Analysis About Animal's Milk Becoming a Replacement for Breastmilk
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As simply as absolutely anyone can put it, not enough can be said about that very first beverage a new-born mammal, human or otherwise consumes immediately following its exit from the womb: milk. And from that moment on, milk is an absolutely vital part of all balanced mammalian diets. Milk provides our body with calcium, protein, and fat, elements essential to our nutrtion.
In Philippines, there are only three available resources of milk from animal: The Cow's milk, Carabao's milk and Goat's milk.
Drinking Cow's Milk dates back in recorded history to as early as 8000 BC in ancient Egypt, when, believe it or not, only the very wealth could afford it. The consumption of Cow's milk began to proliferate during 5th century AD. The America followed in the 1600s.
In 1863, Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization, a method of killing harmful bacteria in beverage and food products. In 1891, the first U.S. milk processing plant to install pasteurization equipment was the Sheffield Farms Dairy in Bloomfield, New Jersey. They used a German-made pasteurizer. In 1908, Chicago became the first major American city to pass a law requiring commercial milk to be pasteurized milk.
A cup of today's cow's milk on average already contains 29.7 percent of the daily value for calcium and 23.2 percent of the daily value for phosphorus recommended requirements. The former is important for building bones, as well as physiological activities such as blood clotting, muscle contraction and even blood pressure regulation. Vitamin D is also present in Cow's milk. You can see the nutritional facts of one cup of Cow's Milk in Figure 1.
Eventhough, the American Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend cow's milk for children under one year old. Infans fed with it don't get enough vitamin E, iron, and essential fatty acids. Also, the amount of protein, sodium, and potassium may be too high for infants to handle.
The de facto national animal of our country, and especially symbolic of the Pinoy's sense of agricultural proclivity, the carabao can be utilized for its meat, hide, and milk. It has become a preferred and healthy alternative for a growing number of individuals because of its bland and slightly sweet taste. It has 58% more calcium, 40% more protein and 43% less cholesterol as compared to cow's milk. Nutritionist claimed that it is riched in riboflavin, Vit. A, Vit. D, calcium, and phosphorus. You can see the nutritional facts of one cup of Carabao's Milk in Figure 2.
Lastly, the goat's milk slowly gained its popularity around the world because it is slightly sweet though sometimes salty taste. The Goat's milk has always played a role in the food culture of olden times. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romanian were some of the peoples recorded to have a widely consumed goat's milk.
Noel Soliman, the president of the Goat and Sheep Producers Association of Tarlac (GASPAT), proposes that the Goat's milk is the next best after breastmilk.
It has a 17% of the recommended daily allowance of protein and 20% of riboflavin. The goat's milk is 1/9 of the size of cow's milk, making the goat's milk easy to break down, which are perfect to those lactose intolerant.
A fat called Conjugate Linoliec acid, found in goat's milk is beneficial in the reduction of blood sugar as well. You can see the nutritional facts of one cup of Goat's Milk in Figure 3.
Milk from cows and goats is quite different in composition than human breast milk and, therefore, should not be fed to human infants. Human milk, which is designed specifically for promoting infant health, is much lower in protein, calcium, and sodium, and higher in mono- and polyunsaturated fats, carbohydrates, folate, and vitamin C.
Breastmilk has a higher fat content than whole cow’s milk (needed for baby’s brain growth), and all the nutrients of human milk are significantly more bioavailable than those of cow’s milk because it is species specific (not to mention all the components of mother’s milk that are not present in cow’s milk). You can see the nutritional facts of one cup of Breast Milk in Figure 4.
In most cases, infant formula is used to avoid the discomforts of breast feeding (or expressing breast milk) as perceived by the mother. These include being the sole source of food for the infant, which implies waking several times a night for feedings, inconvenience involved with breastfeeding and working outside the home, physical discomforts such as nipple pain, and changes in the shape of the breasts. In some cases, breastfeeding is medically contraindicated. These include:
• The mother's health: The mother is infected with HIV or has active tuberculosis.She is malnourished, extremely ill or has had certain kinds of breast surgery. She is taking any kind of drug that could harm the baby, or drinks unsafe levels of alcohol.
