analyzing them makes us also conclude that if there’s one aspect that can affect all the others, that would be the spiritual. We live in a world that is progressing at such a fast pace that sometimes we wonder if we can catch up. But yet, when it comes to understanding ourselves and our surroundings, we seem to be trapped in the shallow. Being trapped in the shallow can create a sense that something is missing, an inner hole. We search and search for filling up that empty spot...
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...these two skills have worked, however, to think more critically for the nursing tests, all these aptitudes must be utilized so I can have a better performance on tests for the nursing program. As a matter of fact, in order to use these test-taking skills for future programs I used these aptitudes to offer me some assistance with answering a review question in the Fundamentals of Nursing book to improve comprehension of the chapter. An example question was: Which specific aspect of a profession does the development of theories provide? A. Altruism b. Body of knowledge c. Autonomy d. Accountability. With this question the skills pay attention to specific details comes in to play, which in this question refers to theory development, this rejects options d and options c, which refers to the decision-making skills and responsibility of the nurse. Therefore, option b is the correct answer as this refers to the theoretical knowledge in nursing. Consequently, I think these skills will be very helpful through my nursing course when taking tests and quizzes and I will refer to this article in the future when taking tests through this entire nursing program. In sum, I think critical thinking skills and having considerable measure of practice with various nursing inquiries will be most beneficial for me throughout this program. ...
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...Looking out into the world in which we exist, my thoughts turn towards the turbulent times that we are facing, those that we have already faced, and those that we will face tomorrow. I wonder if there is hope for the present, the future, and if we as individuals and leaders can make a difference, change our behavior patterns and mental models, so we can improve relationships among ourselves our communities and our workplace for the betterment of mankind. I find myself thinking of Kwame Anthony Appiah and his vision of a Cosmopolitanism world. He believes that we must change our minds and we must make our conversation across boundaries worthwhile. He believes that we must not judge different cultures by their values or beliefs, but instead must try to understand them and accept them for what they are, who they are, and what they can offer to the world. He believes that the wealthy must change their mental model too and feels that they hold a tendency to think that unfamiliar cultures of the world are not so much subjects of interest or even curiosity, but as objects of charity. Are we so ignorant to the beauty of different cultures that we think they are objects of charity? Or that they have nothing to offer? Are we as humans unaware of the things around us that we ourselves lack involvement? Arthur D. Colman writes about the Tao Te Ching Philosophy and its way of life and how it teaches us that to be able to function fully within the group, that we must first understand...
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...What makes good people do bad things? According to Philip Zimbardo, “evil consists in intentionally behaving in ways that harm, abuse, demean, dehumanize, or destroy innocent others -- or using one’s authority and systemic power to encourage or permit others to do so on your behalf” (Zimbardo 2007, 5). Throughout history, we have seen multiple examples of evil acts; from the Rwandan Genocide to Abu Ghraib to the actions of a high school bully. When developing a plan for executing a lifestyle modeling that of an altruist, I am constantly brought back to a few examples of behavior that I need to avoid. One of my main priorities will be to avoid group behaviors and resist conforming to group norms. It has become apparent that most people, me included, are guilty of being judgmental of people who are...
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...Bradley Podorsky, Essay 1, Page 207 question 1, 2 and 3 In this essay I will discuss What Hobbes means by saying that when humans live in a state of war everybody against everybody, there is neither justice or injustice. I will also compare Glaucon’s and Hobbes ideas of justice. I will also discuss whether selfishness is in itself a bad thing. Hobbes imagines that humans started off living in a state of nature in which each person is free to decide for himself what he needs, what he's owed, what's respectful, right, moral, sensible, and also free to decide all of these questions for the behavior of everyone else as well. In this situation where there is no common authority to find resolution these many and serious disputes, Hobbes imagined that the state of nature could easily turn into a “state of war”. Hobbes said in describing this state "No arts; no letters; no society; and which is worst of all, continual fear, and danger of violent death: and the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” (Rosenstand 206). Hobbes argues that the state of nature is a wretched state of war in which none of our important human ends are dependably achievable. Human nature also affords resources to escape this wretched condition. Hobbes says that once the conflict reaches a life threatening point people will do anything to preserve their own lives, “where every man is enemy to every man” (Rosenstand 206). Hobbes argues that each of us, as a rational being, can see that a war...
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