...Great Schism of 1054 is the split between the Orthodox and Catholic Church. The Orthodox Church originates from Constantinople after the fall of the Roman Empire. Their church believes that authoritative power should not be assigned to one person like the Catholic Church does with the pope. Due to this contrasting belief, they created a Council of Bishops to create a balance of power between people. Their holy works are based mostly around the Holy Spirit, while Catholics have the bible as their main holy work. Orthodoxs believe and teach that the reason they have kept traditions is due to the Holy Spirit. Also, without the Holy Spirit they would not know which works are truly apostolic and which can be used in their worship. They also...
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...Religion and Politics and the effect of religion in America For a virtuous instance of how religion affects politics in our current world we need not look very distant but rather look around you. The influence of Catholicism on Latin American politics, and the role religion plays on Middle Eastern politics have had a profound affect in those related societies. After examining the effects of religion into the above mentioned societies it is clear that the introduction of religion into politics has proven to be suppressive and counterproductive to most third world countries, and various subcultures in first world countries. A very well known writer and scholar on the history of Egypt, Budge, E. A. Wallis, "Egyptian Religion and Society: Egyptian Ideas of the Future Life (Library of the Mystic Arts)". Citadel Press. August 1, 1991. Wrote, “Most scholars have concluded that, in later times at least, there was no close personal tie between the individual Egyptian and the gods, that the gods remained aloof, that their relationship to humans was indirect, communicated to him by means of the king”. We must remember that there was no established book or set of teachings, as the Bible or the Qur'an, and few prescribed conditions of behavior or conduct. Humans were guided essentially by human wisdom and trusted in their belief in the goodness of the gods and of their divine son, the king. An important concept in Egyptian life was the idea of justice. Although the Egyptian was entirely...
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...Case Study: Latin America and the Catholic Church Pope John Paul II made a pastoral visit to Nicaragua and delivered a mass in Leon and Managua, in March 1983. Thousands gathered to hear him even though the Contra war was still going on (Contra comes from the Spanish word la contra, short for la contrarrevolucion, in English it means counter-revolution). The Nicaragua Catholic Church and the Sandinista government were anxious to hear the pope and believed he would give a moral reason to combat the communism of the Sandinista government. However, the others thought he would offer support for the peace process by acting as a mediator and voice his opposition to American aid to the Contras. He spoke more about the growing division within the Church – the “popular church” and the institutional higher Church. After hearing the pope, the Nicaraguan people felt that the Vatican was no longer in touch with Nicaragua. Katherine Hoyt, National Co-Coordinator in Matagalpa, wrote a letter dated March 16, 1983 detailing the events of the pope’s visit. She conveyed disappointment as the people were hoping that the pope would say some words of encouragement and consolation to the families who were losing loved ones to the counter-revolution. She mentioned that just days before the pope’s visit 17 members of the Sandinista Youth Organization were ambushed and killed by the Contras, yet he said nothing at all about this event. Instead he spoke of a solution to the conflict by telling...
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... d. History of Black Catholics III. Black Spirituality & Culture. a. Black Spirituality b. What We Have Seen and Heard – Pastoral Letter on Evangelization c. Catholic Teaching on Racism IV. Conclusion INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader about the true meaning of Black Liberation Theology. I want to present this paper as an enlightening pit of information to all who read it. I hope that will be an enlightenment and appreciation of the culture and spirituality of Blacks by non Blacks. And for Blacks I hope to affirm that our culture and spirituality is a depiction of our past, present, and future relationship with God. “Black Liberation Theology and Black Theology” are terms that walk hand in hand. For both share it’s African and slave roots since the 1560s. Long before the landing of The Mayflower at Plymouth Rock in 1620. There are a lot of differences between the two. Black Liberation Theology is more “vocal” in proclaiming liberation from oppression. Often it presents itself as hatred. An example of this is the speech of Rev. Jeremiah Wright on March 13, 2008. Black Theology, from a Black Catholic perspective, works in the line of tradition within the Catholic Community. Such hatred...