• One of the main global risks posed by breastmilk specifically is the transmission of HIV and other infectious diseases. Breastfeeding by an HIV-infected mother poses a 5–20% chance of transmitting HIV to the baby.However, a recent study conducted by researchers from theUniversity of North Carolina School of Medicine suggests that women infected with HIV can, in fact, breastfeed without transmitting the virus to their children, due to components in the breast milk actually killing the virus. Cytomegalovirusinfection poses potentially dangerous consequences for pre-term babies. Other risks include mother's infection with HTLV-1 or HTLV-2 (viruses that could causeT-cell leukemian the baby),herpes simplex when lesions are prsent on the breasts, and chickenpox in the newborn when the disease manifested in the mother within a few days of birth.In some cases these risks can be mitigated by using heat-treated milk and nursing for a briefer time (e.g. 6 months, rather than 18–24 months), and can be avoided by using an uninfected woman's milk, as via a wet-nurse or milk bank, or by using infant formula and/or treated milk.
• In balancing the risks, such as cases where the mother is infected with HIV, a decision to use infant formula versus exclusive breastfeeding may be made based on alternatives that satisfy the “AFASS” (Acceptable, Feasible, Affordable, Sustainable and Safe) principles.
• The baby is unable to breastfeed: The child has a birth defect or inborn error of metabolism such as galactosemia that makes breastfeeding difficult or impossible.
• The baby is considered at risk for malnutrition: In certain circumstances infants may be at risk for malnutrition, such as due to iron deficiency, vitamin deficiencies (e.g. vitamin D which may be less present in breastmilk than needed at high latitudes where there is less sun exposure), or inadequate nutrition during transition to solid foods. However these risks can often be mitigated with improved diet and education of mothers and caregivers, including availability of macro and micronutrients. For example in Canada, marketed infant formulas are fortified with vitamin D, but Health Canada also recommends breastfed infants receive extra vitamin D in the form of a supplement.
• Personal preferences, beliefs, and experiences: The mother may dislike breast-feeding or think it inconvenient. In addition, breastfeeding can be difficult for victims of rape or sexual abuse; for example, it may be a trigger for posttraumatic stress disorder. Many families bottle feed to increase the father's role in parenting his child.
• Absence of the mother: The child is adopted, orphaned, abandoned, or in the sole custody of a man. The mother is separated from her child by being in prison or a mental hospital. The mother has left the child in the care of another person for an extended period of time, such as while traveling or working abroad.
• Food allergies: The mother eats foods that may provoke an allergic reaction in the infant.
• Financial pressures: Maternity leave is unpaid, insufficient, or lacking. The mother's employment interferes with breastfeeding.
• Societal structure: Breastfeeding may be forbidden at the mother's job, school, place of worship or in other public places, or the mother may feel that breastfeeding in these places or around other people is immodest, unsanitary, or inappropriate.
• Social pressures: Family members, such as mother's husband or boyfriend, or friends or other members of society may encourage the use of infant formula. For example, they may believe that breastfeeding will decrease the mother's energy, health, or attractiveness.
• Lack of training: The mother is not trained sufficiently to breastfeed without pain and to produce enough milk.
• Lactation insufficiency: The mother is unable to produce sufficient milk. In studies that do not account for lactation failure with obvious causes (such as use of formula and/or breast pumps), this affects around 2 to 5% of women. Alternatively, despite a healthy supply, the woman or her family may incorrectly believe that her breast milk is of low quality or in low supply. These women may choose infant formula either exclusively or as a supplement to breastfeeding.
• Fear of exposure to environmental contaminants: Certain environmental pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, can bioaccumulate in the food chain and may be found in humans including mothers' breastmilk.
• However studies have shown that the greatest risk period for adverse effects from environmental exposures is prenatally. Other studies have further found that the levels of most persistent organohalogen compounds in human milk decreased significantly over the past three decades and equally did their exposure through breastfeeding.