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... |doctrines, practices, or rituals. | Definition of Ethnic Group, Anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, Xenophobia, and Persecution: WordNet. (2012). Retrieved from http://wordnet.princeton.edu/ Definition of Religious Group: The 'lectric law library. (1995 - 2012). Retrieved from http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/q028.htm Part II Select at least 1 religious and 1 ethnic/racial group not your own from the list below. • Religious groups (based on http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf) o Christianity • Evangelical Protestant • Mainline Protestant • Historically Black Churches • Roman Catholic • Latter-Day Saints (Mormons) • Jehovah’s Witnesses • Orthodox (Greek, Eastern)...
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...‘Marriage?’ Over the course of the past decade, the definition of marriage has never been questioned more. The typical union of a man and women can no longer be called the only form of ‘legal’ marriage, for now gay couple can be legally wedded. However, this is not the case when it comes to same-sex marriages in different states across the nation. Across the United States of America, six states allow couples to wed – Connecticut, New Hampshire, Iowa, Massachusetts, New York and Vermont – as well as the District of Columbia. Home to more than 98,000 same sex couples, California would be the gay rights movement’s biggest prize of them all; simply for being the nations most populous state. Having allowed gay couples to wed, and then push for a same-sex marriage ban is ludacris. California is the only state to grant gays the right to marry and rescind it, but the measure to have a same-sex marriage ban serves no purpose, and has no effect, other than to lessen the status of human dignity of gays and lesbians in California. Furthermore, it will only officially reclassify their relationships, marriages, and families as inferior to those of opposite-sex couples. As states, like Maine and Washington follow suit in pushing from gay marriage California’s Proposition 8 seeks to ban the marriage of same-sex couples. As a friend of many gay people, it is in both theirs and my best interest that they are, or will be, happy one day. There is no direct evidence presented in the United States...
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...world and left their families, friends, and homes to start new lives. Under those circumstances, why would they still go? Religious oppression. Both the Protestant and Catholic churches were fighting for power in England. When Britain was under catholic powers, the protestant people were persecuted, and fled to the new world in hopes of being able to worship in their own ways freely. Another reason was economic struggle in Europe. Due to economic struggle, people were losing their jobs and became destitute. When the opportunity to come to the New World arose, many of the struggling people saw it as a way to start over and make their fortune in hope to alleviate the suffering in Europe. Beginning as early as thirty thousand years ago, during the Pre-Columbian Era, Americans came from Asia over a land bridge formed at the Bering Strait during the Ice Age. The new immigrants were gatherers and hunters, known as Native Americans, who reached a population perhaps as many as 100 million spread across Central and South America by the time the Europeans “discovered” the New World. Native Americans development of agriculture provoked new innovations and cultures that would influence America forever ("Study Notes - Free AP Notes," n.d.). During the Middle Ages, Europeans were ignorant to the existence of the Americas. Europeans became acclimated to an assortment of Asian goods including drugs, spices, perfume, and silk, however, key pathways to Asia were controlled by Muslim forces...
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...1.) Tokunboh Adeyemo - Nigeria evangelical theologian Tokunboh Adeyemo was born into a royal Muslim family in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State in western Nigeria on October 1, 1944. Adeyemo was an African Christian statesman of high repute: He was a very brilliant, level-headed and one of the true African-Christian leaders with exemplary virtues. Tokunboh Adeyemo died on March 17, 2010 due to cancer. His working verse through life was Zechariah 4:6: "Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit, says the Lord." Publication. Author: Adeyemo, T. Book title: Is Africa cursed?: A vision for the radical transformation of an ailing continent. Place of publication: Nairobi, Kenya: Publisher: WordAlive Publishers. Year of publication: 2009 2.) Manasseh Kwame Dakwa Bediako – Ghanaian theologian Manasseh Kwame Dakwa Bediako was born on 7 July 1945 in Ghana. He was the son of a police inspector and the grandson of a Presbyterian catechist and evangelist. Kwame Bediako was an outstanding African theologian of his generation. He was an ardent promoter of Bible translation into African languages. He was a man of towering intellect, but he didn’t use it to crush others, but to build them up and encourage them. After a serious illness he died on 10 June 2008. Publication. Author: Bedieko, K. Book Title: Theology and identity: The impact of culture upon Christian thought in the second century and in modern Africa. Publisher: Oxford: Regnum Books. Year of publication: (1992). 3.) Bosch,...
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...history of Catholic Moral Theology, we have had to deal with the topic of what can and cannot change within the Catholic Church. This happened to be the title of the primary book that we used for this course. This book, by John T. Noonan, is entitled A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Development of Catholic Moral Teaching. A theme which Noonan immediately focuses on throughout the book is one which touches many of us deeply, slavery. As a person who has studied both law and religion and who is now embarking on a study of moral theology & ethics, I was highly interested in reading what John T. Noonan a distinguished scholar -author and member of the U.S. Court of Appeals- had to say in such an arena. Having heard him lecture, I was interested to see how his viewpoint translated into this type of arena. I was not disappointed. Throughout our course we not only discussed how this work dealt with such a topic, but we also discussed our own viewpoints on this very topic. Within the following paper I will discuss the issue of slavery, in the form of a synthetic paper, and how not only how it has evolved, but also the various positions the church has had concerning such an issue. As a backdrop, I will also use what Noonan outlined in his book as well. Therefore, this paper will be in the form of a review of Noonan thoughts (which will utilize various points from my prior presentation on this topic)/synthetic paper on the issue of slavery within the Catholic Church...
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...An example of such state-church mixing and melding, led to the execution of Socrates, for his disrespect for the gods( in Biblical times, like kings of Israel were anointed by Priests, as a sign of God’s approval. This is why separation of church and state is bad for America. For centuries, Monarchs ruled by the idea of divine right. This later metamorphosed into monarchs ruling over church’s administration in a way. There was this catholic doctrine that the Pope, as Vicar of Christ on earth, should have authority over the church on earth and indirectly over the state. This led to claims in the middle ages that the pope has authority to depose Catholic kings and they did try to exercise this authority. Thus in the medieval times in western world, monarch who ruled in secular world tend to encroach on the church’s rule of the spiritual sphere. This led to power struggles and crises. In the 1530s, Henry VIII, rejected the annulment of his marriage with Catherine of Aragon by the Pope. He consequently, formed the Church of England (Anglican Church) and set himself as the ruler of the new church, thus ending the separation that had existed between the church and the state of England. From that period on, the Monarchs of Great Britain have retained ecclesiastic authority in the Church of England with the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England. This eventually led to anti- Catholicism and others who were against The church of England, subsequently...
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...in a modernizing Russia and it is a deep psychological study of faith and reason, as well as the doubt, psychology, moral decisions and the thought processes that occur during man’s journey to enlightenment and greater awareness. Although The Brothers Karamazov itself is a work of art and one of the greatest novels ever written the true genius of “The Grand Inquisitor” chapter is that it is a profound discussion on faith, reason and religion, on its own, and the chapter works as an independent study of the greater novels philosophical questions. Although I have done a lot of thinking myself on the topics discussed in “The Grand Inquisitor” I have been especially moved during the reading of this chapter and in my opinion it is the most profound discussions of religious philosophy I have ever read. Even as I write this paper my opinions on the complex questions Dostoyevsky examines, the irony that flows through much of the parable and the reasons for Dostoyevsky writing the parable are in constant change – as with all matters of deep philosophy these issues will probably never be fully resolved; that is why “The Grand Inquisitor” is as remarkable today as it was 123 years go. The Grand Inquisitor chapter is a parable told by Ivan to Alyosha. Alyosha is a novice monk and Ivan uses the parable in an attempt to explain why Ivan is an atheist. The chapter itself is set in the time of the Inquisition. A time in which the church held a level of extreme religious power over all people...