• Research on risks from chemical pollution is generally inconclusive in terms of outweighing the benefits of breastfeeding. Studies supported by the WHO and others have found that neurological benefits of breast milk remain, regardless of dioxin exposure. It has also been reported that "adverse effects on learning and behavior are strongly associated with fetalexposure to persistent pollutants, not with breast milk exposure".
• In developing countries, environmental contaminants associated with increased health risks from use of infant formula, particularly diarrhea due to unclean water and lack of sterile conditions – both prerequisites to the safe use of formula – often outweigh any risks from breastfeeding.
• Lack of other sources of breastmilk:
• Lack of wet nurses: Wet nursing is illegal and stigmatized in some countries, and may not be available. It may also be socially unsupported, expensive, or health screening of wet nurses may not be available. The mother, her doctor, or family may not know that wet nursing is possible, or may believe that nursing by a relative or paid wet-nurse is unhygienic.
• Lack of milk banks: Human-milk banks may not be available, as few exist, and many countries cannot provide the necessary screening for diseases and refrigeration.
This answers the first question of “What are the benefits of Breast milk and Animal's milk?”
The truth has once again shaken the foundation of the 'American Tower of Babel' that is mainstream science, with a new study out of Harvard University showing that pasteurized milk product from factory farms is linked to causing hormone-dependent cancers. It turns out that the concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO) model of raising cows on factory farms churns out milk with dangerously high levels of estrone sulfate, an estrogen compound linked to testicular, prostate, and breast cancers.
Dr. Ganmaa Davaasambuu, Ph.D., and her colleagues specifically identified "milk from modern dairy farms" as the culprit, referring to large-scale confinement operations where cows are milked 300 days of the year, including while they are pregnant. Compared to raw milk from her native Mongolia, which is extracted only during the first six months after cows have already given birth, pasteurized factory milk was found to contain up to 33 times more estrone sulfate.
Evaluating data from all over the world, Dr. Davaasambuu and her colleagues identified a clear link between consumption of such high-hormone milk, and high rates of hormone-dependent cancers. In other words, contrary to what the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the conventional milk lobby would have you believe, processed milk from factory farms is not a health product, and is directly implicated in causing cancer.
"The milk we drink today is quite unlike the milk our ancestors were drinking" without apparent harm for 2,000 years, Dr. Davaasambuu is quoted as saying in the Harvard University Gazette. "The milk we drink today may not be nature's perfect food."
Cow’s milk is really just a convenient source of calcium, protein, fats, Vit. D, etc. – it’s not required. There are many people in many parts of the world who do not drink milk and still manage to get all the calcium, protein, fats, vitamin D, etc. that they need. Good non-dairy sources of protein include meats, fish, peas & beans (chick peas, lentils, baked beans, etc.), tofu and other soy products, boiled egg, peanut and other nut butters (if your child is not allergic).
Good non-dairy sources of fats include soy and safflower oils, flax seed and flax seed oil, walnuts, fish and fish oils, avocado. Adding fats to cooking and baking can work well, for example, stir fry in safflower oil or make mini-muffins with soy or rice milk, oil or butter, and eggs. Calcium may be derived from many non dairy sources. Vitamin D can be supplied by sunlight exposure and food sources.
If your child is not nursing regularly and is not allergic to cow’s milk products, but simply doesn’t like cow’s milk, you can incorporate milk into your child’s diet in other ways. Many children like cheese, whole-fat yogurt or ice cream. You can also put milk into various food products: pancakes, waffles, muffins, French toast, scrambled eggs, mashed potatoes, and baked goods.
Some moms wish to offer cow’s milk to their toddler, but baby doesn’t like it. Over the age of 12 months, milk becomes a more minor part of a child’s diet. It is sometimes helpful to mix increasing amounts of cow’s milk with your expressed milk to help baby get used to the taste. Many dietitians see nothing wrong with adding some flavor (such as strawberry or chocolate) to cow’s milk.
It’s best to limit the amount of cow’s milk that your child receives to 2-3 cups (16-24 ounces) per day, since too much cow’s milk in a child’s diet can put him at risk for iron-deficiency anemia (because cow’s milk can interfere with the absorption of iron) and may decrease the child’s desire for other foods.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 2004. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 17. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page,http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp.