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...Contrast Between Catholic and Baptist Religion - Ask most people today if they have heard of Baptist and Catholic religion and most would say yes. In many ways the two are very similar. For instance, both are based on the Christian faith, belief in the trinity, and that God is the one true God. The two religions agree that Jesus died on the cross and rose again to atone for our sins. They share a 27 book New Testament and insist that salvation comes from Christ alone. On the other hand, while the Baptist and Catholic religions do have similarities, they also have differences, such as their services, communion, and views regarding salvation. The Catholic Religion - The world has more than one billion Catholics and with the ever growing population, it will only get larger in number. To be a Catholic means to have complete faith in God and his divine grace. Having God's divine grace means to obey it and keep it holy as it was created by God and given to his people. The religion itself is based on this and the people take it very seriously. Catholics believe that all people are of good nature but when one commits a sin it not only hurts that one person but the people and the Church.... [tags: Catholicism, What Catholics Believe, informative] 1922 words (5.5 pages) $14.95 [preview] Catholic religion - CATHOLIC RELIGION To belong to the church one must accept as factually true the gospel of Jesus as handed down in tradition and as interpreted by the bishops in union with the pope...
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...California. From a historic standpoint, Catholicism in America often is tied to ethnic backgrounds; and therefore is a religion that embodies diversity. While most of the religions of the world have followers of different races, it seems that the diversity of Catholicism is more wide spread. The American city I was born in, San Francisco, CA, has a very rich and vast Catholic community. Initially, the early Catholic communities were comprised of early Irish Americans that settled on the western part of the United States. In the mid to late 1800s several other American immigrant nationalities relocated to western cities like San Francisco, sharing the same Roman Catholic Church beliefs, and practices. From Seattle, WA down to Los Angeles, CA there were several Catholic churches founded by German, Portuguese, Italian, French, and Mexican American communities. The Mexican American community consisted of primarily Mexicans that lived in then Mexican states prior to the Mexican American war in the 1840s. This westward immigration of Catholic communities was also closely followed by the immigration of Asian Americans, and the growth of African-American Catholic communities. Chinese Americans made up most of the Asian Catholic community, as they worked on the westward expansion of the railroads. When Chinese American Catholics Migrated to the west coast they were not met with the embracement that most would say the Catholic religion embodies today. Steven M. Avella describes these...
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...teacher in Little Rock. Later, he was inspired by the Red Seal operatic recordings that his stepfather bought. After graduating from high school, he attended Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio where he took courses leading to a B.S. Degree, but spent most of his time conducting the band, learning to play the various instruments involved and making his initial attempts to compose and to orchestrate. His subsequent studies at the Oberlin Conservatory of Music were financed at first by a legacy from his father, and later by a scholarship established just for him by the faculty. At the end of his college years, he entered the world of popular music, playing in orchestras and orchestrating, working in particular with the violin, cello and oboe. His employers included W.C. Handy, Don Voorhees, Sophie Tucker, Paul Whiteman, Willard Robinson and Artie Shaw. For several years, he arranged and conducted the “Deep River Hour” over CBS and WOR. 337 While he was in Boston playing oboe in the “Shuffle Along” orchestra, Still made application to study at the New England Conservatory with George Chadwick, and was again rewarded with a scholarship due to Mr. Chadwick’s own vision and generosity. He also studied again on an individual scholarship with the noted ultra- modern composer, Edgar Varese. In the twenties, he made his first appearance as a serious composer in New York, and began a valued friendship with Dr. Howard Hanson of Rochester. Extended Guggenheim and Rosenwald...
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...UNRISD U NITED N ATIONS R ESEARCH I NSTITUTE FOR S OCIAL D EVELOPMENT Religion, Fundamentalism and Ethnicity A Global Perspective Jeff Haynes UNRISD Discussion Paper 65 May 1995 UNRISD Discussion Papers are preliminary documents circulated in a limited number of copies to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multidisciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, an understanding of the social and political context is crucial. The Institute attempts to provide governments, development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries. Current research themes include: Crisis, Adjustment and Social Change; Socio-Economic and Political Consequences of the International Trade in Illicit Drugs; Environment, Sustainable Development and Social Change; Integrating Gender into Development Policy; Participation and Changes in Property Relations in Communist and Post-Communist Societies; and Political Violence and Social...
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